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Behavioral Sciences
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Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers
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Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Social Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 9829

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Interests: clinical and health psychology; mental health
Dr. Clara González-Sanguino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: clinical and health psychology; mental health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Healthcare workers are exposed to high levels of workload (before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic). This leads to affective reactions such as stress, anxiety, and depression, most of the time as adaptative and transient responses. However, relevant proportions of healthcare workers suffer clinically significant mental health problems and especially relevant work-related syndromes such as burnout. Therefore, this Special Issue will cover a wide range of study designs to further the affective impact of professional activity among healthcare workers. In particular, we welcome sound theoretical (systematic reviews or meta-analysis) and/or empirical contributions, from qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods designs, including observational, interventional (RCT or nonrandomized trials) and assessment studies (e.g., validation of new instruments) that focus on this population.

Dr. Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez
Dr. Clara González-Sanguino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Behavioral Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stress
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • healthcare workers
  • burnout

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 313 KiB  
Article
A Burnt-Out Health: Stigma towards Mental Health Problems as a Predictor of Burnout in a Sample of Community Social Healthcare Professionals
by Sara Zamorano, Clara González-Sanguino, Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez and Manuel Muñoz
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090812 - 13 Sep 2024
Viewed by 913
Abstract
Burnout is a primary psychosocial risk factor in the workplace. Mental health stigma, which includes negative cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, also undermines the performance of social healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore the levels of burnout in a sample of community social [...] Read more.
Burnout is a primary psychosocial risk factor in the workplace. Mental health stigma, which includes negative cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, also undermines the performance of social healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore the levels of burnout in a sample of community social healthcare workers as well as its relationships with variables such as stigma towards mental health problems, professional skills, and job characteristics. An online assessment was conducted with 184 social healthcare professionals (75.5% female, mean age = 40.82 years, SD = 9.9). Medium levels of burnout and stigma and high levels of professional skills were observed. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that stigma towards mental health problems and professional skills predicted emotional exhaustion (R2 = 0.153, F(4, 179) = 9.245, p < 0.001), depersonalization (R2 = 0.213, F(3, 180) = 17.540, p < 0.001), and personal accomplishment (R2 = 0.289, F(5, 178) = 15.87, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that social healthcare systems could benefit from taking care of the mental health of their workers by addressing burnout, tackling negative attitudes towards mental health problems, and providing professional skills training. This would help to make social healthcare systems more inclusive and of higher quality, thereby reducing health costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
13 pages, 462 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Burnout Levels on Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience
by Ömer Turunç, Abdullah Çalışkan, İrfan Akkoç, Özlem Köroğlu, Güney Gürsel, Ayhan Demirci, Köksal Hazır and Neslihan Özcanarslan
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090782 - 6 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1024
Abstract
Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout levels among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, turnover intention, and the mediating role of psychological resilience. Methods: This survey design was used to collect data from 228 ICU nurses from hospitals in Turkey. [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout levels among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, turnover intention, and the mediating role of psychological resilience. Methods: This survey design was used to collect data from 228 ICU nurses from hospitals in Turkey. The study utilized self-report questionnaires to measure burnout levels, turnover intention, and psychological resilience. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results: In the study, a positive relationship between burnout and turnover intention and burnout and psychological resilience is significant (p ≤ 0.001). However, psychological resilience was not found to have a mediating role, indicating that other factors or variables may play a more substantial role in the relation found between burnout and turnover intention. Also, the research model’s Standardized Root Mean Square Residual is expected to be less than 0.10 for the model to have an acceptable fit. Conclusion: The findings suggest that levels of burnout among ICU nurses may have significant consequences on turnover intention. However, promoting resilience cannot help diminish the negative effects of burnout on turnover intention. The findings highlight the importance of burnout levels in nursing by synthesizing findings from the previous literature. Then, focusing on the concepts of turnover intention and psychological resilience, it explains the importance of these concepts in the Intensive Care Unit nurses and their relationships with each other. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
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23 pages, 791 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship between Surface Acting, Job Stress, and Emotional Exhaustion in Health Professionals: The Moderating Role of LMX
by Ibrahim Yikilmaz, Lutfi Surucu, Ahmet Maslakci, Alper Bahadir Dalmis and Emete Toros
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080637 - 25 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
Rapid organizational changes due to technological advancements, high-efficiency expectations, and uncertainties, particularly in healthcare, have led to a global stress epidemic among em-ployees. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving workplace practices. Surface acting, or the suppression and faking of [...] Read more.
Rapid organizational changes due to technological advancements, high-efficiency expectations, and uncertainties, particularly in healthcare, have led to a global stress epidemic among em-ployees. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving workplace practices. Surface acting, or the suppression and faking of emotions, significantly contributes to this stress and burnout, impacting not only individual healthcare professionals but also healthcare systems’ overall effectiveness and sustainability. Providing adequate resources in high-demand work environments is, thus, essential to mitigate these negative experiences. Leader–member exchange (LMX) can play a pivotal role in understanding and addressing the needs and expectations of healthcare professionals. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR), Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), Social Exchange theories, and Grandey’s Emotional Regulation Model, this study analyzed data from a convenience sample of 350 healthcare professionals. The results reveal that surface acting intensifies healthcare professionals’ experiences of job stress and emotional exhaustion. Notably, the study empirically demonstrated that high levels of LMX in healthcare professionals’ relationships with their leaders can mitigate the impact of surface acting on job stress and emotional exhaustion. These findings offer valuable insights for managers and policymakers, highlighting the importance of LMX in maintaining sustainable management practices in complex and stressful healthcare organizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
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24 pages, 1202 KiB  
Article
Mitigating Job Burnout in Jordanian Public Healthcare: The Interplay between Ethical Leadership, Organizational Climate, and Role Overload
by Kayed Al’Ararah, Dilber Çağlar and Hasan Yousef Aljuhmani
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14060490 - 11 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1524
Abstract
In today’s dynamic organizational landscape, characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving workplace dynamics, understanding the factors influencing employee well-being is paramount. This study investigates the interplay between ethical leadership, organizational climate, role overload, and job burnout in public healthcare organizations across northern [...] Read more.
In today’s dynamic organizational landscape, characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving workplace dynamics, understanding the factors influencing employee well-being is paramount. This study investigates the interplay between ethical leadership, organizational climate, role overload, and job burnout in public healthcare organizations across northern Jordan. By focusing on ethical leadership, organizational climate, and role overload as determinants of job burnout, this research provides insights into strategies for enhancing employee well-being. Drawing on ethical leadership theory, social exchange theory, and the job demands–resources model, this study employs PLS-SEM to analyze data collected from 260 employees working in Jordanian government hospitals. The findings reveal negative associations between ethical leadership and job burnout, highlighting the importance of ethical leadership behaviors in mitigating employee burnout. Additionally, a positive organizational climate is associated with lower levels of burnout, underscoring the impact of the broader organizational context on employee well-being. The study also explores the mediating role of organizational climate and the moderating effect of role overload in the relationship between ethical leadership and job burnout, providing insights into the complex dynamics at play in healthcare organizations. These findings enrich our understanding of the factors influencing employee well-being in healthcare contexts and underscore the importance of fostering ethical leadership and supportive organizational climates to mitigate job burnout. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
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18 pages, 1694 KiB  
Article
Burnout and Quality of Work Life among Physicians during Internships in Public Hospitals in Thailand
by Vithawat Surawattanasakul, Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl and Penprapa Siviroj
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14050361 - 25 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Physicians are exposed to occupational stress and burnout, which have been identified as contributing to a decrease in the quality of work life (QWL). Thailand’s medical education program, consisting of a six-year curriculum with government tuition support followed by three years of internships, [...] Read more.
Physicians are exposed to occupational stress and burnout, which have been identified as contributing to a decrease in the quality of work life (QWL). Thailand’s medical education program, consisting of a six-year curriculum with government tuition support followed by three years of internships, provides the context for this investigation. This study aimed to assess the QWL among intern physicians (IPs) in public hospitals and investigated the association between burnout and QWL. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 IPs in public hospitals in Thailand utilizing an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included a Thai version of a 25-item QWL scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. Data analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression. A significant proportion of IPs experienced low to moderate QWL (72.6%), with low levels of home–work interface (39.4%) and employee engagement (38.6%). In the exploratory model, after adjusting for sex and age, IPs with high depersonalization and low personal accomplishment demonstrated an association with low QWL (adjusted OR, aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.31; aOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.39). Healthcare organizations should regularly assess intern physicians’ QWL and burnout, prioritizing interventions; ensure reasonable work hours, schedule adjustments, and open communication; and develop support systems for cost-effective interventions. Further research on the dynamic relationship between burnout and QWL is crucial for targeted and culturally sensitive interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
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15 pages, 796 KiB  
Article
Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI)
by Lorenzo Stacchini, Alessandro Catalini, Valentina De Nicolò, Claudia Cosma, Veronica Gallinoro, Angela Ancona, Nausicaa Berselli, Marta Caminiti, Clara Mazza, Giuseppa Minutolo, Fabrizio Cedrone, Vincenza Gianfredi and on Behalf of the Working Group on Public Mental Health 2021/2022 of the Medical Residents’ Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110881 - 25 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1800
Abstract
Despite the high impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social interactions and healthcare workers’ (HWs’) mental health, few studies have investigated the association between social network characteristics and HWs’ mental health, particularly during the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between [...] Read more.
Despite the high impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social interactions and healthcare workers’ (HWs’) mental health, few studies have investigated the association between social network characteristics and HWs’ mental health, particularly during the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between public health residents’ (PHRs’) social network characteristics and depression. We used data from the Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Social network characteristics were self-reported. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Linear and logistic models adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, and alcohol were used. A moderation analysis by sex was also performed. A total of 379 PHRs participated in the survey (58% females, median age of 30 years). More peer-to-peer (odds ratio OR = 0.62 (0.47–0.83)) and supervisor support (OR = 0.49 (0.36–0.68)), more social participation ((OR) = 0.36 95% CI (0.25–0.50)), and having a partner (OR = 0.49 (0.25–0.96)) were significantly associated with a lower risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Work-to-private-life interference was significantly associated with a higher risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms (OR = 1.77 (1.28–2.45)). Promoting a supportive work environment and social participation as well as reducing work-to-private life interference can contribute to reducing the high burden among PHRs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
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