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Recent Advances in Gynecologic Oncology: Diagnosis and Management

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 6459

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jure Knez

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Guest Editor

Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: endometrial cancer; endometriosis; biomarkers in gynecology; ultrasound; gynecological oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecologic oncology is a rapidly evolving field of medicine that integrates knowledge from various fields and often requires a multidisciplinary approach when planning treatment. Clinical, radiological, and molecular information must all be included in the diagnosis and treatment plan. Recent molecular advances in endometrial and ovarian cancer have improved our understanding of these diseases and their response to treatment and moved the trend of treatment toward personalized medicine. There are, however, still many questions that remain unanswered, such as the best approach in advanced ovarian cancer, the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in fertility-sparing treatment of cervical cancer, and many more. This Special Issue aims to answer these seemingly unanswerable questions.

Prof. Dr. Jure Knez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

endometrial cancer
ovarian cancer
cervical cancer
vulvar cancer
ultrasound
colposcopy
diagnosis and management

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 932 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ReClassification of Patients with Ambiguous CA125 for Optimised Pre-Surgical Triage

by Andrew N. Stephens, Simon J. Hobbs, Sung-Woog Kang, Martin K. Oehler, Tom W. Jobling and Richard Allman

Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070671 - 22 Mar 2024

Viewed by 791

Abstract

Pre-surgical clinical assessment of an adnexal mass is a complex process, and ideally requires accurate and rapid identification of disease status. Gold standard biomarker CA125 is extensively used off-label for this purpose; however its performance is typically inadequate, particularly for the detection of early stage disease and discrimination between benign versus malignant status. We recently described a multi-marker panel (MMP) and associated risk index for the differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian disease. In this study we applied a net reclassification approach to assess the use of MMP index to rescue those cases where low CA125 incorrectly excludes cancer diagnoses, or where benign disease is incorrectly assessed as “high risk” due to elevated CA125. Reclassification of such patients is of significant value to assist in the timely and accurate referral for patients where CA125 titer is uninformative. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gynecologic Oncology: Diagnosis and Management)

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14 pages, 2271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of an Individualized Prognostic Biomarker for Serous Ovarian Cancer: A Qualitative Model

by Fengyuan Luo, Na Li, Qi Zhang, Liyuan Ma, Xinqiao Li, Tao Hu, Haijian Zhong, Hongdong Li and Guini Hong

Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 3128; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123128 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

Serous ovarian cancer is the most common type of ovarian epithelial cancer and usually has a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to construct an individualized prognostic model for predicting overall survival in serous ovarian cancer. Based on the relative expression orderings (Ea > Eb/Ea ≤ Eb) of gene pairs closely associated with serous ovarian prognosis, we tried constructing a potential individualized qualitative biomarker by the greedy algorithm and evaluated the performance in independent validation datasets. We constructed a prognostic biomarker consisting of 20 gene pairs (SOV-P20). The overall survival between high- and low-risk groups stratified by SOV-P20 was statistically significantly different in the training and independent validation datasets from other platforms (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). The average area under the curve (AUC) values of the training and three validation datasets were 0.756, 0.590, 0.630, and 0.680, respectively. The distribution of most immune cells between high- and low-risk groups was quite different (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). The low-risk patients tended to show significantly better tumor response to chemotherapy than the high-risk patients (p < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). SOV-P20 achieved the highest mean index of concordance (C-index) (0.624) compared with the other seven existing prognostic signatures (ranging from 0.511 to 0.619). SOV-P20 is a promising prognostic biomarker for serous ovarian cancer, which will be applicable for clinical predictive risk assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gynecologic Oncology: Diagnosis and Management)

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11 pages, 620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk-Based Colposcopy for Cervical Precancer Detection: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study in China

by Peng Xue, Samuel Seery, Qing Li, Yu Jiang and Youlin Qiao

Diagnostics 2022, 12(11), 2585; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112585 - 25 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1428

Abstract

Recently published guidelines depend upon screening for cervical precancer risk stratification; however, colposcopy provides key information. There is no data from developing countries that could be used comparatively. Therefore, we assessed the potential benefits of intercalating colposcopic impressions with screening results to detect cervical precancers through a multicenter, cross-sectional study of a Chinese population. Anonymized data from 6012 women with cytologic assessment, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, colposcopic impressions, and histological results were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology, HPV16/18+, and/or high-grade colposcopic impressions markedly increased cervical precancer risk, while high-grade colposcopic impressions were associated with the highest risk. The risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) ranged from 0% for normal/benign colposcopic impressions, <HSIL cytologies, and HPV negative to 63.61% for high-grade colposcopy, HSIL+ cytology, and HPV16/18+, across 18 subgroups. High-grade colposcopic impressions were associated with a >19% increased risk of CIN3+, even in participants without HSIL+ cytology and/or HPV16/18+. Regardless of screening outcomes, normal/benign colposcopic impressions were associated with the lowest risk of CIN3+ (<0.5%). Integrating colposcopic impressions into risk assessment may therefore provide key information for identifying cervical precancer cases. Adopting this approach may improve detection rates while also providing reassurance for women with a lower risk of developing cervical cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gynecologic Oncology: Diagnosis and Management)

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Other

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13 pages, 2079 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Strumal Carcinoid Tumor of the Ovary: Report of Rare Occurrence with Review of Literature

by Li-Ping Shen, An-Qiang Yang and Lei Jin

Diagnostics 2022, 12(11), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112706 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2187

Abstract

The primary ovarian carcinoid tumor is a very rare ovarian tumor, which accounts for approximately 0.5% to 1.7% of all carcinoids and 1% of ovarian cancer. According to its histopathological features, it can be divided into four categories: insular, trabecular, strumal, and mucinous, among which insular carcinoid is common in Western countries. By comparison, the chain-typed and trabecular carcinoid seem to be common in Asian countries. To date, about 150 cases have been reported in the world, and 40% of them are strumal carcinoid tumor of the ovary (SCTO), which is a highly specialized teratoma differentiated from the monomer, and often characterized by the coexistence of thyroid follicular tissue and carcinoid tissue with the neuroendocrine function. Preoperative diagnosis may be difficult due to the very insidious nature of the disease and its multiple imaging manifestations. We reported the case of a 39-year-old woman with a 5-year clinical history. Gynecologic examination and ultrasonic testing revealed an enlarged ovary with a diameter of about 60 mm, accompanied by a hypoechoic area, which was suspected to be a benign teratoma. Ca-125, AFP, free T4, TSH, and other diagnostic indicators were normal. During the laparoscopic oophorocystectomy of the left ovary, a smooth and solid tumor with the size of 6 × 6 × 5 cm was found in the right ovary. During the operation, a mature cystic teratoma containing a struma was frozen, then the oophorocystectomy of the left ovary was performed. According to the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) in 2014, histopathological examination showed a mature teratoma with thyroid carcinoid stage Ic, and Douglas’s cystic hygroma cytopathology was negative. One year after the operation, the patient was tumor-free, with Ca-125, FT4, and TSH being within the normal range. Specific diagnostic tools and serological monitoring of malignant tumors of the ovary have low specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of this rare malignant tumor of the ovary. Female patients with habitual constipation, chronic abdominal colic, diarrhea, and endocrine dysfunction also need to be alert to this rare malignant tumor of the ovary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gynecologic Oncology: Diagnosis and Management)

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