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Water
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Adsorption of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater by Modified Biochar
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Adsorption of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater by Modified Biochar

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 5330

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ali Ayati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran
Interests: water treatment; adsorption; photocatalyst; chitosan; carbon-based adsorbents
Dr. Bahareh Tanhaei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran
Interests: water treatment; adsorption; hydrogel; polymer; membrane science; chitosan

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biochar is an eco-friendly carbon-rich solid produced via the pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-free conditions. In recent decades, biochar has attracted great attention following the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions due to its low cost, affordability, versatility, large surface area, high stability, and environmental friendliness. The pristine biochar suffered from certain limitations, such as low adsorption capacity and narrow adsorption range, and some chemical and biochemical modifications are considered as some of most effective techniques to improve the adsorption capacity of biochar. Nowadays, different modification methods were explored to functionalize biochar with various physicochemical properties, which resulted in distinct adsorption effects, behaviors, and mechanisms of modified biochar on water pollutants. Research on biochar-modified adsorbents is however still an emerging field of study in these years. This Special Issue focuses on the adsorption application of physicochemically modified biochars in the removal of various contaminants from water and wastewater. However, given the potential environmental and economic benefits of modification solutions which perform better, it becomes critical for the further advancement of this research field.

Dr. Ali Ayati
Dr. Bahareh Tanhaei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biochar
  • modification of biochar
  • water treatment
  • wastewater treatment
  • industrial wastewater
  • adsorption
  • emerging pollutants
  • heavy metals
  • pharmaceutical pollutants
  • organic pollutants

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6946 KiB  
Article
Simple Preparation of Lignin-Based Phenolic Resin Carbon and Its Efficient Adsorption of Congo Red
by Wanting Su, Penghui Li, Mingkang Wang, Dairenjie Yi, Bo Jiang and Wenjuan Wu
Water 2023, 15(15), 2777; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152777 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1581
Abstract
Biomass porous carbon is a low-cost, environmentally friendly material with no secondary pollution and has great potential in the field of dye pollutant adsorption. In this work, we used lignin, a renewable resource abundant in nature, to completely replace phenol and develop a [...] Read more.
Biomass porous carbon is a low-cost, environmentally friendly material with no secondary pollution and has great potential in the field of dye pollutant adsorption. In this work, we used lignin, a renewable resource abundant in nature, to completely replace phenol and develop a lignin-based phenolic resin carbon (LPFC) adsorbent with high dye removal capacity, high recyclability, and low production cost. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Then the effects of adsorbent dosage (1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3 g/L, 4 g/L, and 5 g/L), temperature (30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C), initial dye concentration (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 mg/L), and pH (3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) on the adsorption capacity were investigated during the adsorption process. The experimental results showed that the pore structure of LPFC was richer and more graphitized than that of phenolic resin carbon (PFC). The adsorption performance of LPFC on CR was better than that of PFC. The adsorption characteristics of LPFC were investigated from the adsorption isotherm and kinetic perspectives. The Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the proposed second-order kinetic model were able to fit the adsorption data better. The adsorption process preferred monolayer adsorption, and the proposed second-order model predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 425.53 mg/g. After five cycles, the removal of CR by LPFC only decreased from 92.1 to 79.2%. It can be seen that LPFC adsorbents have great potential in the field of wastewater treatment and can effectively realize the high-value application of lignin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater by Modified Biochar)
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15 pages, 2653 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of a Chemically Modified Biosorbent Based on the Invasive Plant Leucaena leucocephala and Its Application in Metformin Removal
by Luís Fernando Cusioli, Letícia Nishi, Laiza Bergamasco Beltran, Anna Carla Ribeiro, Rosângela Bergamasco, Milena Keller Bulla, Rhana Keterly Facina and Gustavo Affonso Pisano Mateus
Water 2023, 15(14), 2600; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142600 - 18 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1297
Abstract
The present study investigated the use of a biosorbent produced from Leucaena leucocephala pods for the removal of metformin from aqueous solutions. The pods were subjected to chemical and thermal treatments and were referred to as L. leucocephala modified, which was characterized using [...] Read more.
The present study investigated the use of a biosorbent produced from Leucaena leucocephala pods for the removal of metformin from aqueous solutions. The pods were subjected to chemical and thermal treatments and were referred to as L. leucocephala modified, which was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters investigated in the sorption process were temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial metformin concentration. The experimental data were in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal model. The maximum adsorption capacity reached was 56.18 mg g−1 at 313 K. In the kinetic study, stability was achieved in 300 min, with 53.24% removal, and the pseudo-first-order model agreed well with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicated a spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic reaction. The presence of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 negatively affected metformin adsorption. Thus, the importance of the study was that a developed material showed promising results in the removal of metformin, particularly because it is an innovative material, and there are no studies in the literature on drug removal using L. leucocephala. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater by Modified Biochar)
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14 pages, 5274 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Porous Carbon Materials as Adsorbent Materials from Phosphorus-Doped Watermelon Rind
by Yumeng Wei, Penghui Li, Chi Yang, Xiaoyu Li, Dairenjie Yi and Wenjuan Wu
Water 2023, 15(13), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132433 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1963
Abstract
In this study, phosphorus-doped watermelon rind carbon material (WC-M) was prepared by a muffle furnace, and the adsorption performance of WC-M material to dyes was investigated. At the same time, the effects of dye concentration, pH, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, and other factors [...] Read more.
In this study, phosphorus-doped watermelon rind carbon material (WC-M) was prepared by a muffle furnace, and the adsorption performance of WC-M material to dyes was investigated. At the same time, the effects of dye concentration, pH, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, and other factors on the adsorption effect were investigated. In the experiment, a muffle furnace was used to carbonize the watermelon rind doped with phosphoric acid, which simplified the experimental operation. Regarding the results of SEM analysis, the surface structure of WC-M materials is diverse. Isothermal maps of nitrogen adsorption and desorption show that the material contains more microporous structures and exhibits more active sites. The experimental results show that WC-M materials show good adsorption properties against cationic dyes (malachite green, MG) and anionic dyes (active black, AB). The neutral condition is conducive to the adsorption of MG, and the alkaline condition is conducive to the adsorption of AB. The adsorption rate reaches a maximum in the initial stage of adsorption, the adsorption capacity reaches 50% of the total adsorption capacity within 10 minutes before the reaction, and then the adsorption capacity gradually decreases until the adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption mechanism was explored by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, second-order kinetic model, and intraparticle diffusion model. At the same time, through the analysis of multiple isotherm models, the overall adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model, the adsorption of MG was more inclined to monolayer electron adsorption, and the adsorption capacity reached 182.68 mg⋅g−1. The reusability of WC-M materials in MG and AB adsorption was discussed. At this time, the concentrations of AB and MG were 120 mg⋅L−1 and 150 mg⋅L−1, and after 10 h of desorption, the desorption rates of MG and AB reached 67.7% and 83.3%, respectively; after five adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption rate of MG was still 78.5%, indicating that WC-M materials have good recovery effect. At the same time, the use of watermelon rind as an adsorption material belongs to the high-value application of watermelon rind, which belongs to “turning waste into treasure” and will not pose a certain threat to the environment. This experiment is also suitable for durian rind, pineapple rind, and other “waste” biomass materials, and the experiment has certain generalizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater by Modified Biochar)
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