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Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters
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Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Erosion and Sediment Transport".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 14289

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Michele Greco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering School, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
Interests: environmental protection; river dynamics; coastal management; natural hazard; ecoflow
Dr. Giovanni Martino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering School, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
Interests: fluid mechanics; river dynamics; coastal engineering; natural hazard; ecoflow

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding coastal processes is of great interest and importance because it involves ecosystemic and socioeconomic aspects concerning sustainable development, the environment and populations. In fact, a coastal zone is characterized by complex hydrodynamics and sediment flux dynamics, especially in sandy beaches. The winds, wave climate, tides, currents, river dynamics and supply of sediment, especially around river mouths and deltas, as well as artificial sediment dynamics, are key drivers in littoral processes.

Coastal erosion represents a global issue that involves all countries of the World, and in the last 50 years, the technical and scientific community have developed and implemented hydromorphological numerical models that are increasingly sophisticated, and coastal engineering works and action strategies aimed at erosion risk prevention and mitigation. However, shore protection projects concerning coastal armoring, beach stabilization and nourishments have not always been effective in reducing erosion phenomena, thus resulting in a waste of resources.

This issue assumes particular relevance considering the climate change effects that, in the next 50–100 years, will likely produce a global sea-level rise and a variation in wave climate as well as in the frequency, intensities and durations of sea storms, thereby increasing flooding in low-lying coastal areas affected by erosion risk.

Water (ISSN 2073-4441) is currently running a Special Issue entitled “Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters”.

The aim of the Special Issue is the transfer and sharing of knowledge, good practice, and best-available technologies related to coastal erosion and sediment transport, also with respect to climate change adaptation strategies.

As Guest Editors, we would like to send our invitation for the following Special Issue. We believe your contributions will be essential for the eventual success of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Michele Greco
Dr. Giovanni Martino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coastal processes
  • erosion process and risk
  • natural and artificial sediment transport
  • beach management
  • climate change adaptation
  • wave climate forecasting
  • coastal resilience
  • hydromorphodynamics
  • numerical models
  • integrated coastal zone management

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 11931 KiB  
Article
Optimum Coastal Slopes Exposed to Waves: Experimental and Numerical Study
by Reza Zandi, Khosro Lari and Mohammad Najafzadeh
Water 2023, 15(2), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020366 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2670
Abstract
In this research, experimental and numerical studies of water waves in a wave tank are analyzed and how to find the optimum beach slope for numerical simulation is also investigated. First, with the aid of a wave tank (flap type), waves with different [...] Read more.
In this research, experimental and numerical studies of water waves in a wave tank are analyzed and how to find the optimum beach slope for numerical simulation is also investigated. First, with the aid of a wave tank (flap type), waves with different wave amplitudes are created in the laboratory, and data of generated waves are measured by different wave probes. Then, numerical simulations of the wave tank and waves with different wave amplitudes are performed in Ansys Fluent industrial software. The VOF method is used to model two-phase flow. The results of experimental and numerical simulations are compared and examined. Moreover, the effects of the beach slope on the simulation are analyzed and compared with the experimental results to obtain the best slope. The results show that the numerical simulation, by using the appropriate beach slope, can properly model the experimental results with a low CPU time. Additionally, the 1:5 beach slope is considered the best slope that can dampen the energy of the waves and prevent their reflection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters)
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21 pages, 21890 KiB  
Article
Coastal Erosion and a Characterization of the Morphological Dynamics of Arauco Gulf Beaches under Dominant Wave Conditions
by Mauricio Villagrán, Matías Gómez and Carolina Martínez
Water 2023, 15(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010023 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
Sandy coastlines in Chile currently have strong erosive tendencies. However, little is known about the morphodynamics of these coastlines; such knowledge would allow us to understand coastline changes and incorporate this knowledge into coastal management. Accordingly, the historical scale of coastal erosion and [...] Read more.
Sandy coastlines in Chile currently have strong erosive tendencies. However, little is known about the morphodynamics of these coastlines; such knowledge would allow us to understand coastline changes and incorporate this knowledge into coastal management. Accordingly, the historical scale of coastal erosion and the morphodynamic characteristics of six beaches of the Arauco Gulf, central-southern Chile (36° S), were analyzed to determine the prevailing wave conditions during winter and summer. Historical changes in the relative position of the coastline were determined using DSAS v5.1. The coupled WAVE-FLOW-MOR modules of the Delft3D 4.02 software package were used for the morphodynamic analysis. Using image processing, it was established that erosion predominates in winter seasons for almost every beach analyzed. However, the Escuadrón beach presents this trend both in winter and summer, with rates of up to −0.90 m/year (2010–2021). In addition, accretion was observed in both stations at Tubul beach. On the other hand, numerical models for the dominant conditions predict accretion in the beaches of Escuadrón, Chivilingo, and Arauco, stable conditions for Coronel beach, and erosion in Llico. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters)
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13 pages, 8145 KiB  
Article
Drivers of Turbidity and Its Seasonal Variability at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk (Western Canadian Arctic)
by Konstantin P. Klein, Hugues Lantuit and Rebecca J. Rolph
Water 2022, 14(11), 1751; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111751 - 30 May 2022
Viewed by 2779
Abstract
The Arctic is greatly affected by climate change. Increasing air temperatures drive permafrost thaw and an increase in coastal erosion and river discharge. This results in a greater input of sediment and organic matter into nearshore waters, impacting ecosystems by reducing light transmission [...] Read more.
The Arctic is greatly affected by climate change. Increasing air temperatures drive permafrost thaw and an increase in coastal erosion and river discharge. This results in a greater input of sediment and organic matter into nearshore waters, impacting ecosystems by reducing light transmission through the water column and altering biogeochemistry. This potentially results in impacts on the subsistence economy of local people as well as the climate due to the transformation of suspended organic matter into greenhouse gases. Even though the impacts of increased suspended sediment concentrations and turbidity in the Arctic nearshore zone are well-studied, the mechanisms underpinning this increase are largely unknown. Wave energy and tides drive the level of turbidity in the temperate and tropical parts of the world, and this is generally assumed to also be the case in the Arctic. However, the tidal range is considerably lower in the Arctic, and processes related to the occurrence of permafrost have the potential to greatly contribute to nearshore turbidity. In this study, we use high-resolution satellite imagery alongside in situ and ERA5 reanalysis data of ocean and climate variables in order to identify the drivers of nearshore turbidity, along with its seasonality in the nearshore waters of Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, in the western Canadian Arctic. Nearshore turbidity correlates well to wind direction, wind speed, significant wave height, and wave period. Nearshore turbidity is superiorly correlated to wind speed at the Beaufort Shelf compared to in situ measurements at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, showing that nearshore turbidity, albeit being of limited spatial extent, is influenced by large-scale weather and ocean phenomenons. We show that, in contrast to the temperate and tropical ocean, freshly eroded material is the predominant driver of nearshore turbidity in the Arctic, rather than resuspension, which is caused by the vulnerability of permafrost coasts to thermo-erosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters)
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18 pages, 7705 KiB  
Article
Derosion Lattice Performance and Optimization in Solving an End Effect Assessed by CFD: A Case Study in Thailand’s Beach
by Jatuporn Thongsri, Worapol Tangsopa, Mongkol Kaewbumrung, Mongkol Phanak and Wutthikrai Busayaporn
Water 2022, 14(9), 1358; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091358 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3175
Abstract
Thailand’s beach had a severe coastal erosion problem at the end of rock dams called the “end effect”. One of the innovative solutions to solve this problem is to use the derosion lattice (DL). However, since the DL performance depends on [...] Read more.
Thailand’s beach had a severe coastal erosion problem at the end of rock dams called the “end effect”. One of the innovative solutions to solve this problem is to use the derosion lattice (DL). However, since the DL performance depends on installing conditions such as angle of attack, placement position, terrain, and climate, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to assess the end effect’s occurrence and optimize the performance of DL’s installation. Based on Khao Rup Chang’s condition, a suffered beach in Thailand was used as a case study, and a free surface flow simulation was performed in the transient state using ANSYS Fluent, a CFD software, which revealed water waves flow through the beach with and without the DL installation cases. Furthermore, the CFD-assessed results indicated that the angle of attack and placement position affected the DL performance as expected. In optimization, the 15° angle of attack with the DL placement adjacent to the rock dam was the proper condition. After being applied at the actual site, the DL can help reduce erosion, increase sedimentation, and solve the end effect with excellent performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters)
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25 pages, 2090 KiB  
Article
Scour Propagation Rates around Offshore Pipelines Exposed to Currents by Applying Data-Driven Models
by Mohammad Najafzadeh and Giuseppe Oliveto
Water 2022, 14(3), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030493 - 7 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2511
Abstract
Offshore pipelines are occasionally exposed to scouring processes; detrimental impacts on their safety are inevitable. The process of scouring propagation around offshore pipelines is naturally complex and is mainly due to currents and/or waves. There is a considerable demand for the safe design [...] Read more.
Offshore pipelines are occasionally exposed to scouring processes; detrimental impacts on their safety are inevitable. The process of scouring propagation around offshore pipelines is naturally complex and is mainly due to currents and/or waves. There is a considerable demand for the safe design of offshore pipelines exposed to scouring phenomena. Therefore, scouring propagation patterns must be focused on. In the present research, machine learning (ML) models are applied to achieve equations for the prediction of the scouring propagation rate around pipelines due to currents. The approaching flow Froude number, the ratio of embedment depth to pipeline diameter, the Shields parameter, and the current angle of attack to the pipeline were considered the main dimensionless factors from the reliable literature. ML models were developed based on various setting parameters and optimization strategies coming from evolutionary and classification contents. Moreover, the explicit equations yielded from ML models were used to demonstrate how the proposed approaches are in harmony with experimental observations. The performance of ML models was assessed utilizing statistical benchmarks. The results revealed that the equations given by ML models provided reliable and physically consistent predictions of scouring propagation rates regarding their comparison with scouring tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal Waters)
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