Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic homeostasis is maintained by a tightly regulated balance between energy intake, storage, and utilization. Chronic energy balance surplus results in obesity, leading to the onset of insulin resistance, diabetes, and a variety of metabolic complications. Formerly, the development of these metabolic disturbances was considered to be linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inevitably associated with the onset of oxidative stress. Currently, however, the role of ROS is regarded in a more refined fashion. Indeed, ROS produced in physiological quantities, in a timely and spatially regulated manner, are acknowledged as critical physiological regulators of diverse metabolic processes and cellular functions. NADPH oxidases (NOX-es) and dual oxidases (DUOX-es) belong to a family of enzymes with the primary function of ROS production. NOX/DUOX isoforms are present in tissues with prominent roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis (e.g., liver, muscle, kidney, white and brown adipose tissues, the hypothalamus, and the islets of the pancreas). In several of these tissues, dysregulated NOX/DUOX expression or activation has been associated with disturbed insulin signaling and metabolic function. Due to their tightly-controlled ROS production, NOX/DUOX enzymes elicit high interest in relation to both metabolic health sustainment and the development of metabolic disorders, and are thus considered to be promising pharmaceutical targets in obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes.

The aim of this “Special Issue” is to provide a forum for recent research advances regarding the regulatory function of NOX/DUOX isoforms in the maintenance of metabolic balance and their alterations in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.

Dr. Ildiko Szanto
Guest Editor

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