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Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts

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A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2016) | Viewed by 59163

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. John R. (JR) Regalbuto

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Interests: catalyst synthesis; metal adsorption; catalyst characterization and evaluation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The activity and selectivity of supported bimetallic catalyst nanoparticles is often optimized by high metal dispersion/utilization (small particle size) and a high degree of metal 1-metal 2 interaction. Achieving both goals at a nanometer scale is not a simple feat. The most prevalent method to prepare bimetallic catalysts is co-impregnation, in which two metal precursors are placed into a volume of solution, which just fills the pore volume of the catalyst support. This often results in both poor metal dispersion and poor contacting of metals.

This Special Issue is devoted to bimetallic nanoparticle synthesis methods that simultaneously achieve the goals of high metal dispersion and intimate metal contacting. Methods include solution methods as well as surface (support) deposition methods, and the synthesis of homogeneously alloyed or core-shell nanoparticles. Special emphasis is placed on synthesis methods, which are simple and scalable.

Prof. Dr. John R. (JR) Regalbuto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Bimetallic
Nanoparticle
Catalyst
Synthesis
Preparation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Degradation and Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene via Supporting Palladium/Iron Bimetallic Nanoparticles onto Mesoporous Silica

by Jianjun Wei, Yajing Qian, Lutao Wang, Yijie Ge, Lingyan Su, Debin Zhai, Jiang Wang, Jing Wang and Jiang Yu

Catalysts 2016, 6(7), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6070105 - 19 Jul 2016

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5352

Abstract

This study is aimed to prevent the agglomeration of Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles and thus improve the efficiency toward degradation and dechlorination of chlorinated organic contaminants. A mesoporous silica with a primary pore diameter of 8.3 nm and a specific surface area of 688 m²/g was prepared and used as the host of Pd/Fe nanoparticles. The Pd/Fe nanoparticles were deposited onto or into the mesoporous silica by reduction of ferrous ion and hexachloropalladate ion in aqueous phase. Batch degradation and dechlorination reactions of trichloroethylene were conducted with initial trichloroethylene concentration of 23.7 mg/L, iron loading of 203 or 1.91 × 10³ mg/L and silica loading of 8.10 g/L at 25 °C. Concentration of trichloroethylene occurs on the supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles, with trichloroethylene degrading to 56% and 59% in 30 min on the supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles with weight percentage of palladium to iron at 0.075% and 0.10% respectively. The supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles exhibit better dechlorination activity. When the supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles with a weight percentage of palladium to iron of 0.10% were loaded much less than the bare counterpart, the yield of ethylene plus ethane in 10 h on them was comparable, i.e., 19% vs. 21%. This study offers a future approach to efficiently combine the reactivity of supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles and the adsorption ability of mesoporous silica. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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4632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of PdCu Alloy Nanocatalysts for Nitrate Hydrogenation and Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

by Fan Cai, Lefu Yang, Shiyao Shan, Derrick Mott, Bing H. Chen, Jin Luo and Chuan-Jian Zhong

Catalysts 2016, 6(7), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6070096 - 30 Jun 2016

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 11495

Abstract

Alloying Pd with Cu is important for catalytic reactions such as denitrification reaction and CO oxidation reaction, but understanding of the catalyst preparation and its correlation with the catalyst’s activity and selectivity remains elusive. Herein, we report the results of investigations of the preparation of PdCu alloy nanocatalysts using different methods and the catalytic properties of the catalysts in catalytic denitrification reaction and CO oxidation reaction. PdCu alloy nanocatalysts were prepared by conventional dry impregnation method and ligand-capping based wet chemical synthesis method, and subsequent thermochemical activation as well. The alloying characteristics depend on the bimetallic composition. PdCu/Al₂O₃ with a Pd/Cu ratio of 50:50 was shown to exhibit an optimized hydrogenation activity for the catalytic denitrification reaction. The catalytic activity of the PdCu catalysts was shown to be highly dependent on the support, as evidenced by the observation of an enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation reaction using TiO₂ and CeO₂ supports with high oxygen storage capacity. Implications of the results to the refinement of the preparation of the alloy nanocatalysts are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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7475 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Anchored Bimetallic Catalysts via Epitaxy

by Jiaxin Liu, Botao Qiao, Yian Song, Yudong Huang and Jingyue (Jimmy) Liu

Catalysts 2016, 6(6), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6060088 - 17 Jun 2016

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5361

Abstract

The development of thermodynamically stable supported bimetallic catalysts for high-temperature reaction is significant and highly desirable but remains a grand challenge. In this work, we report a novel approach that relies on the interaction of metal nanoparticles with the support material to form unique bimetallic nanoparticles, which epitaxially anchor onto the support surface. Such unique nanostructured systems are catalytically active and ultrastable during selected catalytic reactions. In this paper, we describe the synthesis processes of ultrastable PtZn nanoparticles epitaxially anchored onto ZnO nanowires, which primarily consist of {10−10} nanoscale facets. Such anchored PtZn nanoparticles demonstrated good stability during high temperature treatments and selected catalytic reactions. The synthesis approach reported in this work provides a new strategy to develop thermodynamically stable supported bimetallic catalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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9051 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Synthesis and Electrochemical Evaluation of Carbon Supported Pt-Co Bimetallic Catalysts Prepared by Electroless Deposition and Modified Charge Enhanced Dry Impregnation

by John Meynard M. Tengco, Bahareh Alsadat Tavakoli Mehrabadi, Yunya Zhang, Akkarat Wongkaew, John R. Regalbuto, John W. Weidner and John R. Monnier

Catalysts 2016, 6(6), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6060083 - 07 Jun 2016

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6779

Abstract

Carbon-supported bimetallic Pt-Co cathode catalysts have been previously identified as higher activity alternatives to conventional Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells. In this work, a series of Pt-Co/C catalysts were synthesized using electroless deposition (ED) of Pt on a Co/C catalyst prepared by modified charge enhanced dry impregnation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization of the base catalyst showed highly dispersed particles. A basic ED bath containing PtCl₆²⁻ as the Pt precursor, dimethylamine borane as reducing agent, and ethylenediamine as stabilizing agent successfully targeted deposition of Pt on Co particles. Simultaneous action of galvanic displacement and ED resulted in Pt-Co alloy formation observed in XRD and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS) mapping. In addition, fast deposition kinetics resulted in hollow shell Pt-Co alloy particles while particles with Pt-rich shell and Co-rich cores formed with controlled Pt deposition. Electrochemical evaluation of the Pt-Co/C catalysts showed lower active surface but much higher mass and surface activities for oxygen reduction reaction compared to a commercial Pt/C fuel cell catalyst. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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4214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Simple, Effective Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Pd/C and CoPd/C Heterogeneous Catalysts via Charge-Enhanced Dry Impregnation

by Lawrence D’Souza, Sean Barnes and John R. Regalbuto

Catalysts 2016, 6(5), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6050072 - 16 May 2016

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6118

Abstract

Pd/C and CoPd/C heterogeneous catalysts have been synthesized by adopting Charge Enhanced Dry Impregnation (CEDI). The particles size distribution, their high metal surface-to-bulk ratios, and synthesis feasibility are unmatchable to any known noble metal bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst preparation techniques. Next generation Fuel Cells [...] Read more.

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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Review

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3064 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Chemical Preparation of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts. Gold-Based Bimetallic, a Case Study

by Catherine Louis

Catalysts 2016, 6(8), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6080110 - 26 Jul 2016

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 10606

Abstract

This review focuses on the chemical methods used to prepare supported bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts, i.e., bimetallic nanoparticles deposited on a support. The review is limited to the preparation of gold-based bimetallic catalysts and moreover to bimetallic nanoparticles supported on powder inorganic supports, i.e., [...] Read more.

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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4897 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bimetallic Catalysts Containing Gold and Palladium for Environmentally Important Reactions

by Ahmad Alshammari, V. Narayana Kalevaru and Andreas Martin

Catalysts 2016, 6(7), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6070097 - 05 Jul 2016

Cited by 56 | Viewed by 12523

Abstract

Supported bimetallic nanoparticles (SBN) are extensively used as efficient redox catalysts. This kind of catalysis particularly using SBN has attracted immense research interest compared to their parent metals due to their unique physico-chemical properties. The primary objective of this contribution is to provide comprehensive overview about SBN and their application as promising catalysts. The present review contains four sections in total. Section 1 starts with a general introduction, recent progress, and brief summary of the application of SBN as promising catalysts for different applications. Section 2 reviews the preparation and characterization methods of SBN for a wide range of catalytic reactions. Section 3 concentrates on our own results related to the application of SBN in heterogeneous catalysis. In this section, the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid (an eco-friendly and novel approach) will be discussed. In addition, the application of bimetallic Pd catalysts for vapor phase toluene acetoxylation in a fixed bed reactor will also be highlighted. Acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate is another green route to synthesize benzyl acetate in one step. Finally, Section 4 describes the summary of the main points and also presents an outlook on the application of SBN as promising catalysts for the production of valuable products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts)

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