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Brain Sciences
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Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors
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Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2019) | Viewed by 26961

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Melissa A. Cyders

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Indiana Unviersity – Purdue University, Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Interests: impulsivity; clinical neuroscience; clinical psychology; substance use; alcohol use

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Impulsivity has been widely implicated in many maladaptive risk-taking and clinical disorders associated with such behaviors. The goal of this Special Issue is to review evidence of the neurobiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying impulsivity. Specifically, we aim to review evidence across a wide range of maladaptive behaviors, including alcohol and substance use, risky sexual behavior, gambling, and other related behaviors. Additionally, we aim to include research spanning the preclinical and clinical literature including evidence on genetics, electrophysiology, behavioral laboratory tasks, pharmacology, and neuroimaging, among others. Research measuring impulsive personality (i.e., self-report) and impulsive behavior (i.e., behavioral lab tasks) is welcome; we particularly value work that assesses discrete, unidimensional measures of impulsivity to advance current knowledge. It is our hope that this Special Issue will establish what is known concerning the underpinnings impulsivity and stimulate future work in this area. Specifically, we hope to offer prime physiological and pharmacological targets to design and test novel interventions to reduce impulsivity-driven maladaptive behaviors and clinical disorders.

Dr. Melissa A. Cyders
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Impulsivity
  • impulsive personality
  • behavioral impulsivity
  • neuroimaging
  • electorphysiology
  • genetics
  • pharmacology
  • risk-taking
  • maladaptive behaviors
  • clinical disorders

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 158 KiB  
Editorial
Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors
by Melissa A. Cyders
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(4), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040192 - 25 Mar 2020
Viewed by 1874
Abstract
Impulsivity has been widely implicated in many maladaptive risk-taking and clinical disorders associated with such behaviors [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

16 pages, 2274 KiB  
Article
A Joint Modelling Approach to Analyze Risky Decisions by Means of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Behavioural Data
by Marco D’Alessandro, Giuseppe Gallitto, Antonino Greco and Luigi Lombardi
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030138 - 01 Mar 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Understanding dependencies between brain functioning and cognition is a challenging task which might require more than applying standard statistical models to neural and behavioural measures to be accomplished. Recent developments in computational modelling have demonstrated the advantage to formally account for reciprocal relations [...] Read more.
Understanding dependencies between brain functioning and cognition is a challenging task which might require more than applying standard statistical models to neural and behavioural measures to be accomplished. Recent developments in computational modelling have demonstrated the advantage to formally account for reciprocal relations between mathematical models of cognition and brain functional, or structural, characteristics to relate neural and cognitive parameters on a model-based perspective. This would allow to account for both neural and behavioural data simultaneously by providing a joint probabilistic model for the two sources of information. In the present work we proposed an architecture for jointly modelling the reciprocal relation between behavioural and neural information in the context of risky decision-making. More precisely, we offered a way to relate Diffusion Tensor Imaging data to cognitive parameters of a computational model accounting for behavioural outcomes in the popular Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Results show that the proposed architecture has the potential to account for individual differences in task performances and brain structural features by letting individual-level parameters to be modelled by a joint distribution connecting both sources of information. Such a joint modelling framework can offer interesting insights in the development of computational models able to investigate correspondence between decision-making and brain structural connectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)
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17 pages, 619 KiB  
Article
Emotional Response Inhibition: A Shared Neurocognitive Deficit in Eating Disorder Symptoms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
by Kenneth J. D. Allen, M. McLean Sammon, Kathryn R. Fox and Jeremy G. Stewart
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020104 - 15 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5861
Abstract
Eating disorder (ED) symptoms often co-occur with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This comorbidity is consistent with evidence that trait negative urgency increases risk for both of these phenomena. We previously found that impaired late-stage negative emotional response inhibition (i.e., negative emotional action termination or [...] Read more.
Eating disorder (ED) symptoms often co-occur with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This comorbidity is consistent with evidence that trait negative urgency increases risk for both of these phenomena. We previously found that impaired late-stage negative emotional response inhibition (i.e., negative emotional action termination or NEAT) might represent a neurocognitive mechanism for heightened negative urgency among people with NSSI history. The current study evaluated whether relations between negative urgency and ED symptoms similarly reflect deficits in this neurocognitive process. A total of 105 community adults completed an assessment of ED symptoms, negative urgency, and an emotional response inhibition task. Results indicated that, contrary to predictions, negative urgency and NEAT contributed independent variance to the prediction of ED symptoms, while controlling for demographic covariates and NSSI history. Worse NEAT was also uniquely associated with restrictive eating, after accounting for negative urgency. Our findings suggest that difficulty inhibiting ongoing motor responses triggered by negative emotional reactions (i.e., NEAT) may be a shared neurocognitive characteristic of ED symptoms and NSSI. However, negative urgency and NEAT dysfunction capture separate variance in the prediction of ED-related cognitions and behaviors, distinct from the pattern of results we previously observed in NSSI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 982 KiB  
Article
Experience Matters: The Effects of Hypothetical versus Experiential Delays and Magnitudes on Impulsive Choice in Delay Discounting Tasks
by Catherine C. Steele, MacKenzie Gwinner, Travis Smith, Michael E. Young and Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(12), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120379 - 16 Dec 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3172
Abstract
Impulsive choice in humans is typically measured using hypothetical delays and rewards. In two experiments, we determined how experiencing the delay and/or the reward affected impulsive choice behavior. Participants chose between two amounts of real or hypothetical candy (M&Ms) after a real or [...] Read more.
Impulsive choice in humans is typically measured using hypothetical delays and rewards. In two experiments, we determined how experiencing the delay and/or the reward affected impulsive choice behavior. Participants chose between two amounts of real or hypothetical candy (M&Ms) after a real or hypothetical delay (5–30 s), where choosing the shorter delay was the impulsive choice. Experiment 1 compared choice behavior on a real-delay, real-reward (RD/RR) task where participants received M&Ms after experiencing the delays versus a real-delay, hypothetical-reward (RD/HR) task where participants accumulated hypothetical M&Ms after experiencing the delays. Experiment 2 compared the RD/HR task and a hypothetical-delay, hypothetical-reward (HD/HR) task where participants accumulated hypothetical M&Ms after hypothetical delays. The results indicated that choices did not differ between real and hypothetical M&Ms (Experiment 1), and participants were less sensitive to delay and more larger-later (LL)-preferring with hypothetical delays compared to real delays (Experiment 2). Experiencing delays to reward may be important for modeling real-world impulsive choices where delays are typically experienced. These novel experiential impulsive choice tasks may improve translational methods for comparison with animal models and may be improved procedures for predicting real-life choice behavior in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)
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14 pages, 2406 KiB  
Article
Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior
by Rickie Miglin, Nadia Bounoua, Shelly Goodling, Ana Sheehan, Jeffrey M. Spielberg and Naomi Sadeh
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(12), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120373 - 13 Dec 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3947
Abstract
Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent [...] Read more.
Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent risky behavior. A community sample of 107 adults (ages 18–55; 54.2% men) completed self-report measures of impulsive traits and risky behavior followed by a neuroimaging protocol. Using the three-factor model of impulsive traits derived from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, analysis of the entire cortical mantle identified three thickness clusters that related to impulsive traits. Sensation seeking was negatively related to thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex, whereas impulsive urgency was positively associated with thickness in the left superior parietal and right paracentral lobule. Notably, follow-up analyses showed that thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex also related to recent risky behavior, with the identified cluster mediating the association between sensation seeking and risky behavior. Findings suggest that reduced thickness in the pericalcarine region partially explains the link between sensation seeking and the tendency to engage in risky behavior, providing new insight into the neurobiological basis of these relationships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)
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15 pages, 924 KiB  
Article
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Arguments in Favor of a Relationship between Impulsivity, Risk-Taking, and Success on the Iowa Gambling Task
by Julie Giustiniani, Coralie Joucla, Djamila Bennabi, Magali Nicolier, Thibault Chabin, Caroline Masse, Benoît Trojak, Pierre Vandel, Emmanuel Haffen and Damien Gabriel
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(10), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100248 - 24 Sep 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3852
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity, risk-taking, and decision-making performance. We recruited 20 healthy participants who performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) to measure decision-making and risk-taking. The [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity, risk-taking, and decision-making performance. We recruited 20 healthy participants who performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) to measure decision-making and risk-taking. The impulsivity was measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Resting-state neural activity was recorded to explore whether brain oscillatory rhythms provide important information about the dispositional trait of impulsivity. We found a significant correlation between the ability to develop a successful strategy and the propensity to take more risks in the first trials of the BART. Risk-taking was negatively correlated with cognitive impulsivity in participants who were unable to develop a successful strategy. Neither risk-taking nor decision-making was correlated with cortical asymmetry. In a more exploratory approach, the group was sub-divided in function of participants’ performances at the IGT. We found that the group who developed a successful strategy at the IGT was more prone to risk, whereas the group who failed showed a greater cognitive impulsivity. These results emphasize the need for individuals to explore their environment to develop a successful strategy in uncertain situations, which may not be possible without taking risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)
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Review

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17 pages, 324 KiB  
Review
Shared Neural Correlates Underlying Addictive Disorders and Negative Urgency
by Miji Um, Zachary T. Whitt, Rebecca Revilla, Taylor Hunton and Melissa A. Cyders
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020036 - 08 Feb 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4858
Abstract
Negative urgency is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to act rashly in response to extreme negative emotions and is considered a transdiagnostic endophenotype for problematic levels of addictive behaviors. Recent research has begun to identify the neural correlates of negative urgency, many [...] Read more.
Negative urgency is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to act rashly in response to extreme negative emotions and is considered a transdiagnostic endophenotype for problematic levels of addictive behaviors. Recent research has begun to identify the neural correlates of negative urgency, many of which appear to overlap with neural circuitry underlying addictive disorders associated with negative urgency. The goal of this qualitative review is to summarize the extant literature concerning the neural correlates of negative urgency, to compare these correlates with those implicated with addictive disorders, and to propose new ways to begin to leverage such findings in treatment and intervention approaches. We also address current limitations in the field and make recommendations for areas for future growth in this research domain. Patterns of structure and function in the ventral striatum, frontal regions, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and amygdala are common across addictive disorders and are related to both real-world risky behaviors and self-report measures of negative urgency. We propose that the time has come to move past considering this trait and these disorders as completely separate entities, and instead for the field to consider how general patterns of convergence across these disorders can lead to a more transdiagnostic approach to treatment and intervention. We suggest future work utilize these convergent patterns in the development of animal models of negative urgency, in the identification and testing of prime pharmacological and physiological interventions, and as objective biomarkers to be used when testing behavioral, pharmacological, and physiological intervention effectiveness. Little empirical work has been done to date in these areas and advances in these nascent fields would advance understanding and applications of the neuroscience of negative urgency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underlying Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Impulsivity in Risk-Taking Behaviors)
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