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59 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,780 Views
29 Pages

21 June 2025

The rapid development of autonomous driving technology has been a key driver for the emergence of driverless delivery vehicles. To promote wider adoption, it is essential to address consumers’ concerns about safety and reliability, leverage psy...

  • Concept Paper
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,122 Views
19 Pages

With the continuous development of Artificial Intelligence technology and Internet of Things engineering, more and more driver-less vehicles have been developed and put into industrial production. The birth of driver-less vehicles undoubtedly brings...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,235 Views
21 Pages

Environment perception technology is the most important part of driverless technology, and driverless vehicles need to realize decision planning and control by virtue of perception feedback. This paper summarizes the most promising technology methods...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,525 Views
26 Pages

Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in Developing Countries: Futurist Insights

  • Nader Zali,
  • Sara Amiri,
  • Tan Yigitcanlar and
  • Ali Soltani

12 November 2022

In recent years, research into autonomous vehicles (AVs) has become highly popular in industrialized nations due to their importance in the future success of smart cities. Research on this mobility technology and the critical elements affecting its d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,967 Views
17 Pages

Cooperative Transmission Mechanism Based on Revenue Learning for Vehicular Networks

  • Mingyang Chen,
  • Haixia Cui,
  • Mingsheng Nie,
  • Qiuxian Chen,
  • Shunan Yang,
  • Yongliang Du and
  • Feipeng Dai

9 December 2022

With the rapid development of science and technology and the improvement of people’s living standards, vehicles have gradually become the main means of travel. The increase in vehicles has also brought about an increasing incidence of car accid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,324 Views
25 Pages

26 November 2022

The capability of ‘demand-responsive transport’, particularly in autonomous shared form, to better facilitate road-based mobility is considered a significant advantage because improved mobility leads to enhanced quality of life and wellbe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
87 Citations
12,914 Views
10 Pages

The advent of autonomous vehicles is forecast to bring enormous changes to the workplace as positions primarily involving driving become progressively redundant. Little is known about public awareness of these impending changes and the potential impa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,697 Views
21 Pages

14 November 2023

Although driverless technology belongs to the frontier of science and technology, there is no sufficient actual data. From the lack of a comprehensive systematic evaluation method of traffic safety under driverless penetration, considering the impact...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,108 Views
24 Pages

10 September 2023

Driverless technology refers to the technology that vehicles use to drive independently with the help of driverless system under the condition of unmanned intervention. The working environment of construction machinery is bad, and the working conditi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,706 Views
17 Pages

15 April 2021

With the development and promotion of driverless technology, researchers are focusing on designing varied types of external interfaces to induce trust in road users towards this new technology. In this paper, we investigated the effectiveness of a mu...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,593 Views
15 Pages

Factors Influencing and Contributing to Perceived Safety of Passengers during Driverless Shuttle Rides

  • Claudia Luger-Bazinger,
  • Cornelia Zankl,
  • Karin Klieber,
  • Veronika Hornung-Prähauser and
  • Karl Rehrl

5 November 2021

This study investigates the perceived safety of passengers while being on board of a driverless shuttle without a steward present. The aim of the study is to draw conclusions on factors that influence and contribute to perceived safety of passengers...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,724 Views
22 Pages

21 March 2023

With the increasing maturity of automatic driving technology, the commercial value of driverless container trucks has been gradually excavated. Compared with social roads, the internal roads in the port area have certain practicing advantages. By tak...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,062 Views
5 Pages

29 December 2021

A simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm allows a mobile robot or a driverless car to determine its location in an unknown and dynamic environment where it is placed, and simultaneously allows it to build a consistent map of that envi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
14,326 Views
20 Pages

A Review of Automobile Brake-by-Wire Control Technology

  • Xuehui Hua,
  • Jinbin Zeng,
  • Haoxin Li,
  • Jingkai Huang,
  • Maolin Luo,
  • Xiaoming Feng,
  • Huiyuan Xiong and
  • Weibin Wu

24 March 2023

Brake-by-wire (BBW) technology is crucial in driverless cars. The BBW technology, which has a faster reaction time and greater stability, can improve passenger safety in driverless cars. BBW technology refers to the removal of some complicated mechan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,202 Views
22 Pages

28 August 2025

The prioritization of user requirements is neglected in most existing interface designs for driverless vehicle systems, which may incur safety risks, fragmented user experiences, development resource wastage, and weakened market competitiveness. Acco...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,581 Views
17 Pages

14 September 2020

Driverless cars, such as those currently operated by Uber and others as well as those being researched and developed by major and niche automobile manufacturers, are expected to dramatically reduce the number of highway fatalities in the coming years...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,658 Views
27 Pages

3 October 2022

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) technology offers a proven solution to the current traffic congestion problems caused by the yearly growth of car ownership. Coping with random lane changes of bypass vehicles under the condition of traffic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
7,732 Views
17 Pages

Why People Are Not Willing to Let Their Children Ride in Driverless School Buses: A Gender and Nationality Comparison

  • Emily C. Anania,
  • Stephen Rice,
  • Scott R. Winter,
  • Mattie N. Milner,
  • Nathan W. Walters and
  • Matthew Pierce

28 February 2018

As driverless vehicles proliferate, it is possible that this technology will be applied in mass transport vehicles. School buses may be suited for autonomous operations as they follow set routes and schedules. However, a research gap exists in whethe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,158 Views
12 Pages

11 October 2019

Progress in advanced vehicular technologies and computer science leads to driverless vehicles becoming a reality. The standard ambulances might be replaced by driverless ambulances operated by an autopilot that provides passengers with a secure regim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,613 Views
14 Pages

How Can Sustainable Public Transport Be Improved? A Traffic Sign Recognition Approach Using Convolutional Neural Network

  • Jingjing Liu,
  • Hongwei Ge,
  • Jiajie Li,
  • Pengcheng He,
  • Zhangang Hao and
  • Michael Hitch

8 October 2022

Sustainable public transport is an important factor to boost urban economic development, and it is also an important part of building a low-carbon environmental society. The application of driverless technology in public transport injects new impetus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,195 Views
12 Pages

27 September 2021

Based on deep neural network multi-task learning technology, lane image detection is studied to improve the application level of driverless technology, improve assisted driving technology and reduce traffic accidents. The lane line database published...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,286 Views
21 Pages

A Point Cloud Data-Driven Pallet Pose Estimation Method Using an Active Binocular Vision Sensor

  • Yiping Shao,
  • Zhengshuai Fan,
  • Baochang Zhu,
  • Jiansha Lu and
  • Yiding Lang

20 January 2023

Pallet pose estimation is one of the key technologies for automated fork pickup of driverless industrial trucks. Due to the complex working environment and the enormous amount of data, the existing pose estimation approaches cannot meet the working r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
11,007 Views
19 Pages

24 July 2015

The vehicular internet will drive the future of vehicular technology and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Whether it is road safety, infotainment, or driver-less cars, the vehicular internet will lay the foundation for the future of road tra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
14,154 Views
17 Pages

Performance Assessment of an Electric Power Steering System for Driverless Formula Student Vehicles

  • Raffaele Manca,
  • Salvatore Circosta,
  • Irfan Khan,
  • Stefano Feraco,
  • Sara Luciani,
  • Nicola Amati,
  • Angelo Bonfitto and
  • Renato Galluzzi

18 July 2021

In the context of automated driving, Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems represent an enabling technology. They introduce the ergonomic function of reducing the physical effort required by the driver during the steering maneuver. Furthermore, EPS g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
4,890 Views
14 Pages

21 November 2019

Based on the Dijkstra algorithm, with the parking parameters in the static state, the shortest route to each parking space of the parking lot without dynamic influence factors can be calculated. In the new technology background of the combination of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
109 Citations
15,958 Views
34 Pages

State of the Art of Automated Buses

  • Jaagup Ainsalu,
  • Ville Arffman,
  • Mauro Bellone,
  • Maximilian Ellner,
  • Taina Haapamäki,
  • Noora Haavisto,
  • Ebba Josefson,
  • Azat Ismailogullari,
  • Bob Lee and
  • Milla Åman
  • + 14 authors

31 August 2018

Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,871 Views
17 Pages

Language of Driving for Autonomous Vehicles

  • Krister Kalda,
  • Simone-Luca Pizzagalli,
  • Ralf-Martin Soe,
  • Raivo Sell and
  • Mauro Bellone

26 May 2022

Environmental awareness and technological advancements for self-driving cars are close to making autonomous vehicles (AV) a reality in everyday scenarios and a part of smart cities’ transportation systems. The perception of safety and trust tow...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
7,458 Views
12 Pages

The Aspects of Artificial Intelligence in Different Phases of the Food Value and Supply Chain

  • Vaida Bačiulienė,
  • Yuriy Bilan,
  • Valentinas Navickas and
  • Lubomir Civín

15 April 2023

The types of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence integration to the food value and supply chain, other technologies embedded with artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence adoption barriers in the food value and supply chain, and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,732 Views
18 Pages

Evaluation of LiDAR for the Free Navigation in Agriculture

  • Matthias Reger,
  • Jörn Stumpenhausen and
  • Heinz Bernhardt

Driverless transport systems (DTS) or automated guided vehicles (AGV) have been part of intralogistics for over six decades. The uniform and structured environment conditions in industrial halls provided the ideal conditions for simple automation, su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,788 Views
21 Pages

The Interface of Privacy and Data Security in Automated City Shuttles: The GDPR Analysis

  • Meriem Benyahya,
  • Sotiria Kechagia,
  • Anastasija Collen and
  • Niels Alexander Nijdam

27 April 2022

The fast evolution and prevalence of driverless technologies has facilitated the testing and deployment of automated city shuttles (ACSs) as a means of public transportation in smart cities. For their efficient functioning, ACSs require a real-time d...

  • Viewpoint
  • Open Access
24 Citations
7,176 Views
15 Pages

A Viewpoint on the Challenges and Solutions for Driverless Last-Mile Delivery

  • Vasiliki Balaska,
  • Kosmas Tsiakas,
  • Dimitrios Giakoumis,
  • Ioannis Kostavelis,
  • Dimitrios Folinas,
  • Antonios Gasteratos and
  • Dimitrios Tzovaras

10 November 2022

The occurring growth in e-commerce comes along with an increasing number of first-time delivery failures due to the customer’s absence at the delivery location. Failed deliveries result in rework, causing a significant impact on the carriers&rs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,500 Views
14 Pages

Analytical and Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Mechanism to Improve the Control Plane in Next-Generation Mobile Networks

  • Jesús Calle-Cancho,
  • David Cortés-Polo,
  • José-Luis González-Sánchez,
  • Luis Ignacio Jiménez and
  • Javier Carmona-Murillo

With the continuous development of mobile communications and the Internet of Things technology, the enhanced network performance can be seen as one of the major challenges in the fourth industrial revolution context, where new services and applicatio...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,337 Views
3 Pages

The advancements in autonomous driving technology are triggering a worldwide disruption to the transportation industry. In the state of Kuwait where people enjoy high financial power, there is a market for introducing a wide range of high-tech vehicl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
7,388 Views
29 Pages

State-of-the-Art of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Automated Vehicles

  • Yilun Chen,
  • Nirajan Shiwakoti,
  • Peter Stasinopoulos and
  • Shah Khalid Khan

30 May 2022

Around 90% of accidents stem from human error. Disruptive technology, especially automated vehicles (AVs), can respond to the problems by, for instance, eradicating human error when driving, thus increasing energy efficiency due to the platoon effect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,771 Views
15 Pages

HPC Platform for Railway Safety-Critical Functionalities Based on Artificial Intelligence

  • Mikel Labayen,
  • Laura Medina,
  • Fernando Eizaguirre,
  • José Flich and
  • Naiara Aginako

7 August 2023

The automation of railroad operations is a rapidly growing industry. In 2023, a new European standard for the automated Grade of Automation (GoA) 2 over European Train Control System (ETCS) driving is anticipated. Meanwhile, railway stakeholders are...

  • Review
  • Open Access
134 Citations
60,284 Views
63 Pages

Connected and Automated Vehicles: Infrastructure, Applications, Security, Critical Challenges, and Future Aspects

  • Memoona Sadaf,
  • Zafar Iqbal,
  • Abdul Rehman Javed,
  • Irum Saba,
  • Moez Krichen,
  • Sajid Majeed and
  • Arooj Raza

Autonomous vehicles (AV) are game-changing innovations that promise a safer, more convenient, and environmentally friendly mode of transportation than traditional vehicles. Therefore, understanding AV technologies and their impact on society is criti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,051 Views
29 Pages

20 August 2024

As we move into the next stages of the technological revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) that is explainable and sustainable is becoming a key goal for researchers across multiple domains. Leveraging the concept of functional connectivity (FC) i...

  • Concept Paper
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,946 Views
21 Pages

20 November 2019

The way we drive, and the transport of today are going through radical changes. Intelligent mobility envisions to improve the efficiency of traditional transportation through advanced digital technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
106 Citations
20,723 Views
17 Pages

7 February 2020

Recent developments in sensor technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), radar, and camera have led to emerging state-of-the-art autonomous systems, such as d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,685 Views
16 Pages

Environmental-Driven Approach towards Level 5 Self-Driving

  • Mohammad Hurair,
  • Jaeil Ju and
  • Junghee Han

12 January 2024

As technology advances in almost all areas of life, many companies and researchers are working to develop fully autonomous vehicles. Such level 5 autonomous driving, unlike levels 0 to 4, is a driverless vehicle stage and so the leap from level 4 to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,428 Views
26 Pages

Acoustic Event Detection in Vehicles: A Multi-Label Classification Approach

  • Anaswara Antony,
  • Wolfgang Theimer,
  • Giovanni Grossetti and
  • Christoph M. Friedrich

19 April 2025

Autonomous driving technologies for environmental perception are mostly based on visual cues obtained from sensors like cameras, RADAR, or LiDAR. They capture the environment as if seen through “human eyes”. If this visual information is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,670 Views
21 Pages

Symbiotic Analysis of Security Assessment and Penetration Tests Guiding Real L4 Automated City Shuttles

  • Meriem Benyahya,
  • Pierre Bergerat,
  • Anastasija Collen and
  • Niels Alexander Nijdam

20 March 2023

The Connected Automated Vehicle (CAV)’s deployment is proof of the wide evolution of autonomous driving technologies enabling vehicles to gradually dispose of their drivers. Within the scope of smart cities, such innovation has given rise to a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,186 Views
29 Pages

1 December 2022

Debates around the future of work have (re-)emerged strongly as concerns about a new era of workplace automation grow from a plethora of narratives estimating the potential of machine substitution. This research aims to analyse how these perspectives...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,338 Views
23 Pages

19 May 2025

The behavior decision control of autonomous vehicles is a critical aspect of advancing autonomous driving technology. However, current behavior decision algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning still face several challenges, such as insufficie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,454 Views
16 Pages

27 February 2023

While the idea of autonomous vehicles has been enthusiastically embraced by scientists and commercial markets alike, ranging from solving the last mile problem across shared economy models in various segments to human transportation logistics, more t...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,288 Views
9 Pages

A Review of Recent Developments in 6G Communications Systems

  • Srikanth Kamath,
  • Somilya Anand,
  • Suyash Buchke and
  • Kaushikee Agnihotri

17 January 2024

Currently, we exist in the 5G division of the wireless technology cycle, where the standardization is complete and deployment is being carried out. However, 5G networks do not have the capacity to deliver an automated and intelligent network that sup...

  • Study Protocol
  • Open Access
23 Citations
9,851 Views
18 Pages

25 October 2022

Traffic light detection and recognition technology are of great importance for the development of driverless systems and vehicle-assisted driving systems. Since the target detection algorithm has the problems of lower detection accuracy and fewer det...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,459 Views
22 Pages

2 January 2025

Autonomous electric vehicle (AEV) services leverage advanced autonomous driving and electric vehicle technologies to provide innovative, driverless transportation solutions. The biggest challenge faced by AEVs is the limited number of charging statio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,603 Views
11 Pages

Reconfigurable Metalens with Phase-Change Switching between Beam Acceleration and Rotation for 3D Depth Imaging

  • Zhiyuan Ma,
  • Siyu Dong,
  • Xiong Dun,
  • Zeyong Wei,
  • Zhanshan Wang and
  • Xinbin Cheng

13 April 2022

Depth imaging is very important for many emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, driverless vehicles and facial recognition. However, all these applications demand compact and low-power systems that are beyond the capabilities of most...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,659 Views
19 Pages

9 May 2022

With the gradual maturity of driverless and automatic parking technologies, electric vehicle charging has been gradually developing in the direction of automation. However, the pose calculation of the charging port (CP) is an important part of realiz...

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