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Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020)
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Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020)

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2020) | Viewed by 62065

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Eva M. Rubio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal 12, E28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: machining; lightweight materials (magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys); metal forming technology and processing; sustainable manufacturing; industrial metrology; virtual reality; virtual labs; e-learning; innovation in distance teaching
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ana M. Camacho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal 12, E28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: metal forming (lightweight alloys, advanced high strength steels); additive manufacturing; fused deposition modeling; WAAM; finite element simulation; methodologies for materials selection in manufacturing; virtual labs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the success of the first two editions and encouraged by the Manufacturing Engineering Society (MES), a new edition called “Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020)” is launched as a joint issue of the journals “Materials” and “Applied Sciences”.

The first edition collected 48 contributions on emerging methods and technologies, such as those related to additive manufacturing and 3D printing, advances and innovations in manufacturing processes in different areas (machining, forming, moulding, welding, and non-traditional manufacturing processes), manufacturing systems (machines, equipment and tooling), metrology and quality in manufacturing, product lifecycle management (PLM) technologies and, risks in manufacturing engineering and society.

The second edition, defined as a Joint Special Issue with the aim of covering the wide range of research lines developed by the members and collaborators of the MES and other researchers within the field of Manufacturing Engineering, collected 39 contributions; concretely, 29 in “Materials” and 10 in “Applied Sciences”.

The main objective of the “Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES 2020)” is to publish outstanding papers presenting cutting-edge advances in the field of Manufacturing Engineering, focusing in materials processing, as well as in experimental and theoretical results within applied sciences.

The Special Issue aims to explore the evolution of traditional manufacturing models towards the new requirements of the Manufacturing Industry 4.0 and how manufacturing professionals should face the resulting competitive challenges, in the context of an ever-increasing use of digital information systems and communication technologies.

Contributions on emerging methods and technologies such as those related to additive manufacturing will have special relevance within this special issue, as well as those ones where sustainability and environmental issues play a fundamental role in manufacturing.

The main topics covered by this special issue are scientific contributions on the following manufacturing research topics:

  • Additive manufacturing and 3D printing
  • Advances and innovations in manufacturing processes
  • Sustainable and green manufacturing
  • Micro and nano-manufacturing
  • Manufacturing of new materials
  • Manufacturing systems: machines, equipment and tooling
  • Robotics, mechatronics and manufacturing automation
  • Metrology and quality in manufacturing
  • Industry 4.0
  • Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies
  • Design, modeling and simulation in manufacturing engineering
  • Production planning
  • Manufacturing engineering and Society

The above list is not exhaustive and papers on other topics associated with advances in manufacturing engineering are also welcome.

Especially welcome are all the works with a clear application to the manufacturing field related to nanotechnology and applied nanoscience; optics and lasers; energy savings in manufacturing systems and processes; mechanical engineering; computer science and manufacturing engineering; applied biosciences and bioengineering; applied industrial technologies.

It is our pleasure to invite professionals from Industry, Academic Institutions and Research Centers from around the world to submit their contributions to this Special Issue.

We hope this third edition of the Special Issue is as successful as the first two.

  • Members of the Manufacturing Engineering Society will benefit from a 15% discount (approx. 250 €) on the article processing charges. If you are not a member yet, please find more information on how to join the society (here). Regular individual member fee 75 €/year, student fee 35 €/year.

Prof. Eva M. Rubio
Prof. Ana M. Camacho
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • Additive manufacturing
  • Assembly processes
  • Bioengineering
  • Computer science
  • Digital manufacturing
  • Energy savings
  • Ergonomy
  • Forming
  • Friction
  • Green manufacturing
  • Industrial technologies
  • Industry 4.0
  • Joining
  • Machining
  • Manufacturing automation
  • Manufacturing systems
  • Mechatronics
  • Metrology
  • Micro-manufacturing
  • Modeling and simulation
  • Moulding
  • Nano-manufacturing
  • Non-traditional manufacturing processes
  • Optics and lasers
  • Processing of materials
  • Product Lifecycle Management
  • Production planning
  • Quality in manufacturing
  • Robotics
  • Safety and risks
  • Smart manufacturing
  • Sustainable manufacturing
  • Technological and Industrial Heritage
  • Virtual manufacturing
  • Wear
  • Welding

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 1252 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020)
by Ana María Camacho and Eva María Rubio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 5975; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135975 - 27 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1340
Abstract
The Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020) has been launched as a joint issue of the journals “Materials” and “Applied Sciences”. The 14 contributions published in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences present cutting-edge advances in the field of Manufacturing [...] Read more.
The Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020) has been launched as a joint issue of the journals “Materials” and “Applied Sciences”. The 14 contributions published in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences present cutting-edge advances in the field of Manufacturing Engineering focusing on advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; additive manufacturing and 3D printing; manufacturing of new materials; Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies; robotics, mechatronics and manufacturing automation; Industry 4.0; design, modeling and simulation in manufacturing engineering; manufacturing engineering and society; and production planning. Among them, the topic “Manufacturing engineering and society” collected the highest number of contributions (representing 22%), followed by the topics “Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies”, “Industry 4.0”, and “Design, modeling and simulation in manufacturing engineering” (each at 14%). The rest of the topics represent the remaining 35% of the contributions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

21 pages, 5448 KiB  
Article
Development of a Maintenance and Spare Parts Distribution Model for Increasing Aircraft Efficiency
by Sergio Gallego-García, Javier Gejo-García and Manuel García-García
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031333 - 02 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5208
Abstract
Maintenance management plays a key role in many industries, as maintenance determines the availability of systems, influences their lifespan, impacts customer satisfaction, and as a result affects overall investment profitability. In this context, the aviation industry seeks models to improve efficiency. Researchers seek [...] Read more.
Maintenance management plays a key role in many industries, as maintenance determines the availability of systems, influences their lifespan, impacts customer satisfaction, and as a result affects overall investment profitability. In this context, the aviation industry seeks models to improve efficiency. Researchers seek to provide conceptual models that help to shape the industry’s operations. Spare parts management plays a fundamental role in aviation, considering the predominance of planned maintenance. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the distribution network design for spare parts management and the fixed and dynamic planned maintenance intervals on the overall efficiency of an aircraft fleet. We present a conceptual model considering a variety of topics, such as distribution network design, that have been managed to a limited extent based on maintenance management. A simulation model was developed by applying the conceptual model for the aviation industry considering an aircraft fleet over its whole life cycle. The simulation model provides results concerning the impact of the distribution network, maintenance intervals, and other key factors on the efficiency of the aircraft fleet. The simulation enables a comparison of different distribution networks and maintenance strategies to decide which of them is the best fit for each spare part. The approach we propose enables companies and managers to make decisions informed by a centralized tool with all the relevant factors concerning the maintenance management of an aircraft fleet over its life cycle. As a result, managers are provided with a conceptual and simulation model for the assessment of future what-if scenarios based on aggregated databases from multiple sources without delays and with a dynamic vision of the relevant relationships between factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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18 pages, 12127 KiB  
Article
Improved Application of Hyperspectral Analysis to Rock Art Panels from El Castillo Cave (Spain)
by Vicente Bayarri, Elena Castillo, Sergio Ripoll and Miguel A. Sebastián
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031292 - 01 Feb 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3009
Abstract
Rock art is one of the most fragile and relevant cultural phenomena in world history, carried out in shelters or the walls and ceilings of caves with mineral and organic substances. The fact it has been preserved until now can be considered as [...] Read more.
Rock art is one of the most fragile and relevant cultural phenomena in world history, carried out in shelters or the walls and ceilings of caves with mineral and organic substances. The fact it has been preserved until now can be considered as fortunate since both anthropogenic and natural factors can cause its disappearance or deterioration. This is the reason why rock art needs special conservation and protection measures. The emergence of digital technologies has made a wide range of tools and programs available to the community for a more comprehensive documentation of rock art in both 2D and 3D. This paper shows a workflow that makes use of visible and near-infrared hyperspectral technology to manage, monitor and preserve this appreciated cultural heritage. Hyperspectral imaging is proven to be an efficient tool for the recognition of figures, coloring matter, and state of conservation of such valuable art. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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16 pages, 3816 KiB  
Article
Aspects of Industrial Design and Their Implications for Society. Case Studies on the Influence of Packaging Design and Placement at the Point of Sale
by Juárez-Varón David, Mengual-Recuerda Ana, Ferrándiz-Bou Santiago and Alarcón-Valero Faustino
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020517 - 07 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4598
Abstract
Manufacturing engineering is responsible for the design, development and improvement of production systems that convert raw materials into finished products. Each product is designed to be sold to numerous potential consumers, so the importance of the stimuli surrounding the product in packaging, and [...] Read more.
Manufacturing engineering is responsible for the design, development and improvement of production systems that convert raw materials into finished products. Each product is designed to be sold to numerous potential consumers, so the importance of the stimuli surrounding the product in packaging, and at the point of sale, cannot be underestimated. The environmental, social, and ethical commitments of industrial design (and their implications in manufacturing) are establishing universal principles in a common effort to foster a more harmonious and sustainable society. This work aims to analyse, through eye tracking biometric techniques, the level of saturation of information generated by the concentration of stimuli in packaging and the retail channel, possibly creating a lower level of attention towards the product itself. This research confirms that every product associated with a manufacturing process seeks to respond to a need, so the associated responsibility is significant. This would suggest that designers incorporate knowledge from multiple fields, including marketing strategies, design, research and development, basic knowledge related to production, integration management and communication skills. More than 50% of consumer attention is dedicated to other elements/items that accompany the product, so it is important to consider this in the design phase. The results can be used to improve efficiency in both generating product attention, and stimulus design for the purchasing process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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14 pages, 5675 KiB  
Article
The Upper Bound Theorem in Forging Processes: Model of Triangular Rigid Zones on Parts with Horizontal Symmetry
by Francisco Martín, María Jesús Martín and María José Cano
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010336 - 31 Dec 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
This paper presents the analytical method capacity of the upper bound theorem, under modular approach, to extend its application possibilities. Traditionally, this method has been applied in forging processes, considering plane strain condition and parts with double symmetry configuration. However, in this study, [...] Read more.
This paper presents the analytical method capacity of the upper bound theorem, under modular approach, to extend its application possibilities. Traditionally, this method has been applied in forging processes, considering plane strain condition and parts with double symmetry configuration. However, in this study, the double symmetry is eliminated by means of a fluency plane whose position comes from the center of mass calculated. The study of the load required to ensure the plastic deformation will be focus on the profile of the part, independently on both sides of the fluence plane, modifying the number and the shape of the modules that form the two halves in which the part is defined. This way, it is possible to calculate the necessary load to cause the plastic deformation, whatever its geometric profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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25 pages, 6431 KiB  
Article
Predictive Sales and Operations Planning Based on a Statistical Treatment of Demand to Increase Efficiency: A Supply Chain Simulation Case Study
by Sergio Gallego-García and Manuel García-García
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010233 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4604
Abstract
Forecasting is the basis for planning. Good planning is based on a good prediction of what is going to happen to prepare a company, a department, and their environments for certain future developments and their intermediate states. In this context, resources are allocated [...] Read more.
Forecasting is the basis for planning. Good planning is based on a good prediction of what is going to happen to prepare a company, a department, and their environments for certain future developments and their intermediate states. In this context, resources are allocated to these future states in the most efficient way, given a certain set of resource conditions. Although market volatility demands the high adaptability of companies’ operations, dynamic planning is still not widespread. As a result, the alignment of planning processes with potential scenarios is not given, leading to a lack of solution preparation in the long term, suboptimal decision-making in the medium term, and corrective measures in the short term, with higher costs and a lower service level. Therefore, the aim of this research is to propose a predictive approach that will help managers develop sales and operations planning (S&OP) with higher accuracy and stability. For this purpose, a methodology combining demand scenarios, statistical analysis of the demand, forecasting techniques, random number generation, and system dynamics was developed. The goal of this predictive S&OP is to predict the supply chain system’s behavior to generate plans that prevent potential inefficiencies, thereby avoiding corrective measures. In addition, to assess the methodology, the model is applied in the software Vensim, for an automotive producer´s supply chain, to compare the predictive S&OP model with a classical approach. The results show that the proposed predictive approach can increase a manufacturer’s efficiency by increasing its adaptability through the identification of potential inefficiencies and can also be used to prepare solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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12 pages, 2506 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Circularity of Recycled PLA Filaments for 3D Printers
by Victor Gil Muñoz, Luisa M. Muneta, Ruth Carrasco-Gallego, Juan de Juanes Marquez and David Hidalgo-Carvajal
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8967; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248967 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3006
Abstract
The circular economy model offers great opportunities to companies, as it not only allows them to capture additional value from their products and materials, but also reduce the fluctuations of price-related risks and material supply. These risks are present in all kind of [...] Read more.
The circular economy model offers great opportunities to companies, as it not only allows them to capture additional value from their products and materials, but also reduce the fluctuations of price-related risks and material supply. These risks are present in all kind of businesses not based on the circular economy. The circular economy also enables economic growth without the need for more resources. This is because each unit has a higher value as a result of recycling and reuse of products and materials after use. Following this circular economics framework, the Polytechnic University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM) has adopted strategies aimed at improving the circularity of products. In particular, this article provides the result of obtaining recycled PLA filament from waste originating from university 3D FFF (fused filament fabrication) printers and waste generated by “Coronamakers” in the production of visors and parts for PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment) during the lockdown period of COVID-19 in Spain. This filament is used in the production of 3D printed parts that university students use in their classes, so the circular loop is closed. The obtained score of Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) of this material has been calculated, indicating its high level of circularity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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18 pages, 3946 KiB  
Article
A New Approach to the Consideration and Analysis of Critical Factors in Robotic Machining
by Iván Iglesias Sánchez, José Enrique Ares, Cristina González Gaya and Victor Rosales Prieto
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8885; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248885 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2619
Abstract
The relative low stiffness of industrial robots is a major limitation on the development of flexible and reconfigurable systems in applications in which process forces and vibration lead into significant tool path deviations with respect to the programmed path as in the case [...] Read more.
The relative low stiffness of industrial robots is a major limitation on the development of flexible and reconfigurable systems in applications in which process forces and vibration lead into significant tool path deviations with respect to the programmed path as in the case of robotic machining. This paper presents a novel factorial procedure that allows for the preliminary study of the main conditions in robotic machining operations and it determines the critical factors that are affecting the machining path of any robotic cell in order to obtain the process conditions with lower path deviations. In this procedure the most influential robotic machining constraints were identified and classified, the factorial design of experiments was used to enable the execution of the experimental tests and the machining tool path deviation predictive methodology (PREMET) was used to determine the cutting tool path deviation between the programmed and the experimental path as a function of the process variables. Experimental trials have been carried out in order to determine the main factors that affect the robotic machining and influence the main constraints of the process, showing a reduction greater than a 36% of the cutting tool path deviation in groove milling of aluminum. The critical factors identified in order of importance are: hardness of the material, location of the workpiece, orientation of milling head relative to working direction and cutting conditions. This procedure can be extended to future factorial studies to improve the precision of robotic machining (in operations such as face milling, contouring, pocketing) and to establish design criteria for machining robotic cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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21 pages, 4203 KiB  
Article
Graphic Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Study of Industrial Heritage Assets
by Sergio Martín-Béjar, Juan Claver, Miguel A. Sebastián and Lorenzo Sevilla
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8821; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248821 - 09 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2333
Abstract
As a typology of cultural heritage, a wide range of singularities must to be taken into account when analysing industrial heritage assets. Graphical resources have been usually employed in heritage assets research. Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer the possibility to obtain images [...] Read more.
As a typology of cultural heritage, a wide range of singularities must to be taken into account when analysing industrial heritage assets. Graphical resources have been usually employed in heritage assets research. Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer the possibility to obtain images of complex and difficult access areas that cannot be observed on the ground. Furthermore, aerial images allow to analyse heritage assets as a whole. Therefore, in this work, different photographs and videos has been carried out in the San Joaquin sugar cane factory and in the Aguila aqueduct, located in Nerja (Spain). These images have been used to analyse both assets as a set. Different indirect measurements on the factory chimney and irrigation water pond were taken. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) about the use of UAV graphic applications in heritage assets was developed. Finally, the possibilities of conventional photograph technologies and UAV application were compared. Using UAVs allows more image acquisition possibilities than conventional systems. However, both technologies can be complemented and applied together when analysing heritage assets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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31 pages, 2729 KiB  
Article
Market-Oriented Procurement Planning Leading to a Higher Service Level and Cost Optimization
by Sergio Gallego-García and Manuel García-García
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8734; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238734 - 06 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4422
Abstract
The current global market situation pursues high adaptability, but why? Complexity due to mass customization is greater than ever. Globalization is no longer a theory but a fact that makes disruptions in the globalized supply chain a major risk for operations. In this [...] Read more.
The current global market situation pursues high adaptability, but why? Complexity due to mass customization is greater than ever. Globalization is no longer a theory but a fact that makes disruptions in the globalized supply chain a major risk for operations. In this context, customers demand novelty and unique experiences. These are the main drivers for market success. Therefore, existing products are now in continuous states of change with shortened product lifecycles. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of new market entries and product changes along the lifecycle as well as supply chain disruptions in supplier inventory levels. The goal is to minimize costs by achieving a given service level with a market-oriented procurement planning model. The model pursues minimizing the time needed to align the system with the market and, therefore, the adaptability of the system. The research compares classical inventory management models with the new proposed approach by means of simulation with the system dynamics methodology. The results show how the proposed model increased the delivery service level, reduced inventory costs, and increased the utilization of resources due to lower demand uncertainty. Therefore, the developed model is able to plan the inventory supply with a low risk of stock outages. The conclusion proposes a differentiated forecasting and inventory strategy depending on the product lifecycle stage. The developed market-oriented procurement planning model provides guidance for inventory managers regarding how to optimize their operations as an opportunity within the fourth industrial revolution to develop information technology (IT) systems to gather and utilize demand and inventory data with real-time efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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20 pages, 3211 KiB  
Article
Thicknesses/Roughness Relationship in Mg-Al-Mg and Mg-Ti-Mg Hybrid Component Plates for Drilled Aeronautical Lightweight Parts
by David Blanco, Eva María Rubio, José Manuel Sáenz de Pipaón and Marta María Marín
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8208; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228208 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2369
Abstract
Multimaterial hybrid compounds formed from lightweight structural materials have been acquiring great importance in recent years in the aeronautical and automotive sectors, where they are replacing traditional materials to reduce the mass of vehicles; this will enable either an increase in the action [...] Read more.
Multimaterial hybrid compounds formed from lightweight structural materials have been acquiring great importance in recent years in the aeronautical and automotive sectors, where they are replacing traditional materials to reduce the mass of vehicles; this will enable either an increase in the action ratio or a reduction in the fuel consumption of vehicles and, in short, will lead to savings in transport costs and a reduction in polluting emissions. Besides, the implementation of production and consumption models based on the circular economy is becoming more and more important, where the repair and, for this purpose, the use of recyclable materials, is crucial. In this context, the analysis of a repair process is carried out by re-drilling Mg-Al-Mg multimaterial components using experimental design (DoE) based on Taguchi methodology, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics. The study concludes which are the significant factors and interactions of the process, comparing the results with previous similar studies, and establishing bases to determine the optimum thicknesses of hybrid magnesium-based component plates of drilled parts in the aeronautical industry, guaranteeing surface roughness requirements in repair and maintenance operations throughout their lifetime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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17 pages, 9800 KiB  
Article
Effect of Process Parameters and Definition of Favorable Conditions in Multi-Material Extrusion of Bimetallic AZ31B–Ti6Al4V Billets
by Daniel Fernández, Alvaro Rodríguez-Prieto and Ana María Camacho
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8048; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228048 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2681
Abstract
This paper investigates the extrusion process to manufacture bimetallic cylinders combining a magnesium alloy core (AZ31B) and a titanium alloy sleeve (Ti6Al4V) of interest in aeronautical applications. A robust finite element model has been developed to determine the most influential parameters and to [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the extrusion process to manufacture bimetallic cylinders combining a magnesium alloy core (AZ31B) and a titanium alloy sleeve (Ti6Al4V) of interest in aeronautical applications. A robust finite element model has been developed to determine the most influential parameters and to study the effect of them on the extrusion force and damage induced by means of Design of Experiments (DOE) and Taguchi method. The results show that the most influential parameters in the extrusion forces are the friction between sleeve and container/die and the height of the cylinder; and the less influential ones are the process temperature and ram speed. Moreover, minimum values of forces along with low damage can be reached by favorable interface contact conditions, minimizing the friction at the core-container/die interface, as the main influencing factor; followed by the geometrical dimensions of the billet, being the billet height more important when paying attention to the minimum forces, and being the core diameter when considering the minimum damage as the most important criterion. The results can potentially be used to improve the efficiency of this kind of extrusion process and the quality of the extruded part that, along with the use of lightweight materials, can contribute to sustainable production approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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18 pages, 1467 KiB  
Article
Proposal and Application of a Methodology to Improve the Control and Monitoring of Complex Hydroelectric Power Station Construction Projects
by Paul Urgiles, Miguel A. Sebastian and Juan Claver
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7913; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217913 - 08 Nov 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2795
Abstract
All complex projects take place in environments of great uncertainty. Maintaining a monitoring and control system from the early stages of execution is a critical factor in the success of this type of project. Large hydroelectric power station construction projects are regarded as [...] Read more.
All complex projects take place in environments of great uncertainty. Maintaining a monitoring and control system from the early stages of execution is a critical factor in the success of this type of project. Large hydroelectric power station construction projects are regarded as highly complex because they are affected by factors such as the risks inherent in a variety of fields of engineering, geology and the environment, the long execution times, and the large number of multidisciplinary activities to be carried out in parallel, among others. These types of projects are commonly affected by cost overruns and delays. This work develops a methodology for the monitoring and control of complex construction projects in the hydroelectric sector that enables a periodical calculation of metrics for physical progress, financial progress, and predictions for costs and durations on completion of the project. The verification of the efficiency of this methodology was based on stochastic simulation models applied to real projects in the hydropower sector. The results showed that the proposed methodology improved efficiency compared with existing traditional methodologies. The proposed methodology allows the simultaneous consideration of costs, deadlines, criticality, and risks of the activities of the analyzed projects and also incorporates multicriteria decision techniques to manage the influence of key aspects during the development of the project. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

17 pages, 8139 KiB  
Review
Industry 4.0 Roadmap: Implementation for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
by Alberto Cotrino, Miguel A. Sebastián and Cristina González-Gaya
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8566; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238566 - 30 Nov 2020
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 11154
Abstract
The Industry 4.0 era has resulted in several opportunities and challenges for the manufacturing industry and for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME); technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR) or Cloud Computing are changing business structures in profound ways. [...] Read more.
The Industry 4.0 era has resulted in several opportunities and challenges for the manufacturing industry and for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME); technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR) or Cloud Computing are changing business structures in profound ways. A literature review shows that most large-sized enterprises have rolled out investment plans, some of which are reviewed during this research and show that Industry 4.0 investments in such companies exceed the turnover of SMEs in all cases (<€50 million), which makes access to those technologies by SMEs very difficult. The research has also identified two gaps: firstly, the recent literature review fails to address the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in SMEs from a practical viewpoint; secondly, the few existing roadmaps for the implementation of Industry 4.0 lack a focus on SMEs. Furthermore, SMEs do not have the resources to select suitable technologies or create the right strategy, and they do not have the means to be fully supported by consultancies. To this end, a simple six-step roadmap is proposed that includes real implementations of Industry 4.0 in SMEs. Our results show that implementing Industry 4.0 solutions following the proposed roadmap helps SMEs to select appropriate technologies. In addition, the practical examples shown across this work demonstrate that SMEs can access several Industry 4.0 technologies with low-cost investments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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37 pages, 4360 KiB  
Review
Lean Manual Assembly 4.0: A Systematic Review
by Adrian Miqueo, Marta Torralba and José A. Yagüe-Fabra
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8555; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238555 - 29 Nov 2020
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 8392
Abstract
In a demand context of mass customization, shifting towards the mass personalization of products, assembly operations face the trade-off between highly productive automated systems and flexible manual operators. Novel digital technologies—conceptualized as Industry 4.0—suggest the possibility of simultaneously achieving superior productivity and flexibility. [...] Read more.
In a demand context of mass customization, shifting towards the mass personalization of products, assembly operations face the trade-off between highly productive automated systems and flexible manual operators. Novel digital technologies—conceptualized as Industry 4.0—suggest the possibility of simultaneously achieving superior productivity and flexibility. This article aims to address how Industry 4.0 technologies could improve the productivity, flexibility and quality of assembly operations. A systematic literature review was carried out, including 234 peer-reviewed articles from 2010–2020. As a result, the analysis was structured addressing four sets of research questions regarding (1) assembly for mass customization; (2) Industry 4.0 and performance evaluation; (3) Lean production as a starting point for smart factories, and (4) the implications of Industry 4.0 for people in assembly operations. It was found that mass customization brings great complexity that needs to be addressed at different levels from a holistic point of view; that Industry 4.0 offers powerful tools to achieve superior productivity and flexibility in assembly; that Lean is a great starting point for implementing such changes; and that people need to be considered central to Assembly 4.0. Developing methodologies for implementing Industry 4.0 to achieve specific business goals remains an open research topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020))
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