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Toxics
Special Issues
Dietary Exposure to Chemicals and Health Risk Assessment
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Dietary Exposure to Chemicals and Health Risk Assessment

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 5591

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hsin Chang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: separation science; environmental analytical chemistry; mass spectrometry; food safety; metabolomics; human biomonitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemicals present in food, such as emerging environmental contaminants, residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, and other hazards, can enter the human body via dietary intake. This phenomenon has the potential to cause adverse effects on human health. The performance of dietary exposure assessments with reliable data on food consumption and on concentrations of the chemical of interest represents the most effective means of determining the risk of exposure. Given the complexity of the food matrix and the variety of chemicals in food, effective analytical methods are necessary for the accurate determination of target compounds. In addition, the concept of green chemistry, with the reduction of chemical wastes and consumables during the development or application of measurement methods, is also an important issue to prevent the contamination of the environment and food. Thus, this Special Issue aims to share new information on the determination of chemicals in food with green analytical methods, the analysis of the concentration of target chemicals in interesting food, and dietary exposure assessment of hazards in order to present an understanding of their exposure effects on public health. Interested scholars should respond to this Issue with innovating Innovative articles reporting original findings, reviews, and methods relevant to dietary exposure to chemicals and to health risk assessment.

Dr. Hsin Chang Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary hazards
  • green analytical chemistry
  • food safety
  • dietary exposure assessment
  • health risk assessment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5960 KiB  
Article
Arecoline-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Screening of Abnormal Metabolic Markers and Potential Mechanisms
by Jing Sun, Kai Zhang, Yihui Yin, Yunpeng Qi, Siyuan Li, Haonan Sun, Min Luo, Yixuan Sun, Zhiying Yu, Jie Yang, Jingjing Wu, Lijuan Chen, Wenjuan Xu and Ling Dong
Toxics 2023, 11(12), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120984 - 4 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Arecoline is a pyridine alkaloid derived from areca nut in the Arecaceae family. It has extensive medicinal activity, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic. However, the toxicity of Arecoline limits its application. Most current studies on its toxicity mainly focus on immunotoxicity, carcinogenesis, [...] Read more.
Arecoline is a pyridine alkaloid derived from areca nut in the Arecaceae family. It has extensive medicinal activity, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic. However, the toxicity of Arecoline limits its application. Most current studies on its toxicity mainly focus on immunotoxicity, carcinogenesis, and cancer promotion. However, there are few systematic studies on its hepatotoxicity and mechanisms. Therefore, this research explored the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by Arecoline in rats and analyzed endogenous metabolite changes in rat plasma by combining network toxicology with metabolomics. The differential metabolites after Arecoline exposure, such as D-Lysine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, and L-Arginine, were obtained by metabolomics study, and these differential metabolites were involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. Based on the strategy of network toxicology, Arecoline can affect the HIF-1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and other concerning pathways by regulating critical targets, such as ALB, CASP3, EGFR, and MMP9. Integration of metabolomics and network toxicology results were further analyzed, and it was concluded that Arecoline may induce hepatotoxicity by mediating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, energy and lipid metabolism, and cell apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Exposure to Chemicals and Health Risk Assessment)
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16 pages, 1089 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Investigation of Fluoroquinolone Residues in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana Honey and Potential Risks to Consumers: A Five-Year Study (2014–2018) in Zhejiang Province, China
by Liang He, Leiding Shen, Jie Zhang and Rui Li
Toxics 2023, 11(9), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090744 - 31 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1205
Abstract
As a group of antibiotics largely used in China’s animal husbandry, fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues in honey may pose potential threats to human health. This study performed a five-year investigation on the occurrence of FQ residues in honey in 521 Apis mellifera and 160 [...] Read more.
As a group of antibiotics largely used in China’s animal husbandry, fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues in honey may pose potential threats to human health. This study performed a five-year investigation on the occurrence of FQ residues in honey in 521 Apis mellifera and 160 Apis cerana honey samples collected from Zhejiang Province, China and compared FQ residue profiles in honey with a subgroup of various factors. Deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments of exposure to FQ residues in honey were further conducted. Overall, four FQs were detected in 6.9% (47/681) of analyzed samples; banned norfloxacin with the highest level (7890 μg·kg−1) and detection frequency (4.9%) was the primary safety risk factor associated with honeybees raised in China. FQ detection frequency and concentration of rape honey was highest among four of the largest and most stable honeys (rape, acacia, chaste, and linden) in China. Processed honey from commercial sale channels had a significantly higher detection frequency of FQ residues than raw honey from apiaries. Deterministic assessment showed that the noncarcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) value of the dietary intake of FQs by the local population was between 4.75 × 10−6 and 1.18 × 10−3, less than 1.0, indicating that FQ residues in honey posed a low risk for consumers. The order of the HQ value was ciprofloxacin > norfloxacin > enrofloxacin > ofloxacin. Probabilistic assessment showed that at P95, the HQ of FQs for the age groups of children, adolescents, adults, and older adults over 65 years ranged from 2.39 × 10−5 to 0.217, less than 1, and the exposure risk for adults was higher than for children and adolescents. Sensitivity analysis showed that FQ concentrations were the major contributors to health risks. Although a low risk was found, a strict hive management is needed for beekeepers regarding troubles of food safety, international trade, and human bacterial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Exposure to Chemicals and Health Risk Assessment)
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Review

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24 pages, 1277 KiB  
Review
Priorities and Challenges in Methodology for Human Health Risk Assessment from Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals
by Dimitra Nikolopoulou, Evangelia Ntzani, Katerina Kyriakopoulou, Christos Anagnostopoulos and Kyriaki Machera
Toxics 2023, 11(5), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050401 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
This paper reviews key elements in the assessment of human health effects from combined exposure to multiple chemicals taking into consideration current knowledge and challenges to identify areas where scientific advancement is mostly needed and proposes a decision-making scheme on the basis of [...] Read more.
This paper reviews key elements in the assessment of human health effects from combined exposure to multiple chemicals taking into consideration current knowledge and challenges to identify areas where scientific advancement is mostly needed and proposes a decision-making scheme on the basis of existing methods and tools. The assumption of dose addition and estimation of the hazard index (HI) is considered as a starting point in component-based risk assessments. When, based on the generic HI approach, an unacceptable risk is identified, more specific risk assessment options may be implemented sequentially or in parallel depending on problem formulation, characteristics of the chemical group under assessment, exposure levels, data availability and resources. For prospective risk assessments, the reference point index/margin of exposure (RPI/MOET) (Option 1) or modified RPI/normalized MOET (mRPI/nMOET) (Option 2) approaches may be implemented focusing on the specific mixture effect. Relative potency factors (RPFs) may also be used in the RPI approach since a common uncertainty factor for each mixture component is introduced in the assessment. Increased specificity in the risk assessment may also be achieved when exposure of selected population groups is considered (Option 3/exposure). For retrospective risk assessments, human biomonitoring data available for vulnerable population groups (Option 3/susceptibility) may present more focused scenarios for consideration in human health risk management decisions. In data-poor situations, the option of using the mixture assessment factor (MAF) is proposed (Option 4), where an additional uncertainty factor is applied on each mixture component prior to estimating the HI. The magnitude of the MAF may be determined by the number of mixture components, their individual potencies and their proportions in the mixture, as previously reported. It is acknowledged that implementation of currently available methods and tools for human health risk assessment from combined exposure to multiple chemicals by risk assessors will be enhanced by ongoing scientific developments on new approach methodologies (NAMs), integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), uncertainty analysis tools, data sharing platforms, risk assessment software as well as guideline development to meet legislative requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Exposure to Chemicals and Health Risk Assessment)
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