Immunity to Enteric Viruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 1591

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Interests: norovirus; rotavirus; viral and Clostridioides difficile diarrhea; gastroenteritic; vaccine efficacy evaluation; therapeutic nanobodies and IgY

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Guest Editor
INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agro-Pecuaria (INTA)-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033AAE, Argentina
Interests: human and animal rotavirus; norovirus and coronavirus; Llama derived-nanobodies; avian IgY; statistical validation of assays and animal models
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Enteric virus infections pose a significant global health challenge, particularly impacting infants and young children. This diverse group of viruses, including rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses and viruses in the Picobirnaviridae family are common etiological agents of acute viral gastroenteritis. The pathophysiology of viral diarrhea is multifaceted and complex, with various mechanisms at play. However, a crucial aspect of combatting these infections is the host's immune response, as well as the passive maternal immunity transferred thourgh the placenta to the baby’s bloodstream, and breast feeding acting locally in the neonatal gut. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms play pivotal roles in safeguarding the host against enteric viral infections, specially at the gut mucosa. In addition, maternal immunity can modulate this neonatal active immunity. Furthermore, variations in the host's genetic makeup and epigenetic, including differences in the expression of histo-blood group antigens and gut microbiota, are linked to susceptibility or resistance to specific enteric viruses. Research in this area has unveiled new avenues for potential interventions and therapies.

In this context, we are pleased to announce our Special Issue of Viruses, which aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of host immunity to these pathogens. We invite researchers to contribute their findings and insights through the submission of research articles, review articles and short communications. Topics of interest encompass innate and adaptive immune responses to enteric viruses, host genetic factors influencing susceptibility and the role of gut microbiota in immune defense. This Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of how the host combats enteric viral infections, ultimately contributing to the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic measures.

Prof. Dr. Lijuan Yuan
Dr. Viviana Parreño
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rotavirus, norovirus, sapoviruses, astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses, picobirnaviruses
  • intrinsic, innate, T cell and B cell responses to enteric viral infections
  • immunity against enteric viruses
  • gut microbiome and immunity to enteric viruses
  • host genetic factors in immunity to enteric viruses
  • passive maternal antibodies adquired through active transference

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1776 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of a Rotavirus VP8* Multivalent Subunit Vaccine in Mice
by Roberto Cárcamo-Calvo, Irene Boscá-Sánchez, Sergi López-Navarro, Noemi Navarro-Lleó, Nazaret Peña-Gil, Cristina Santiso-Bellón, Javier Buesa, Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira and Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071135 - 16 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Rotavirus remains a significant public health threat, especially in low-income countries, where it is the leading cause of severe acute childhood gastroenteritis, contributing to over 128,500 deaths annually. Although the introduction of the Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines in 2006 marked a milestone in [...] Read more.
Rotavirus remains a significant public health threat, especially in low-income countries, where it is the leading cause of severe acute childhood gastroenteritis, contributing to over 128,500 deaths annually. Although the introduction of the Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines in 2006 marked a milestone in reducing mortality rates, approximately 83,158 preventable deaths persisted, showing ongoing challenges in vaccine accessibility and effectiveness. To address these issues, a novel subcutaneous vaccine formulation targeting multiple rotavirus genotypes has been developed. This vaccine consists of nine VP8* proteins from nine distinct rotavirus genotypes and sub-genotypes (P[4], P[6], P[8]LI, P[8]LIII, P[8]LIV, P[9], P[11], P[14], and P[25]) expressed in E. coli. Two groups of mice were immunized either with a single immunogen, the VP8* from the rotavirus Wa strain (P[8]LI), or with the nonavalent formulation. Preliminary results from mouse immunization studies showed promising outcomes, eliciting antibody responses against six of the nine immunogens. Notably, significantly higher antibody titers against VP8* P[8]LI were observed in the group immunized with the nonavalent vaccine compared to mice specifically immunized against this genotype alone. Overall, the development of parenteral vaccines targeting multiple rotavirus genotypes represents a promising strategy in mitigating the global burden of rotavirus-related morbidity and mortality, offering new avenues for disease prevention and control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunity to Enteric Viruses)
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