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Salt Intrusion in Coastal Areas
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Salt Intrusion in Coastal Areas

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2022) | Viewed by 9235

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiabi Du

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Interests: continental, coastal, and estuarine dynamics; numerical ocean modeling; water quality modeling; sediment transport; ecosystem modeling; biogeochemical processes; fishery larvae transport; climate change; sea level rise; hypoxia
Prof. Dr. Jian Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
Interests: hydrodynamic and water quality modeling; transport processes in estuaries and coasts; timescale diagnoses for interactions between hydrodynamics and biochemical processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Salt intrusion affects almost every aspect of ecological and physical dynamics in coastal waters and wetlands. Understanding the salt intrusion processes is critically important in managing coastal resources (e.g., drinking water, salt marsh, aquatic habitat, cropland, and living resources). Accelerated sea-level rise, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as severe drought and rainfall, together with human interventions along shorelines of estuaries and rivers, have altered the salt intrusion processes either gradually or dramatically in coastal regions. With advanced numerical models, long-term accumulated observational data, and increasing concerns of the vulnerable coastal ecosystem, there is no better time than now for us to synthesize our current understanding of this important topic.

We invite coastal scientists to contribute to this Special Issue of Water dedicated to collecting state-of-the-art investigations based on numerical, observational, or theoretical results on the salt intrusion in coastal regions. Topics covered by this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  1. Underlying physical dynamics of salt intrusion in coastal bay, estuaries, tidal river, aquifers, and salt marsh.
  2. Impact of sea-level rise on salt intrusion, based on long-term observational data or numerical modeling.
  3. Impact of severe drought or rainfall on the salt intrusion and how the coastal system recovers from such dramatic events.
  4. Impact of human intervention (human activities, dredging, ecological engineering or ocean engineering, etc.) on salt intrusion.
  5. Impact of future salt intrusion on coastal resources and economy.
  6. Engineering solutions to remediate issues relevant to salt intrusion.
  7. Theoretical and analytical analysis of the salt intrusion.

Both original research and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Jiabi Du
Prof. Dr. Jian Shen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • salt intrusion
  • sea-level rise
  • coastal engineering
  • extreme weather events
  • numerical modeling
  • analytical solutions
  • observational analysis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 13171 KiB  
Article
Large-Scale Physical Modeling of Salt-Water Intrusion
by Elena Crestani, Matteo Camporese, Enrica Belluco, Abderrezak Bouchedda, Erwan Gloaguen and Paolo Salandin
Water 2022, 14(8), 1183; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081183 - 7 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3705
Abstract
Salt-water intrusion (SWI) is a worldwide problem increasingly affecting coastal aquifers, exacerbated by climate changes and growing demand of fresh-water. Therefore, research on this topic using both physical and numerical modeling has been intensified, aiming to achieve better predictions of the salt-water wedge [...] Read more.
Salt-water intrusion (SWI) is a worldwide problem increasingly affecting coastal aquifers, exacerbated by climate changes and growing demand of fresh-water. Therefore, research on this topic using both physical and numerical modeling has been intensified, aiming to achieve better predictions of the salt-water wedge evolution and to design suitable countermeasures to its negative effects. This work presents a laboratory facility designed to conduct SWI experiments that can be used as benchmarks for numerical models. To this end, the laboratory facility has been designed to limit errors and provide redundant measurements of hydraulic heads and discharged flow rates. Moreover, the size of the facility allows us to monitor the salt-water wedge evolution by a specifically designed electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring system. To demonstrate the capabilities of the laboratory facility, we carried out a simple 36-h long SWI experiment in a homogeneous porous medium: during the initial 24 h the salt-water wedge evolved without any external forcing, while in the last 12 h, fresh-water was pumped out to simulate aquifer exploitation. The experiment was monitored through ERT and photos of the salt-water wedge collected at regular time intervals. The SUTRA code was used to reproduce the experimental results, by calibrating only the dispersivities. The ERT results show a good correlation with simulated concentrations between the borehole electrodes, the most sensitive zone of the monitored area, demonstrating that ERT can be used for laboratory evaluations of the salt-water evolution. Overall, the agreement between observed data, numerical simulations, and ERT results demonstrates that the proposed laboratory facility can provide valuable benchmarks for future studies of SWI, even in more complex settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt Intrusion in Coastal Areas)
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24 pages, 10998 KiB  
Article
Combined Multilevel Monitoring and Wavelet Transform Analysis Approach for the Inspection of Ground and Surface Water Dynamics in Shallow Coastal Aquifer
by Ivan Lovrinović, Veljko Srzić, Iva Matić and Marin Brkić
Water 2022, 14(4), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040656 - 20 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2289
Abstract
In this paper, we present an approach based on the simultaneous use of multilevel monitoring systems for the ground and surface water and wavelet-based analysis of the time series observed to detect the main mechanisms influencing the water level, electrical conductivity (EC) and [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present an approach based on the simultaneous use of multilevel monitoring systems for the ground and surface water and wavelet-based analysis of the time series observed to detect the main mechanisms influencing the water level, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature (T) in ground and surface water of the river Neretva coastal aquifer system. Although the area of interest is under significant impact of seawater intrusion, the presented approach enabled the insight to transient response of the system to external loadings like precipitation and irrigation system primarily. The capacity of the monitoring system has been demonstrated on two different subareas, respectively, Diga and Jasenska. While the Diga area is shown to be under significant influence of the seawater, the Jasenska area shows sensitivity to precipitation and pumping station (PS) Modric operative regime. Groundwater parameters as observed during dry periods at Jasenska show the presence of stratification. Wavelet-based analysis enabled the determination of the interdependence of the variables of interest as well as their temporal dependence. Determined regimes of the surface water, as found within the Jasenska channel, are additionally supported by the in situ profiling results, thus strengthening the findings of the study. Our findings reflect the capacity of the approach to capture for the stratification of the groundwater parameters induced by seawater intrusion and external loadings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt Intrusion in Coastal Areas)
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21 pages, 13574 KiB  
Article
Determination of Flow Characteristics of Ohashi River through 3-D Hydrodynamic Model under Simplified and Detailed Bathymetric Conditions
by Muhammad Ali Hafeez and Tetsunori Inoue
Water 2021, 13(21), 3076; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213076 - 2 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2290
Abstract
The Ohashi River is a narrow water stream that connects two brackish lakes in Japan. Intermittent saline water intrusion often occurs in Lake Shinji from Lake Nakaumi through Ohashi River. In this study, two approaches were discussed to reproduce the hydrodynamic conditions of [...] Read more.
The Ohashi River is a narrow water stream that connects two brackish lakes in Japan. Intermittent saline water intrusion often occurs in Lake Shinji from Lake Nakaumi through Ohashi River. In this study, two approaches were discussed to reproduce the hydrodynamic conditions of a morphologically complex river. In the first approach, the river sinuosity was straightened. The straightening of the river resulted in a higher flow velocity and water flux coefficient due to the reduction in the flow path and the resistance, and this approach was found to be appropriate for the reproduction of the flow velocity. However, the river shape was visually quite different from the actual river morphology. In the second approach, the prime focus was given to the shape and bathymetry to quantitively reproduce the flowrate of the saline water intrusion. This approach resulted in an underestimation of the flow velocity, which was compensated by increasing the cross-sectional area of the river. A slower flow velocity causes up to a 3-h time lag for the water mass to pass through the Ohashi River, which in principle should affect the temporal variations of the water temperature and salinity. Fortunately, as the typical time scale for water temperature and salinity fluctuations in the Ohashi River is a few days, a 3-h time lag did not cause any problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt Intrusion in Coastal Areas)
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