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Antibiotics
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The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota:...
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The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota: Roles in Health and Disease

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 16558

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dóra Szabó

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Interests: microbiology; antibiotics; microbiome; sequencing; fluoroquinolones; colistin; Klebsiella pneumoniae; animal models
Dr. Eszter Ostorházi

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Interests: antibiotics; clinical microbiology; clinical medicine; dermato-venerology; antimicrobial drug development; animal models
Dr. Márió Gajdács

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP); questionnaires; epidemiology; public health; bacteriology; novel antimicrobials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human microbiota is a complex network of microorganisms which plays an important role in the physiological functions of individuals, including maintaining a healthy immune system and facilitating metabolic processes. Since the advent of molecular identification technologies and next-generation sequencing (NGS), new studies have shed light on the possible roles that microbiota composition may play in the development of other illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hormonal disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric illnesses, obesity, and cancer. Thus, maintaining the healthy qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota has emerged as an important concept in human medicine. Nevertheless, many external factors have pronounced influences on the microbiota, and the disrupting effect of the administration of antibiotics on the human microbiota has been extensively characterized in recent years; in addition, pharmacological agents other than antibiotics have also been noted to disrupt microbiota composition. Conversely, there are an increasing number of reports highlighting that distinct microbial communities may facilitate or hinder the efficacy of pharmacological agents when coming into contact with them, e.g., via their enzymatic activation or degradation, which may have considerable consequences on clinical outcomes. Changes in the microbial composition may also act as early indicators or biomarkers of diseases in the future.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to enrich the existing literature regarding this “hot” topic; therefore, original research articles and review papers including, but not limited to, the above-mentioned topics are all welcome.

The topic of this Special Issue fits well into the scope of Antibiotics. When induced as alterations in the microbiota due to disease, antibiotics or other drugs may be associated with long-term consequences and disease manifestations. Further, there is a viable possibility that, in the future, information collected on the microbiota composition from healthy and diseased individuals will be used to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Prof. Dr. Dóra Szabó
Dr. Eszter Ostorházi
Dr. Márió Gajdács
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • gut microbiota
  • drug–microbiota interactions
  • dysbiosis
  • animal models
  • metabolites
  • probiotics and prebiotics
  • sequencing
  • metataxonomy
  • novel therapeutic approaches

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4492 KiB  
Article
Colonization Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Are Dictated by Microbiota-Cluster Group Behavior over Individual Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Metataxonomic Analysis
by János Juhász, Balázs Ligeti, Márió Gajdács, Nóra Makra, Eszter Ostorházi, Ferenc Balázs Farkas, Balázs Stercz, Ákos Tóth, Judit Domokos, Sándor Pongor and Dóra Szabó
Antibiotics 2021, 10(3), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030268 - 7 Mar 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3823
Abstract
Gastrointestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is one of the main risk factors for developing serious, difficult-to-treat infections. Given that there is currently no all-round solution to eliminate colonization with MDR bacteria, it is particularly important to understand the dynamic process of colonization [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is one of the main risk factors for developing serious, difficult-to-treat infections. Given that there is currently no all-round solution to eliminate colonization with MDR bacteria, it is particularly important to understand the dynamic process of colonization to aid the development of novel decolonization strategies. The aim of our present study was to perform metataxonomic analyses of gut microbiota dynamics during colonization with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ECKP) strain in mice; additionally, to ascertain the effects of antibiotic administration (ampicillin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin) on the establishment and elimination of ECKP intestinal colonization. We have found that the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were most dominant in all of the treatment groups; however, Bacteroidetes was more common in the groups treated with antibiotics compared to the control group. Significant differences were observed among the different antibiotic-treated groups in beta but not alpha diversity, implying that the difference is the relative abundance of some bacterial community members. Bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family (including Agathobacter, Anaerostipes, Lachnoclostridium 11308, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group 11318, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group 11319, Roseburia, and Tyzzerella) showed an inverse relationship with the carriage rate of the ECKP strain, whereas members of Enterobacteriaceae and the ECKP strain have shown a correlational relationship. Our results suggest that the composition of the microbial community plays a primary role in the MDR-colonization rate, whereas the antibiotic susceptibility of individual MDR strains affects this process to a lesser extent. Distinct bacterial families have associated into microbial clusters, collecting taxonomically close species to produce survival benefits in the gut. These associations do not develop at random, as they may be attributed to the presence of specific metabolomic networks. A new concept should be introduced in designing future endeavors for MDR decolonization, supplemented by knowledge of the composition of the host bacterial community and the identification of bacterial clusters capable of suppressing or enhancing the invader species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota: Roles in Health and Disease)
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10 pages, 1746 KiB  
Article
Measurement of the Intestinal pH in Mice under Various Conditions Reveals Alkalization Induced by Antibiotics
by Kouki Shimizu, Issei Seiki, Yoshiyuki Goto and Takeshi Murata
Antibiotics 2021, 10(2), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020180 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3836
Abstract
The intestinal pH can greatly influence the stability and absorption of oral drugs. Therefore, knowledge of intestinal pH is necessary to understand the conditions for drug delivery. This has previously been measured in humans and rats. However, information on intestinal pH in mice [...] Read more.
The intestinal pH can greatly influence the stability and absorption of oral drugs. Therefore, knowledge of intestinal pH is necessary to understand the conditions for drug delivery. This has previously been measured in humans and rats. However, information on intestinal pH in mice is insufficient despite these animals being used often in preclinical testing. In this study, 72 female ICR mice housed in SPF (specific pathogen-free) conditions were separated into nine groups to determine the intestinal pH under conditions that might cause pH fluctuations, including high-protein diet, ageing, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, several antibiotic treatment regimens and germ-free mice. pH was measured in samples collected from the ileum, cecum and colon, and compared to control animals. An electrode, 3 mm in diameter, enabled accurate pH measurements with a small amount of gastrointestinal content. Consequently, the pH values in the cecum and colon were increased by high-protein diet, and the pH in the ileum was decreased by PPI. Drastic alkalization was induced by antibiotics, especially in the cecum and colon. The alkalized pH values in germ-free mice suggested that the reduction in the intestinal bacteria caused by antibiotics led to alkalization. Alkalization of the intestinal pH caused by antibiotic treatment was verified in mice. We need further investigations in clinical settings to check whether the same phenomena occur in patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota: Roles in Health and Disease)
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Review

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13 pages, 1191 KiB  
Review
The Influence of the Gut Microbiome in Paediatric Cancer Origin and Treatment
by Viktória Sági, Nóra Makra, Noémi Csoszánszki, Abel Decmann, Dóra Szabó and Miklós Garami
Antibiotics 2022, 11(11), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111521 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1506
Abstract
Knowledge of the complexity of the gut microbiota is expanding, and its importance in physiological processes and disease development is widely studied. The aim of this review is to present the most relevant and recent research on the associations between gut microbiota and [...] Read more.
Knowledge of the complexity of the gut microbiota is expanding, and its importance in physiological processes and disease development is widely studied. The aim of this review is to present the most relevant and recent research on the associations between gut microbiota and oncologic disease. Recently, a number of associations between the gut microbiome and neoplasms—regarding tumorigenesis, prognosis and therapeutic efficacy—have been reported. The effects of the gut microbiome on these processes are via the direct and indirect immunomodulating effects of bacteria. Studies have been done mainly in adult populations, where its effect on immunomodulating therapies was unambiguous. In paediatric populations, however, due to the low number of cases and the complex therapeutic approaches, there have been only a few studies. Among them, children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were mainly involved. Significant alterations in the abundance of certain bacteria were associated with altered therapeutic responses. Regarding solid tumours, studies with low case numbers have been reported; no significant discoveries have been described so far. In the future, studies with larger cohorts are needed in order to better understand the associations between bacteria and neoplasms and to improve prognosis in the paediatric oncologic population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota: Roles in Health and Disease)
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15 pages, 1020 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Probiotics to Eradicate Gut Carriage of Pathogenic or Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacterales
by Yuan-Pin Hung, Ching-Chi Lee, Jen-Chieh Lee, Pei-Jane Tsai, Po-Ren Hsueh and Wen-Chien Ko
Antibiotics 2021, 10(9), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091086 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3252
Abstract
Probiotic supplements have been used to decrease the gut carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales through changes in the microbiota and metabolomes, nutrition competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial proteins. Many probiotics have shown Enterobacterales-inhibiting effects ex vivo and in vivo. In livestock, probiotics [...] Read more.
Probiotic supplements have been used to decrease the gut carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales through changes in the microbiota and metabolomes, nutrition competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial proteins. Many probiotics have shown Enterobacterales-inhibiting effects ex vivo and in vivo. In livestock, probiotics have been widely used to eradicate colon or environmental antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales colonization with promising efficacy for many years by oral supplementation, in ovo use, or as environmental disinfectants. In humans, probiotics have been used as oral supplements for infants to decease potential gut pathogenic Enterobacterales, and probiotic mixtures, especially, have exhibited positive results. In contrast to the beneficial effects in infants, for adults, probiotic supplements might decrease potentially pathogenic Enterobacterales, but they fail to completely eradicate them in the gut. However, there are several ways to improve the effects of probiotics, including the discovery of probiotics with gut-protection ability and antimicrobial effects, the modification of delivery methods, and the discovery of engineered probiotics. The search for multifunctional probiotics and synbiotics could render the eradication of “bad” Enterobacterales in the human gut via probiotic administration achievable in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota: Roles in Health and Disease)
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15 pages, 335 KiB  
Review
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Modifications of the Gut Microbiota in Children with Cancer
by Gianluca Bossù, Riccardo Di Sario, Alberto Argentiero and Susanna Esposito
Antibiotics 2021, 10(2), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020152 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3118
Abstract
In children with cancer, chemotherapy can produce cytotoxic effects, resulting in immunosuppression and an augmented risk of febrile neutropenia and bloodstream infections. This has led to widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis which, combined with intensive chemotherapy treatment, could have a long-term effect on [...] Read more.
In children with cancer, chemotherapy can produce cytotoxic effects, resulting in immunosuppression and an augmented risk of febrile neutropenia and bloodstream infections. This has led to widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis which, combined with intensive chemotherapy treatment, could have a long-term effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome. In this review, we aimed to analyze the current literature about the widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis in children experiencing infectious complications induced by chemotherapy and its effects on the gut microbiome. Our review of the literature shows that antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with cancer is still a trending topic and, at the moment, there are not enough data to define universal guidelines. Children with cancer experience long and painful medical treatments and side effects, which are associated with great economic and social burdens, important psychological consequences, and dysbiosis induced by antibiotics and also by chemotherapy. Considering the importance of a healthy gut microbiota, studies are needed to understand the impact of dysbiosis in response to therapy in these children and to define how to modulate the microbiome to favor a positive therapeutic outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Antibiotics and Various Other Drugs on Microbiota: Roles in Health and Disease)
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