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Viruses
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Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals and Birds: Volume 5
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Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals and Birds: Volume 5

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2024) | Viewed by 2771

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tohru Suzuki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
Interests: reverse genetics technique; enteric virus; coronavirus; rotavirus; calicivirus; VLPs (virus-like particles); anti-IgY; animal coronaviruses; animal rotaviruses; pathogenicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue’s main focus is enteric and respiratory viruses which cause severe and acute diarrhea and pneumonia in animals and birds, especially in agricultural and veterinary industries. Enteric and respiratory viruses include mainly coronaviruses, rotaviruses, caliciviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, pestiviruses, paramyxoviruses, and orthomyxoviruses. Diarrhea and pneumonia lead to the deterioration of health, insufficient body weight gain, and the death of young animals and birds, resulting in huge economic losses. However, the available information is still limited regarding enteric and respiratory viruses in animals and birds, and hence, there are few effective strategies for the control and prevention of enteric and respiratory viruses, despite their significant economic impact. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes all types of manuscripts (e.g., reviews, research articles, and short communications), including novel findings with respect to diagnostic approaches, experimental techniques, molecular epidemiology, pathogenicity, host–virus interactions, and the treatment and control methodology of enteric and respiratory viruses.

Dr. Tohru Suzuki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coronaviruses
  • rotaviruses
  • caliciviruses
  • adenoviruses
  • herpesviruses
  • pestiviruses
  • paramyxoviruses
  • orthomyxoviruse
  • diagnosis
  • experimental techniques
  • molecular epidemiology
  • pathogenicity
  • treatment and control methodology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 3377 KiB  
Communication
First Report on Detection and Molecular Characterization of Astroviruses in Mongooses
by Jessica L. Kulberg, Anne A. M. J. Becker, Yashpal S. Malik and Souvik Ghosh
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1269; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081269 - 8 Aug 2024
Viewed by 545
Abstract
Applying a pan-astrovirus (AstV) RT-hemi-nested PCR assay, we report here high detection rates (28.3%, 15/53) of AstVs in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata) on the Caribbean Island of St. Kitts. Based on deduced amino acid (aa) identities and phylogenetic analysis [...] Read more.
Applying a pan-astrovirus (AstV) RT-hemi-nested PCR assay, we report here high detection rates (28.3%, 15/53) of AstVs in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata) on the Caribbean Island of St. Kitts. Based on deduced amino acid (aa) identities and phylogenetic analysis of long RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences (~315 aa, partial RdRp), the AstVs detected in the mongooses (designated as Mon-AstVs) were classified into two distinct groups (deduced aa identities of 66.45–67.30% between the groups). The putative RdRps of the Mon-AstVs shared low deduced aa identities with those of AstVs from other host species (<69%, <54%, and <50% identities with reptilian/amphibian AstVs, avastroviruses, and mamastroviruses, respectively). Phylogenetically, the group-I and group-II Mon-AstVs formed two distinct clusters, near the cluster of reptilian/amphibian AstVs, and were distantly related to avastroviruses and mamastroviruses. Since the mongooses were apparently healthy during sampling, we could not establish if the Mon-AstVs infected the animal or were of dietary origin. Although we could not ascertain the true host of the Mon-AstVs, phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses might have originated from lower vertebrates. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and molecular characterization of AstVs in mongooses, highlighting the wide host range and significant genetic diversity within the family Astroviridae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals and Birds: Volume 5)
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16 pages, 3782 KiB  
Article
Recombinant Viruses from the Picornaviridae Family Occurring in Racing Pigeons
by Ewa Łukaszuk, Daria Dziewulska and Tomasz Stenzel
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060917 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 491
Abstract
Viruses from Picornaviridae family are known pathogens of poultry, although the information on their occurrence and pathogenicity in pigeons is scarce. In this research, efforts are made to broaden the knowledge on Megrivirus B and Pigeon picornavirus B prevalence, phylogenetic relationship with other [...] Read more.
Viruses from Picornaviridae family are known pathogens of poultry, although the information on their occurrence and pathogenicity in pigeons is scarce. In this research, efforts are made to broaden the knowledge on Megrivirus B and Pigeon picornavirus B prevalence, phylogenetic relationship with other avian picornaviruses and their possible connection with enteric disease in racing pigeons. As a result of Oxford Nanopore Sequencing, five Megrivirus and two pigeon picornavirus B-like genome sequences were recovered, among which three recombinant strains were detected. The recombinant fragments represented an average of 10.9% and 25.5% of the genome length of the Pigeon picornavirus B and Megrivirus B reference strains, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that pigeons are carriers of species-specific picornaviruses. TaqMan qPCR assays revealed 7.8% and 19.0% prevalence of Megrivirus B and 32.2% and 39.7% prevalence of Pigeon picornavirus B in the group of pigeons exhibiting signs of enteropathy and in the group of asymptomatic pigeons, respectively. In turn, digital droplet PCR showed a considerably higher number of genome copies of both viruses in sick than in asymptomatic pigeons. The results of quantitative analysis leave the role of picornaviruses in enteropathies of pigeons unclear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals and Birds: Volume 5)
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10 pages, 1402 KiB  
Article
Detection and Genetic Characterization of Bovine Torovirus in Uruguay
by Matías Castells, María José Benítez-Galeano, Ana Marandino, Rubén Darío Caffarena, María Laura Casaux, Ruben Pérez, Federico Giannitti and Rodney Colina
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060835 - 24 May 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Bovine torovirus (BToV) is an enteric pathogen that may cause diarrhea in calves and adult cattle, which could result in economic losses due to weight loss and decreased milk production. This study aimed to report the presence, the genetic characterization and the evolution [...] Read more.
Bovine torovirus (BToV) is an enteric pathogen that may cause diarrhea in calves and adult cattle, which could result in economic losses due to weight loss and decreased milk production. This study aimed to report the presence, the genetic characterization and the evolution of BToV in calves in Uruguay. BToV was detected in 7.9% (22/278) of fecal samples, being identified in dairy (9.2%, 22/239) but not beef (0.0%, 0/39) calves. BToV was detected in both diarrheic (14%, 6/43) and non-diarrheic (13.2%, 5/38) dairy calves. In addition, BToV was detected in the intestinal contents of 14.9% (7/47) of naturally deceased dairy calves. A complete genome (28,446 nucleotides) was obtained, which was the second outside Asia and the first in Latin America. In addition, partial S gene sequences were obtained to perform evolutionary analyses. Nucleotide and amino acid substitutions within and between outbreaks/farms were observed, alerting the continuous evolution of the virus. Through Bayesian analysis using BEAST, a recent origin (mid-60s) of BToV, possibly in Asia, was estimated, with two introductions into Uruguay from Asia and Europe in 2004 and 2013, respectively. The estimated evolutionary rate was 1.80 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year. Our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and genetic characterization for the effective management and understanding of BToV’s global epidemiology and evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals and Birds: Volume 5)
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Review

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29 pages, 7310 KiB  
Review
Molecular Detection of Respiratory Tract Viruses in Chickens at the Point of Need by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
by Mohamed El-Tholoth and Haim H. Bau
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081248 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 762
Abstract
Accurate and timely molecular diagnosis of respiratory diseases in chickens is essential for implementing effective control measures, preventing the spread of diseases within poultry flocks, minimizing economic loss, and guarding food security. Traditional molecular diagnostic methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) require expensive [...] Read more.
Accurate and timely molecular diagnosis of respiratory diseases in chickens is essential for implementing effective control measures, preventing the spread of diseases within poultry flocks, minimizing economic loss, and guarding food security. Traditional molecular diagnostic methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) require expensive equipment and trained personnel, limiting their use to centralized labs with a significant delay between sample collection and results. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of nucleic acids offers an attractive alternative for detecting respiratory viruses in broiler chickens with sensitivity comparable to that of PCR. LAMP’s main advantages over PCR are its constant incubation temperature (∼65 °C), high amplification efficiency, and contaminant tolerance, which reduce equipment complexity, cost, and power consumption and enable instrument-free tests. This review highlights effective LAMP methods and variants that have been developed for detecting respiratory viruses in chickens at the point of need. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals and Birds: Volume 5)
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