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Antioxidant Research in Chile

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 10599

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Iturriaga

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Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
Interests: carotid body chemoreceptors; intermittent hypoxia; oxidative stress; inflammation; cardiorespiratory control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chilean scientists produce quality research in several areas of knowledge, including studies related to the science and technology of antioxidants. Indeed, studies performed by Chilean scientists on redox signals, oxidative stress and antioxidants have contributed to the generation of new knowledge in cellular and system physiology, physiopathology, and biomedicine. However, there are other areas that have produced excellent articles focused on economical plants such wine, maqui and berries. Marine biology is another critical area that has contributed to the study of natural antioxidants from algae. This Special Issue of the journal Antioxidants is a magnificent opportunity for the Chilean scientific community to publish their work in a highly visible journal, highlighting their contribution to this area. Therefore, we would like to invite the Chilean scientific community to send their contributions to their special number.

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Iturriaga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

antioxidants
biomedicine
nutrition
oxidative stress

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Amyloid β-Oligomers Inhibit the Nuclear Ca²⁺ Signals and the Neuroprotective Gene Expression Induced by Gabazine in Hippocampal Neurons

by Pedro Lobos, Ignacio Vega-Vásquez, Barbara Bruna, Silvia Gleitze, Jorge Toledo, Steffen Härtel, Cecilia Hidalgo and Andrea Paula-Lima

Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 1972; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111972 - 6 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1422

Abstract

Hippocampal neuronal activity generates dendritic and somatic Ca²⁺ signals, which, depending on stimulus intensity, rapidly propagate to the nucleus and induce the expression of transcription factors and genes with crucial roles in cognitive functions. Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs), the main synaptotoxins engaged in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, generate aberrant Ca²⁺ signals in primary hippocampal neurons, increase their oxidative tone and disrupt structural plasticity. Here, we explored the effects of sub-lethal AβOs concentrations on activity-generated nuclear Ca²⁺ signals and on the Ca²⁺-dependent expression of neuroprotective genes. To induce neuronal activity, neuron-enriched primary hippocampal cultures were treated with the GABA_A receptor blocker gabazine (GBZ), and nuclear Ca²⁺ signals were measured in AβOs-treated or control neurons transfected with a genetically encoded nuclear Ca²⁺ sensor. Incubation (6 h) with AβOs significantly reduced the nuclear Ca²⁺ signals and the enhanced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) induced by GBZ. Likewise, incubation (6 h) with AβOs significantly reduced the GBZ-induced increases in the mRNA levels of neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2), and the antioxidant enzyme NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1). Based on these findings we propose that AβOs, by inhibiting the generation of activity-induced nuclear Ca²⁺ signals, disrupt key neuroprotective gene expression pathways required for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Research in Chile)

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14 pages, 4234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptional Profiling of Human Endothelial Cells Unveils PIEZO1 and Mechanosensitive Gene Regulation by Prooxidant and Inflammatory Inputs

by German A. Arenas, Jose G. Valenzuela, Estefanía Peñaloza, Adolfo A. Paz, Rodrigo Iturriaga, Claudia G. Saez and Bernardo J. Krause

Antioxidants 2023, 12(10), 1874; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101874 - 17 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2325

Abstract

PIEZO1 is a mechanosensitive cation channel implicated in shear stress-mediated endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. Since altered shear stress patterns induce a pro-inflammatory endothelial environment, we analyzed transcriptional profiles of human endothelial cells to determine the effect of altered shear stress patterns and subsequent prooxidant and inflammatory conditions on PIEZO1 and mechanosensitive-related genes (MRG). In silico analyses were validated in vitro by assessing PIEZO1 transcript levels in both the umbilical artery (HUAEC) and vein (HUVEC) endothelium. Transcriptional profiling showed that PIEZO1 and some MRG associated with the inflammatory response were upregulated in response to high (15 dyn/cm²) and extremely high shear stress (30 dyn/cm²) in HUVEC. Changes in PIEZO1 and inflammatory MRG were paralleled by p65 but not KLF or YAP1 transcription factors. Similarly, PIEZO1 transcript levels were upregulated by TNF-alpha (TNF-α) in diverse endothelial cell types, and pre-treatment with agents that prevent p65 translocation to the nucleus abolished PIEZO1 induction. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that p65 bonded to the PIEZO1 promoter region, an effect increased by the stimulation with TNF-α. Altogether this data showed that NF-kappa B activation via p65 signaling regulates PIEZO1 expression, providing a new molecular link for prooxidant and inflammatory responses and mechanosensitive pathways in the endothelium. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Research in Chile)

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18 pages, 1457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Processing of Enriched Pear Slices with Blueberry Juice: Phenolics, Antioxidant, and Color Characteristics

by Siluana Katia Tischer Seraglio, Belkis Sarahí Hernández-Velásquez, Moira Elizabeth Osses-Millar, Bárbara Yolanda Malverde-Muñoz, María Estuardo Guerra-Valle, Constanza Pavez-Guajardo and Jorge Moreno

Antioxidants 2023, 12(7), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071408 - 11 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1092

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of phenolic compound incorporation from blueberry juice into pear slices (PS) using a combination of ohmic heating (OH) and vacuum impregnation (VI), followed by air-drying (AD) or freeze-drying (FD). Our results showed that OH increased the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of blueberry juice, with the optimal OH condition set at 50 °C for 20 min under an electric field of 13 V·cm⁻¹. Furthermore, the combination of VI and OH was efficient in enriching PS with bioactive compounds from blueberry juice (such as cyanidin and epigallocatechin), with the optimal VI/OH condition set at 50 °C for 90 min under an electric field of 7.8 V·cm⁻¹. Moreover, anthocyanin pigments from blueberry juice affected the color parameters of PS by increasing the a* parameter and decreasing the b* and L* parameters. However, both FD and AD (at 40, 50, and 60 °C) negatively affected (p ≤ 0.05) the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Notably, AD at 60 °C showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential for both impregnated and non-impregnated PS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Research in Chile)

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Review

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15 pages, 759 KiB

Open AccessReview

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Monofloral Honeys from Chile

by Erick Poulsen-Silva, Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida, Patricia Velásquez, Felipe M. Llancalahuen, Rodrigo Carvajal, Mauricio Cabaña-Brunod and María Carolina Otero

Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091785 - 21 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

Honey is a mixture of compounds produced by bees that has been appreciated by humanity since the creation of the oldest civilizations. It has multiple uses and can be a highly nutritional and healing substance. It has been used in traditional medicine as a natural alternative for the treatment of diverse clinical conditions. This is due to its reported bioactive properties. The objective of this article is to exhibit and analyze the biological properties of different types of honey originating from Chile based on their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, focusing primarily on recompiling experimental studies made on monofloral honey of plant species present in the Chilean territory. The result of this bibliographical review shows that Chilean honey possesses remarkable bioactive properties, mainly antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, with a few studies on its anti-inflammatory activity. Most of these results were attributed to monofloral honey belonging to ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) and quillay (Quillaja saponaria Molina) plant species. These properties are related to the presence of several bioactive components, such as phenolic components (mainly flavonoids), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), enzymes, proteins, and carbohydrates. The biodiversity of the flora and the environmental conditions of the Chilean territory are responsible for the wide range of bioactive compounds and biological properties found in Chilean honey. Further studies must be made to uncover the medicinal potential of these native honeys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Research in Chile)

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34 pages, 6247 KiB

Open AccessReview

Potential Role of Natural Antioxidants in Countering Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke

by Sofía Orellana-Urzúa, Camilo Briones-Valdivieso, Silvia Chichiarelli, Luciano Saso and Ramón Rodrigo

Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1760; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091760 - 13 Sep 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3487

Abstract

Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion is crucial for tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, it is imperative to explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury to enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidant compounds can counteract the injury mechanisms linked to ROS. While promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account for protective effects against tissue injury by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since the wide spectrum of antioxidants having diverse chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions on cell signaling pathways, multitherapy has emerged as a valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, the combination of antioxidants in multitherapy holds significant potential for synergistic effects. This study was designed with the aim of providing an updated overview of natural antioxidants suitable for preventing myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Research in Chile)

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