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Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy...
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Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019)

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2020) | Viewed by 19331

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francesco Calise

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: fuel cells; advanced optimization techniques; solar thermal systems; concentrating photovoltaic/thermal photovoltaic systems; energy saving in buildings; solar heating and cooling; organic Rankine cycles; geothermal energy; dynamic simulations of energy systems; renewable polygeneration systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rafał Figaj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sustainable Energy Development, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: renewable energy and environment protection; renewable energy technologies; photovoltaics; energy modeling; energy systems and buildings simulations; hydrid and multigeneration energy systems, building energy systems; energy saving in buildings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED) invites scientists, professional engineers, social workers, policy-makers, and other stakeholders from all over the world to participate in this event, giving them the opportunity to present and publish their work, discuss, exchange ideas and knowledge, and network for future collaborations. The conference will be held in Krakow, Poland, from 16 to 18 October 2019. 

The conference will cover a broad range of energy- and environmental protection-related topics. It will throw light on recent research in the field of non-renewable and renewable energy sources and technologies, sustainable energy development, green energy and economy, environmental protection in energy managements systems, power-to-gas and power-to-liquid technologies, alternative fuels, and other areas. 

Further information about the Conference is available at www.seedconference.org  

Submissions are invited from authors of accepted conference papers that will be presented at the Conference. The Scientific Committee of the Conference will select the conference papers for this Special Issue.

Prof. Francesco Calise
Dr. Rafał Figaj
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 10305 KiB  
Article
Operation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Micro-Scale Hybrid Trigeneration System Integrating a Water Steam Cycle and Wind Turbine under Different Reference Scenarios
by Rafał Figaj, Krzysztof Sornek, Szymon Podlasek and Maciej Żołądek
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5697; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215697 - 30 Oct 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1872
Abstract
Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy, are being more and more adopted in small and micro-scale distributed generation systems. In this context, different hybrid configurations and layouts that may adopt, lead to different energy and economic performance of [...] Read more.
Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy, are being more and more adopted in small and micro-scale distributed generation systems. In this context, different hybrid configurations and layouts that may adopt, lead to different energy and economic performance of energy generation systems. In micro-scale applications, biomass and solar energy sources are more frequently investigated in literature compared to other combinations as biomass and wind energy. The analysis of the performance of a novel small-scale trigeneration system is presented in this paper. The system includes biomass boiler, water steam turbine, absorption chiller, and wind turbine, and it is linked to the electric grid by means of a bidirectional connection, allowing to the store virtually the electrical energy produced in excess, and use when needed. For the proposed system, a zootechnical farm and a residential building are considered as case study, including different scenarios for the reference energy system. The Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS software is used to model, simulate, and investigate the system performance under realistic operation conditions. Energy and economic performance of the system is assessed by means of a daily, weekly, and yearly analysis. The effect of the main design parameters, as steam and wind turbine power on the system performance, is investigated by means of a sensitivity analysis. The investigations show that the Simple Pay Back time of the proposed system is below 6 years, when the biomass is free, capacities of steam and wind turbines lower than 4 kW are selected, and a reference system with a natural gas boiler and electrical grid is considered. The system allows one to achieve satisfactory energy and economic performance under the considered conditions, when a proper design of the system component capacities is adopted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019))
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14 pages, 7586 KiB  
Article
The Comparison of Solar Energy Gaining Effectiveness between Flat Plate Collectors and Evacuated Tube Collectors with Heat Pipe: Case Study
by Piotr Olczak, Dominika Matuszewska and Jadwiga Zabagło
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1829; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071829 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 3514
Abstract
In Poland, various solar collector systems are used; among them, the most popular are flat plate collectors (FPCs) and evacuated tube collectors (ETCs). The work presents two installations located at a distance of 80 km apart, working in similar external conditions. One of [...] Read more.
In Poland, various solar collector systems are used; among them, the most popular are flat plate collectors (FPCs) and evacuated tube collectors (ETCs). The work presents two installations located at a distance of 80 km apart, working in similar external conditions. One of them contains 120 flat plate collectors and works for the preparation of hot water in a swimming pool building; the second one consists of 32 evacuated tube collectors with a heat pipe and supports the preparation of domestic hot water for a multi-family house. During the comparison of the two quite large solar installations, it was confirmed that the use of evacuated tube solar collectors shows a much better solar energy productivity than flat plate collectors for the absorber area. Higher heat solar gains (by 7.9%) were also observed in the case of the gross collector area. The advantages of evacuated tube collectors are observed mainly during colder periods, which allows for a steadier thermal energy production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019))
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20 pages, 5007 KiB  
Article
A Novel Exergy Indicator for Maximizing Energy Utilization in Low-Temperature ORC
by Marcin Jankowski and Aleksandra Borsukiewicz
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1598; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071598 - 01 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2506
Abstract
In the last decade, particular attention has been paid to the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant, a technology that implements a classical steam Rankine cycle using low-boiling fluid of organic origin. Depending on the specific application and the choice of the designer, [...] Read more.
In the last decade, particular attention has been paid to the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant, a technology that implements a classical steam Rankine cycle using low-boiling fluid of organic origin. Depending on the specific application and the choice of the designer, the ORC can be optimized using one or several criteria. The selected objectives reflect various system performance aspects, such as: thermodynamic, economic, environmental or other. In this study, a novel criterion called exergy utilization index (XUI) is defined and used to maximize the utilization of an energy source in the ORC system. The maximization of the proposed indicator is equivalent to bring the heat carrier outlet temperature to the ambient temperature as close as possible. In the studied case, the XUI is applied along with the total heat transfer area of the system, and the multi-objective optimization is performed in order to determine the optimal operating conditions of the ORC. Moreover, to reveal a relationship between the XUI and important ORC performance indicators, a parametric study is conducted. Based on the results, it has been found that high values of the XUI (~80%) correspond to optimal values of exergy-based indicators such as: exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, environmental effect factor or exergetic sustainability index. Furthermore, the values of the XUI = 60%–80% are associated with beneficial economic characteristics reflected in a low payback period (<11.3 years). When considering the ecological aspect, the maximization of XUI has resulted in minimization of exergy waste to the environment. In general, the simple formulation and straightforward meaning make the XUI a particularly useful indicator for the preliminary evaluation and design of the ORC. Furthermore, the comparative analysis with respect to other well-known performance indicators has shown that it has a potential to be successfully applied as the objective function in the optimization of ORC power plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019))
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16 pages, 1856 KiB  
Article
The Valuation of the Operational Flexibility of the Energy Investment Project Based on a Gas-Fired Power Plant
by Dominik Kryzia, Michał Kopacz and Katarzyna Kryzia
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1567; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071567 - 28 Mar 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3541
Abstract
This paper presents an attempt to the valuation of the operational flexibility of the energy investment project based on the example of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). For this purpose, the real options approach (ROA), net present value (NPV) method, and the Monte [...] Read more.
This paper presents an attempt to the valuation of the operational flexibility of the energy investment project based on the example of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). For this purpose, the real options approach (ROA), net present value (NPV) method, and the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation have been used. Motivations to take up such a topic result from the fact that traditional valuation methods neglect flexibility embedded in CCGT assets. Operational flexibility was defined as the switching option to dynamically shut down and restart gas units. Valuation of the operational flexibility, the project’s extended net present value (XNPV), was based on a discounted cash flow model. The Monte Carlo simulation, allowing for better replication of the stochastic nature of market factors and some technical parameters, was introduced to the valuation model. The obtained results indicate that the value of the options significantly influences the NPV of the analyzed technology and its risk profile. The NPV was calculated at −169.1 million USD, while the XNPV amounted to 102.5 million USD. This difference, compared to the NPV distribution range at a significance level of 0.05, was more than 8.1% (almost 10.4% for α = 0.1). The results achieved help to explain the significance of the operational flexibility in the modeling profitability of CCGT technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019))
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21 pages, 9128 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Using Gas Turbine to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
by Dominika Matuszewska and Piotr Olczak
Energies 2020, 13(6), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061499 - 22 Mar 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3818
Abstract
Power conversion systems based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) have been identified as a potential technology especially in converting low-grade renewable sources or waste heat. However, it is necessary to improve efficiency of ORC systems. This paper focuses on use of low [...] Read more.
Power conversion systems based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) have been identified as a potential technology especially in converting low-grade renewable sources or waste heat. However, it is necessary to improve efficiency of ORC systems. This paper focuses on use of low geothermal resources (for temperature range of 80–128 °C and mass flow 100 kg/s) by using modified ORC. A modification of conventional binary power plant is conducted by combining gas turbines to increase quality of steam from a geothermal well. An analysis has been conducted for three different working fluids: R245fa, R1233zd(E) and R600. The paper discusses the impact of parameter changes not only on system efficiency but on other performance indicators. The results were compared with a conventional geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Increasing of geothermal steam quality by supplying exhaust gas from a gas turbine to the installation has a positive effect on the system efficiency and power. The highest efficiency of the modified ORC system has been obtained for R1233zd(E) as a working fluid and it reaches values from 12.21% to 19.20% (depending on the temperature of the geothermal brine). In comparison, an ORC system without gas turbine support reaches values from 9.43% to 17.54%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019))
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23 pages, 10193 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Capital and Energy Subsidies on the Optimal Design of Microgrid Systems
by Pablo Benalcazar, Adam Suski and Jacek Kamiński
Energies 2020, 13(4), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040955 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3109
Abstract
Microgrids constitute an attractive solution for the electrification of areas where grid extension is not technically feasible or prohibitively expensive. In recent years, national governments have implemented various support policies to encourage the deployment of renewable energy systems (RES) and microgrid hybrid-powered systems. [...] Read more.
Microgrids constitute an attractive solution for the electrification of areas where grid extension is not technically feasible or prohibitively expensive. In recent years, national governments have implemented various support policies to encourage the deployment of renewable energy systems (RES) and microgrid hybrid-powered systems. A fundamental aspect during the design and disposition of these types of units is the determination of the optimal configuration and sizing of each power generation component. Furthermore, the optimal design of microgrids is strongly dependent on technological parameters, local meteorological conditions, among other factors. In this context, this paper investigates the effects of different policy measures on the optimal configuration of microgrids functioning in islanded mode. A computable model is employed to carry out a set of sensitivity analyses and assess the impact of capital and fuel subsidies on the levelized cost of electricity of various systems. The model employed for this study minimizes the total life cycle costs (TLCC) over the 20-year lifetime of the microgrid project. Besides, as meteorological conditions are crucial parameters to consider while designing microgrids, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the effect of wind speed and solar irradiation on the capacities of each distributed generation units. Our results indicate that capital subsidies, as well as fuel price variations, have a substantial effect on the final design of microgrid systems for rural electrification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 3rd International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Environmental Development (SEED 2019))
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