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Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2023
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Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2023

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 5258

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Raghava R. Kommalapati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability & Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
Interests: membrane processes for treatment of produced water from fracking operations and poultry wastewater; life cycle analysis; air quality modeling; environmental impacts of energy technologies, and co-digestion of waste materials produced water
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will highlight research in the broader areas of energy and environmental sustainability. More and more emphasis is being placed on sustainable energy technologies or processes that make conventional energy technologies more sustainable. Life cycle environmental impacts and energies are used as a way to compare these different technologies. This Special Issue will identify articles that address some of these broader issues. Topics could include life cycle analyses that focus on emissions or energy, the food–water–energy nexus, sustainable energy technologies, waste to energy, etc. Please note that this is not a comprehensive list. We will consider research as well as review articles.

Prof. Dr. Raghava R. Kommalapati
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3686 KiB  
Article
Process Optimization and Biomethane Recovery from Anaerobic Digestion of Agro-Industry Wastes
by Harjinder Kaur and Raghava R. Kommalapati
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6484; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186484 - 08 Sep 2023
Viewed by 748
Abstract
Among the sustainable initiatives for renewable energy technologies, anaerobic digestion (AD) is a potential contender to replace fossil fuels. The anaerobic co-digestions of goat manure (GM) with sorghum (SG), cotton gin trash (CGT), and food waste (FW) having different mixing ratios, volumes, temperatures, [...] Read more.
Among the sustainable initiatives for renewable energy technologies, anaerobic digestion (AD) is a potential contender to replace fossil fuels. The anaerobic co-digestions of goat manure (GM) with sorghum (SG), cotton gin trash (CGT), and food waste (FW) having different mixing ratios, volumes, temperatures, and additives were optimized in single and two-stage bioreactors. The biochemical methane potential assays (having different mixing ratios of double and triple substrates) were run in 250 mL serum bottles in triplicates. The best-yielding ratio was up-scaled to fabricated 2 L bioreactors. The biodegradability, biomethane recovery, and process efficacy are discussed. The co-digestion of GM with SG in a 70:30 ratio yielded the highest biomethane of 239.3 ± 15.6 mL/gvs, and it was further up-scaled to a two-stage temperature-phased process supplemented with an anaerobic medium and fly ash (FA) in fabricated 2 L bioreactors. This system yielded the highest biomethane of 266.0 mL/gvs, having an anaerobic biodegradability of 67.3% in 70:30 GM:SG co-digestion supplemented with an anaerobic medium. The BMP of the FA-amended treatment may be lower because of its high Ca concentration of 205.74 ± 3.6. The liquid fraction of the effluents can be applied as N and P fertigation. The Ca concentration was found to be 24.3, 25.1, and 6.3 g/kg in GM and GM:SG (TS) and SG solid fractions, respectively, whereas K was found to be 26.6, 10.8, and 7.4 g/kg. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of solid fraction varied between 2.0 and 24.8 for return to the soils to enhance its quality. This study involving feedstock acquisition, characterization, and their anaerobic digestion optimization provides comprehensive information and may assist small farmers operating on-farm anaerobic digesters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2023)
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14 pages, 4638 KiB  
Article
A Study of Grid-Connected Residential PV-Battery Systems in Mongolia
by Baigali Erdenebat, Davaanyam Buyankhishig, Sergelen Byambaa and Naomitsu Urasaki
Energies 2023, 16(10), 4176; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104176 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2455
Abstract
For national energy capacity improvement and CO2 emission reductions, Mongolia has focused its attention on grid-connected residential PV systems. Due to the feed-in tariff (FIT), the aggregated residential PV systems are expected to increase with the PV penetration level. Currently, there is [...] Read more.
For national energy capacity improvement and CO2 emission reductions, Mongolia has focused its attention on grid-connected residential PV systems. Due to the feed-in tariff (FIT), the aggregated residential PV systems are expected to increase with the PV penetration level. Currently, there is no power injection limitation in Mongolia. A new policy for the PV penetration level of residential PV systems needs to be developed. This study analyzed the techno-economic performances of distributed PV-battery systems, considering PV generation, the historical load demand, and the tariff structure. We studied the performances of 40 combinations of PV sizes (2 kW–9 kW) and battery capacities (4.4 kWh, 6.6 kWh, 10 kWh, 12 kWh, and 15 kWh) to find feasible system sizes. The aggregated PV-battery systems in a low-voltage (LV) distribution system located in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, are also discussed. The results show that six combinations satisfied the technical and economic requirements. The maximum profit was determined to be an NPV of 1650 USD with a 9-year payback period using combination 3 (6 kW PV and 6.6 kWh battery capacity). Combination 6 (8 kW PV and 15 kWh battery capacity) shows that the energy management strategy for residential houses with battery storage has the potential to increase the installed capacity of PV systems without voltage violence in the LV network. For the distributed PV-battery storage system (BSS), the environmental analysis indicates that CO2 and SO2 emissions were reduced by 3929 t/year and 49 t/year, respectively. The findings obtained from this analysis will be used for power system planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2023)
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Review

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17 pages, 3035 KiB  
Review
Review on Greenhouse Gases Emission in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries
by Meiri Triani, Handrea Bernando Tambunan, Kania Dewi and Addina Shafiyya Ediansjah
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3920; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093920 - 06 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1464
Abstract
The Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is a critical contributor to global development from an environmental perspective. This study has reviewed carbon emissions from energy generation, influence factors from the population, economic growth and renewable energy, emission and energy intensity [...] Read more.
The Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is a critical contributor to global development from an environmental perspective. This study has reviewed carbon emissions from energy generation, influence factors from the population, economic growth and renewable energy, emission and energy intensity projection, spatial distribution characteristics, and decarbonization strategy. This work utilizes a comparison methodology between ASEAN countries in the emission intensity and energy intensity in the future projection of electricity conditions in 2030 or 2040, as well as opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as determined by the national policies of each government. The results show that Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia produce 79.7% of the electricity in the ASEAN region. As a developing country, Indonesia has the largest population and gross domestic product (GDP) but has the highest predicted emission intensity, of 0.97 CO2e/MWh, in 2030. Vietnam is predicted to have an emission intensity of about 3.56t-CO2e/cap and 0.747t-CO2e/GDP in 2030. Vietnam is expected to increase in energy intensity to 1241 MWh/GDP, while Brunei Darussalam has a high energy intensity of 11.35 MWh/cap. However, the capacity of solar power plants (more than 11 GW) and wind-power plants (2384 MW) have generally increased in ASEAN from 2015 to 2019, indicating the positive development of renewable energy source (RES) use. The national policies strongly influence the estimated GHG emission in ASEAN by aggressively replacing fossil fuels with RESs. Support, via government policies, can reduce the cost of electricity generation from RESs is needed to increase and enhance the installment of clean power generation systems. In future work, the research needs to consider the intermittent characteristics of variable RES in power system operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2023)
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