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Keywords = nasal cartilage

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17 pages, 6018 KiB  
Article
The Crooked Nose—Surgical Algorithm in Post-Traumatic Patient—Evaluation of Surgical Sequence
by Marcin Jadczak, Sandra Krzywdzińska, Paweł Rozbicki and Dariusz Jurkiewicz
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010087 - 27 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 790
Abstract
Background: A crooked nose is a challenge for a surgeon performing rhinoplasty. When performed correctly, rhinoseptoplasty aligns the nasal framework, restores nasal patency, and achieves facial symmetry. The key to this procedure is to dissect all the structures of the nasal framework, mobilize, [...] Read more.
Background: A crooked nose is a challenge for a surgeon performing rhinoplasty. When performed correctly, rhinoseptoplasty aligns the nasal framework, restores nasal patency, and achieves facial symmetry. The key to this procedure is to dissect all the structures of the nasal framework, mobilize, reposition, and stabilize them. Aim: This study aims to discuss the quality of life after the rhinoseptoplasty and principles of treating a post-traumatic crooked nose with a view to improving the predictability and reliability of rhinoplasty procedures involving this challenging problem. Methods: The study compared the results of the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) and the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) through statistical analysis. Results: Considering the structural deformities that lead to a crooked nose, the open approach seems to be preferred during a rhinoseptoplasty of a post-traumatic, crooked nose. When reconstructing the nasal septum, it is always necessary to leave the required amount of cartilage to provide nasal support and to secure the septum to the nasal spine. Osteotomies are important for fixing a crooked nose. The preoperative values for ROE were significantly lower before surgery than after surgery (8.7 vs. 20.2), while for SCHNOS, the postoperative values were statistically significantly lower compared to the preoperative values (46.0 vs. 9.1). Conclusions: Properly planned and performed surgery improves the functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients after rhinoseptoplasty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Otolaryngology)
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22 pages, 3596 KiB  
Article
Chondroitin Sulfate Nanovectorized by LC-PUFAs Nanocarriers Extracted from Salmon (Salmo salar) by Green Process with Decreased Inflammatory Marker Expression in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated Primary Human Chondrocytes In Vitro Culture
by Louis Pruvost, Maureen Gerlei, Cédric Paris, Émilie Velot, Cyril J.-F. Kahn, Arnaud Bianchi and Michel Linder
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(12), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120571 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1127
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan, supports health through various physiological functions, including tissue protection, bone growth, and skin aging prevention. It also contributes to anticoagulant or anti-inflammatory processes, with its primary clinical use being osteoarthritis treatment. This study presents the results of the [...] Read more.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan, supports health through various physiological functions, including tissue protection, bone growth, and skin aging prevention. It also contributes to anticoagulant or anti-inflammatory processes, with its primary clinical use being osteoarthritis treatment. This study presents the results of the valorization of lipids and CS, both extracted from salmon co-products through enzymatic processes. The polar lipids, naturally rich in long-chain fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid DHA C22:6 n-3 and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA C20:5 n-3), and the CS, primarily located in the nasal cartilage, were separated and concentrated before being characterized using various techniques to determine functional and lipid composition. These compounds were then used to formulate liposomes of 63 to 95 nm in size composed of 19.38% of DHA and 7.44% of EPA and encapsulating CS extract with a Δdi-4S/Δdi-6S ratio of 0.53 at 2 weight masses (10–30 kDa and >30 kDa) or CS standard all at two different concentrations. Liposomes were tested on human chondrocytes in inflamed conditions. Thus, compatibility tests, the expression of various inflammation markers at transcriptional and molecular levels, nitrites, and the amount of collagenase produced were analyzed. The results showed that CS, in synergy with the liposomes, played a positive role in combating chondrocyte inflammation even at a low concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Agents, 4th Edition)
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12 pages, 4238 KiB  
Article
Salmon Nasal Cartilage-Derived Proteoglycans Alleviate Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats
by Inae Jeong, Jinbum Park, Shinjung Park, Tatuya Wada, Dae Soo Lim and Ok-Kyung Kim
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(11), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22110507 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1622
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone, resulting in pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. This study evaluates the efficacy of salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans in mitigating osteoarthritis symptoms and investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms. [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone, resulting in pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. This study evaluates the efficacy of salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans in mitigating osteoarthritis symptoms and investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study employed a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection. The rats were orally administered salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans or ibuprofen. Key aspects of osteoarthritis pathology, including impaired exercise ability, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and chondrocyte apoptosis, were assessed using histological analysis, micro-CT, treadmill testing, serum assays, and mRNA/protein expression studies. The MIA injection caused significant cartilage damage, reduced bone mineral density, and impaired exercise ability. Additionally, it elevated serum levels of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, increased the mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-related factors, and activated apoptosis signaling pathways in cartilage. Treatment with salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans significantly improved cartilage morphology and mineralization, reduced inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis signaling pathways, with effects comparable to those observed with ibuprofen treatment. These findings highlight the potential of salmon nasal cartilage-derived proteoglycans as a therapeutic agent for managing osteoarthritis by effectively reducing inflammation, preventing cartilage degradation, and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Marine Fish)
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15 pages, 681 KiB  
Review
Human Septal Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current Methodologies and Future Directions
by Tammy B. Pham, Robert L. Sah, Koichi Masuda and Deborah Watson
Bioengineering 2024, 11(11), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11111123 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1595
Abstract
Nasal septal cartilage tissue engineering is a promising and dynamic field with the potential to provide surgical options for patients with complex reconstruction needs and mitigate the risks incurred by other tissue sources. Developments in cell source selection, cell expansion, scaffold creation, and [...] Read more.
Nasal septal cartilage tissue engineering is a promising and dynamic field with the potential to provide surgical options for patients with complex reconstruction needs and mitigate the risks incurred by other tissue sources. Developments in cell source selection, cell expansion, scaffold creation, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have advanced the field in recent years. The usage of medicinal signaling cells and nasal chondroprogenitor cells can enhance chondrocyte proliferation, stimulate chondrocyte growth, and limit chondrocyte dedifferentiate. New scaffolds combined with recent innovations in 3D bioprinting have allowed for the creation of more durable and customizable constructs. Future developments may increase technical accessibility and manufacturability, and lower costs, to help incorporate these methods into pre-clinical studies and clinical applications of septal cartilage tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Regenerative Engineering)
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15 pages, 6733 KiB  
Article
Cartilage Laser Engraving for Fast-Track Tissue Engineering of Auricular Grafts
by Anastas A. Kisel, Vladimir A. Stepanov, Elena V. Isaeva, Grigory A. Demyashkin, Evgeny I. Isaev, Ekaterina I. Smirnova, Elena M. Yatsenko, Grigoriy V. Afonin, Sergey A. Ivanov, Dmitrii A. Atiakshin, Petr V. Shegay, Andrey D. Kaprin, Ilya D. Klabukov and Denis S. Baranovskii
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11538; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111538 - 27 Oct 2024
Viewed by 3023
Abstract
In this study, the optimal engraving parameters were determined through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data, as follows: a laser power density of 5.5 × 105 W/cm2, an irradiation rate of 0.1 mm/s, a well radius of 60 [...] Read more.
In this study, the optimal engraving parameters were determined through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data, as follows: a laser power density of 5.5 × 105 W/cm2, an irradiation rate of 0.1 mm/s, a well radius of 60 μm, a distance between well centers of 200 μm, and a number of passes for each well of 20. After 1 week of in vitro cultivation, chondrocytes were located on the surface of the scaffolds, in the sockets and lacunae of decellularized cartilage. When implanted into animals, both cellular and acellular scaffolds were able to support cartilage in-growth and complete regeneration of the defect without clear boundaries with normal tissue. Nevertheless, the scaffolds populated with cells exhibited superior biocompatibility and were not subject to rejection, in contrast to cell-free constructs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
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7 pages, 1922 KiB  
Case Report
Three-Layer Reconstruction of a Full-Thickness Nasal Alar Defect after Basal-Cell Carcinoma Removal
by Kostadin Gigov, Ivan Ginev, Ivaylo Minev and Petra Kavradzhieva
Reports 2024, 7(3), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports7030075 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1130
Abstract
Restoring the integrity of the external nose presents a complex surgical challenge due to its three-dimensional structure and subunit divisions. The most frequent causes of nasal defects include basal or squamous cell carcinoma, animal bites and trauma. The reconstruction approach varies depending on [...] Read more.
Restoring the integrity of the external nose presents a complex surgical challenge due to its three-dimensional structure and subunit divisions. The most frequent causes of nasal defects include basal or squamous cell carcinoma, animal bites and trauma. The reconstruction approach varies depending on factors such as the defect’s size, the affected subunit of the nose, the condition and quality of the surrounding tissues and the surgeon’s expertise. Commonly employed surgical techniques for nasal reconstruction include the forehead flap, nasolabial flap, Rieger flap, bilobed flap, and free autologous skin graft. We present a clinical case of a patient with a full-thickness nasal alar defect who underwent three-layer reconstruction with a combination of an inverted skin flap- for the internal lining, a conchal graft to substitute the missing alar cartilage and a forehead flap for external coverage. One of the challenges of nasal reconstruction surgery is to restore a full-thickness defect, especially the internal nasal lining. We offer a different perspective on this problem, showcasing considerable advantages, as there are limited literature data on this method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)
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18 pages, 4697 KiB  
Article
Developing a Swallow-State Monitoring System Using Nasal Airflow, Surface Electromyography, and Thyroid Cartilage Movement Detection
by Wann-Yun Shieh, Mohammad Anwar Khan and Ya-Cheng Shieh
Bioengineering 2024, 11(7), 721; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11070721 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1401
Abstract
The safe ingestion of food and water requires appropriate coordination between the respiratory and swallowing pathways. This coordination can be disrupted because of aging or various diseases, thereby resulting in swallowing disorders. No comparative research has been conducted on methods for effectively screening [...] Read more.
The safe ingestion of food and water requires appropriate coordination between the respiratory and swallowing pathways. This coordination can be disrupted because of aging or various diseases, thereby resulting in swallowing disorders. No comparative research has been conducted on methods for effectively screening swallowing disorders in individuals and providing timely alerts to their caregivers. Therefore, the present study developed a monitoring and alert system for swallowing disorders by using three types of noninvasive sensors, namely those measuring nasal airflow, surface electromyography signals, and thyroid cartilage movement. Two groups of participants, one comprising healthy individuals (58 participants; mean age 49.4 years) and another consisting of individuals with a history of unilateral stroke (21 participants; mean age 54.4 years), were monitored when they swallowed five volumes of water. Through an analysis of the data from both groups, seven indicators of swallowing disorders were identified, and the proposed system characterized the individual’s swallowing state as having a green (safe), yellow (unsafe), or red (highly unsafe) status on the basis of these indicators. The results indicated that the symptoms of swallowing disorders are detectable. Healthcare professionals can then use these data to conduct assessments, perform screening, and provide nutrient intake suggestions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosignal Processing)
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13 pages, 2047 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Nasal Contour Landmarks in Septorhinoplasties with Special Regard to the Course of Postoperative Swelling Using a Three-Dimensional Camera
by Katharina Storck, Julia Eufinger, Sebastian Kotz, Carolina Classen and Lucas M. Ritschl
Life 2024, 14(7), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070813 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1718
Abstract
The integration of three-dimensional (3D) cameras into clinical practice for pre-operative planning and post-operative monitoring of rhinoplasties remains controversial. However, this technology offers the advantage of capturing the 3D surface without exposing patients to potentially harmful radiation. Continuous assessment allows the follow-up of [...] Read more.
The integration of three-dimensional (3D) cameras into clinical practice for pre-operative planning and post-operative monitoring of rhinoplasties remains controversial. However, this technology offers the advantage of capturing the 3D surface without exposing patients to potentially harmful radiation. Continuous assessment allows the follow-up of swelling patterns, cartilage alignment, and bone remodeling. The primary objective of our study was to quantify changes in nasal structure before and after rhinoplasty by using 3D photography. Our study cohort consisted of 29 patients who underwent open structural rhinoplasty. We used the Artec Space Spider camera to acquire a total of 103 3D images. We collected pre-operative and at least two or three post-operative follow-up scans, which were taken one, three, and six months after surgery. We evaluated paired scans that included various time intervals to improve our understanding of swelling behavior and to ensure an objective analysis of changes. Eleven specific anatomical landmarks were identified for measurement. Two independent raters determined the distances between these landmarks over time. The calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients showed low inter-rater variability. Statistically significant changes over time (p < 0.05) were observed for various anatomical landmarks, including soft tissue nasion, soft tissue orbitale right, soft tissue maxillofrontale left, soft tissue maxillofrontale right, nasal bridge, and nasal break point. Conversely, no significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in the measurements of soft tissue orbitale left, pronasale, subnasale, alare right, or alare left. A visual assessment was conducted using surface distance maps. The results indicate that the complete decrease in swelling takes at least 6 months or even longer. Additionally, 3D photography can provide an objectively comparable analysis of the face and external contours. Furthermore, it allows for a comparison of external contours and therefore pre- and post-operative differences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Progress and Postoperative Recovery of Rhinoplasty)
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7 pages, 546 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with Outcomes of Facial Reconstruction After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
by Jenny Ji, Nora Alexander, Kwasi Enin and Emily Spataro
Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2024, 17(4), 76; https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875241257981 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 79
Abstract
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To determine patient, defect, and surgical factors associated with facial reconstructive outcomes. Methods: Post-Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) facial reconstructions performed at a single institution between 2015–2020 were reviewed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, defect characteristics, type and timing of [...] Read more.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To determine patient, defect, and surgical factors associated with facial reconstructive outcomes. Methods: Post-Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) facial reconstructions performed at a single institution between 2015–2020 were reviewed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, defect characteristics, type and timing of reconstruction, and postoperative complications and revisions were collected. Data was analyzed with multivariable logistic regressions. Results: 245 defects in 220 patients (median age 66 years, 143 (65%) female) were included. Most were located on the nose (68%), and median size was 3.0 cm2 (IQR 1.32–7.5 cm2). Defect size over 10 cm2 (OR 5.176, 95% CI 1.353–19.808) and two-staged melolabial flaps (OR 4.021, 95% CI 1.525–10.603) were associated with complications after univariate analysis. Nasal tip defects (OR 2.324, 95% CI 1.076–5.019) were associated with minor revisions. Major revisions were associated with nasal sidewall (OR 2.873, 95% CI 1.125–7.336) and tip (OR 2.780, 95% CI 1.145–6.749) defects, ear cartilage grafts (OR 3.373, 95% CI 1.382–8.231), two-staged paramedian forehead flaps (OR 19.273, 95% CI 6.864–54.112), and delayed reconstruction over 14 days (OR 5.727, 95% CI 1.298–25.281). On multivariable analysis, defect size over 10 cm2 (aOR 4.972, 95% CI 1.286–19.073) and two-staged melolabial flaps (aOR 4.575, 95% CI 1.628–12.857) were independently associated with complications, while two-staged paramedian forehead flaps (aOR 14.421, 95% CI 3.976–52.310) were independently associated with major revisions. Conclusions: More complex reconstructions with larger defects and interpolated flaps were associated with revision surgery and complications of facial reconstruction following MMS. Full article
19 pages, 1806 KiB  
Review
A Contemporary Review of Trachea, Nose, and Ear Cartilage Bioengineering and Additive Manufacturing
by Max Feng, Khwaja Hamzah Ahmed, Nihal Punjabi and Jared C. Inman
Biomimetics 2024, 9(6), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9060327 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 4354
Abstract
The complex structure, chemical composition, and biomechanical properties of craniofacial cartilaginous structures make them challenging to reconstruct. Autologous grafts have limited tissue availability and can cause significant donor-site morbidity, homologous grafts often require immunosuppression, and alloplastic grafts may have high rates of infection [...] Read more.
The complex structure, chemical composition, and biomechanical properties of craniofacial cartilaginous structures make them challenging to reconstruct. Autologous grafts have limited tissue availability and can cause significant donor-site morbidity, homologous grafts often require immunosuppression, and alloplastic grafts may have high rates of infection or displacement. Furthermore, all these grafting techniques require a high level of surgical skill to ensure that the reconstruction matches the original structure. Current research indicates that additive manufacturing shows promise in overcoming these limitations. Autologous stem cells have been developed into cartilage when exposed to the appropriate growth factors and culture conditions, such as mechanical stress and oxygen deprivation. Additive manufacturing allows for increased precision when engineering scaffolds for stem cell cultures. Fine control over the porosity and structure of a material ensures adequate cell adhesion and fit between the graft and the defect. Several recent tissue engineering studies have focused on the trachea, nose, and ear, as these structures are often damaged by congenital conditions, trauma, and malignancy. This article reviews the limitations of current reconstructive techniques and the new developments in additive manufacturing for tracheal, nasal, and auricular cartilages. Full article
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17 pages, 3143 KiB  
Article
Nuclear Factor-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide Attenuates Cartilage Resorption In Vitro
by Hitoshi Nemoto, Daisuke Sakai, Deborah Watson and Koichi Masuda
Bioengineering 2024, 11(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010046 - 1 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
Background: Cartilage harvest and transplantation is a common surgery using costal, auricular, and septal cartilage for craniofacial reconstruction. However, absorption and warping of the cartilage grafts can occur due to inflammatory factors associated with wound healing. Transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated [...] Read more.
Background: Cartilage harvest and transplantation is a common surgery using costal, auricular, and septal cartilage for craniofacial reconstruction. However, absorption and warping of the cartilage grafts can occur due to inflammatory factors associated with wound healing. Transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated by the various stimulation such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), and plays a central role in the transactivation of this inflammatory cytokine gene. Inhibition of NF-κB may have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of an NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (Decoy) as a chondroprotective agent. Materials and Methods: Safe and efficacious concentrations of Decoy were assessed using rabbit nasal septal chondrocytes (rNSChs) and assays for cytotoxicity, proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, and PG turnover were carried out. The efficacious concentration of Decoy determined from the rNSChs was then applied to human nasal septal cartilage (hNSC) in vitro and analyzed for PG turnover, the levels of inflammatory markers, and catabolic enzymes in explant-conditioned culture medium. Results: Over the range of Decoy conditions and concentrations, no inhibition of PG synthesis or cytotoxicity was observed. Decoy at 10 μM effectively inhibited PG degradation in the hNSC explant, prolonging PG half-life by 63% and decreasing matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3) by 70.7% (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Decoy may be considered a novel chondroprotective therapeutic agent in cartilage transplantation due to its ability to inhibit cartilage degradation due to inflammation cytokines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Engineering Application)
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10 pages, 2322 KiB  
Article
A Rotation Alar Fold Flap for Cosmetic Nasal Plane Reconstruction: Description of the Technique and Outcome in Three Dogs
by Rosario Vallefuoco, Kadi Ritson, Frances Taylor, Caroline Fina and Alba Maria Bello
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(11), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10110647 - 9 Nov 2023
Viewed by 5828
Abstract
Nasal planum reconstruction is a surgical challenge, and several surgical techniques have been described. The objective of this study was to describe the rotation alar fold flap technique and to report clinical outcomes in a short case series. The feasibility of the technique [...] Read more.
Nasal planum reconstruction is a surgical challenge, and several surgical techniques have been described. The objective of this study was to describe the rotation alar fold flap technique and to report clinical outcomes in a short case series. The feasibility of the technique was first assessed in a canine cadaveric model. The rotation alar fold flap was obtained by a single sharp horizontal incision of the dorsolateral nasal cartilage, preserving the caudal mucosal attachment to the ventral nasal concha. The flap was then rotated ventro-medially for the reconstruction of the ventral aspect of the nasal planum unilaterally or bilaterally. The rotation alar fold flap technique was used following a subtotal or partial planectomy for excision of a squamous cell carcinoma or mast cell tumors in three dogs. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Superficial surgical site infection was reported in two cases and minor dehiscence was reported in one case. However, survival of the flap was not affected. The cosmetic and functional outcomes were considered very satisfactory in all cases. The rotation alar fold flap technique offers a safe, valuable, feasible, functional and aesthetically satisfactory alternative surgical option for selected cases of localized tumor involving the central and ventral planum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery)
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6 pages, 1351 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
In Vivo Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Bilayer Films Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Chitosan for Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery
by Maria Naumenko, Petr Snetkov, Tatiana Gribinichenko, Anna Bervinova, Svetlana Morozkina and Sergei Zhuravskii
Eng. Proc. 2023, 56(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/ASEC2023-15260 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
Septal cartilage defects and tympanic membrane perforations are some of the main challenging clinical problems in modern ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) surgery. Polymer films based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymers seem to represent prospective materials for surgical reconstruction of such defects. In [...] Read more.
Septal cartilage defects and tympanic membrane perforations are some of the main challenging clinical problems in modern ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) surgery. Polymer films based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymers seem to represent prospective materials for surgical reconstruction of such defects. In this study, we present the results of pilot in vivo experiments of the biocompatibility and biodegradability of bilayer films obtained via the casting method from hyaluronic acid (MW = 1300 kDa) and chitosan (500 and 900 kDa) polymer solutions. The total toxicity, pro-inflammatory activity, biodegradation rate and proliferative potential of the connective tissue of the dermis in the implantation area were evaluated on days 7, 14, 30 and 50 after the implantation. The studied samples demonstrated negligible overall acute and chronic toxicity. The influence of the preparation technique as well as the effect of chitosan’s MW on the biodegradation rate are also demonstrated. These bilayer polymer films can be recommended for ENT surgery, in particular for the reconstruction of the nasal septum and tympanic membrane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences)
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12 pages, 2092 KiB  
Article
Usefulness of T2-Weighted Images with Deep-Learning-Based Reconstruction in Nasal Cartilage
by Yufan Gao, Weiyin (Vivian) Liu, Liang Li, Changsheng Liu and Yunfei Zha
Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3044; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193044 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing nasal cartilage using deep-learning-based reconstruction (DLR) fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging in comparison to three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (3D FSPGR) images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 190 set images of 38 participants, [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing nasal cartilage using deep-learning-based reconstruction (DLR) fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging in comparison to three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (3D FSPGR) images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 190 set images of 38 participants, including axial T1- and T2-weighted FSE images using DLR (T1WIDL and T2WIDL, belong to FSEDL) and without using DLR (T1WIO and T2WIO, belong to FSEO) and 3D FSPGR images. Subjective evaluation (overall image quality, noise, contrast, artifacts, and identification of anatomical structures) was independently conducted by two radiologists. Objective evaluation including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was conducted using manual region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis. Coefficient of variation (CV) and Bland–Altman plots were used to demonstrate the intra-rater repeatability of measurements for cartilage thickness on five different images. Results: Both qualitative and quantitative results confirmed superior FSEDL to 3D FSPGR images (both p < 0.05), improving the diagnosis confidence of the observers. Lower lateral cartilage (LLC), upper lateral cartilage (ULC), and septal cartilage (SP) were relatively well delineated on the T2WIDL, while 3D FSPGR showed poorly on the septal cartilage. For the repeatability of cartilage thickness measurements, T2WIDL showed the highest intra-observer (%CV = 8.7% for SP, 9.5% for ULC, and 9.7% for LLC) agreements. In addition, the acquisition time for T1WIDL and T2WIDL was respectively reduced by 14.2% to 29% compared to 3D FSPGR (both p < 0.05). Conclusions: Two-dimensional equivalent-thin-slice T1- and T2-weighted images using DLR showed better image quality and shorter scan time than 3D FSPGR and conventional construction images in nasal cartilages. The anatomical details were preserved without losing clinical performance on diagnosis and prognosis, especially for pre-rhinoplasty planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Imaging)
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22 pages, 2141 KiB  
Review
Achieving Nasal Septal Cartilage In Situ Regeneration: Focus on Cartilage Progenitor Cells
by Chong Zhang, Guanhuier Wang and Yang An
Biomolecules 2023, 13(9), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13091302 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3129
Abstract
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in preventing the collapse of the nasal bones and maintaining the appearance of the nose. In the context of inherent difficulties regarding septal cartilage repair and the shortage of cartilage graft resources for regeneration, tissue [...] Read more.
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in preventing the collapse of the nasal bones and maintaining the appearance of the nose. In the context of inherent difficulties regarding septal cartilage repair and the shortage of cartilage graft resources for regeneration, tissue engineering, especially the in situ strategy based on scaffolds, has become a new prospect and become one of the most promising approaches. Given that it is difficult for chondrocytes to achieve directional migration and secrete matrix components to participate in tissue repair after cartilage injury, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs), with great migratory ability and stem cell characteristics, have caught the attention of researchers and brought hope for nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the distribution, characteristics, isolation, and culture methods of nasal septal CPCs. Subsequently, we described the roles of migratory CPCs in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we reviewed the existing studies on CPCs-based cartilage tissue engineering and summarized the strategies for promoting the migration and chondrogenesis of CPCs so as to provide ideas for achieving nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration. Full article
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