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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2017) | Viewed by 36031

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Dr. Fredrik Haglind

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé Bygn. 403, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Interests: power plant engineering and modelling; waste heat recovery; marine machinery systems; heat exchanger and expander modelling; organic Rankine cycle units; gas turbines; combined cycles; concentrated solar power

Dr. Saiful Bari

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Guest Editor

UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
Interests: internal combustion engines; emissions; alternative fuels; waste heat recovery
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of the journal Energies on the subject area of waste heat recovery for power generation. With growing environmental concerns and the current and future emission regulations, there is a need to utilize the energy sources used for transportation, industry and other thermal plants in the most optimal way. As a means to achieve this, waste heat recovery plays an important role. There are excessive amounts of waste heat sources available which are currently not exploited, offering to reduce the primary energy usage significantly. In order to develop economically viable waste heat recovery solutions, the major challenges are to attain technologies with low specific investment costs and high performances. Moreover, in many cases the waste heat recovery solutions need to be compact and/or flexible with respect to operational variations. Waste heat recovery technologies can be based on steam Rankine cycle units, organic Rankine cycle units, Kalina cycle units, thermoelectric generators and other novel technologies. The applications include, among others, combustion engines, gas turbines, various industrial processes, and various other thermal plants for gas, liquid fuel, heat and/or power production. Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Novel waste heat recovery technologies
Detailed designs of components within waste heat recovery technologies (e.g., expanders, compressors/pumps, and heat exchangers)
Working fluid selection/design of waste heat recovery technologies
Operation and control of waste heat recovery technologies
Techno-economic and thermo-economic analyses of waste heat recovery technologies
Numerical tools for simulation, design and optimization of waste heat recovery technologies
Experimental investigations of waste heat recovery processes and components within waste heat recovery processes
Demonstrations of waste heat recovery technologies in practical applications/processes
Design of waste heat recovery technologies utilizing multiple heat sources
Integration of waste heat recovery technologies within existing and new thermal processes
Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses with respect to the design of waste heat recovery technologies

Dr. Fredrik Haglind
Dr. Saiful Bari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

waste heat recovery
steam Rankine cycle
organic Rankine cycle
Kalina cycle
thermoelectric generator
expander design
compressor design
pump design
heat exchanger design
working fluid design/selection
numerical tools
optimization
multiple heat sources

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

3149 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Waste Heat Recovery from Marine Gas Turbines and Diesel Engines

by Marco Altosole, Giovanni Benvenuto, Ugo Campora, Michele Laviola and Alessandro Trucco

Energies 2017, 10(5), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050718 - 18 May 2017

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 11065

Abstract

The paper presents the main results of a research project directed to the development of mathematical models for the design and simulation of combined Gas Turbine-Steam or Diesel-Steam plants for marine applications. The goal is to increase the energy conversion efficiency of both gas turbines and diesel engines, adopted in ship propulsion systems, by recovering part of the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gases through Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) dedicated installations. The developed models are used to identify the best configuration of the combined plants in order to optimize, for the different applications, the steam plant layout and the performance of WHR plant components. This research activity has allowed to obtain significant improvements in terms of energy conversion efficiency, but also on other important issues: dimensions and weights of the installations, ship load capacity, environmental compatibility, investment and operating costs. In particular, the main results of the present study can be summarized as follows: (a) the quantitative assessment of the advantages (and limits) deriving by the application of a Combined Gas And Steam (COGAS) propulsion system to a large container ship, in substitution of the traditional two-stroke diesel engine; (b) the proposal of optimized WHR propulsion and power systems for an oil tanker, for which a quantitative evaluation is given of the attainable advantages, in terms of fuel consumption and emissions reduction, in comparison with more traditional solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Heat Recovery)

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408 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Comparison of Organic and Steam Rankine Cycle Power Systems for Waste Heat Recovery on Large Ships

by Jesper Graa Andreasen, Andrea Meroni and Fredrik Haglind

Energies 2017, 10(4), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040547 - 17 Apr 2017

Cited by 68 | Viewed by 7619

Abstract

This paper presents a comparison of the conventional dual pressure steam Rankine cycle process and the organic Rankine cycle process for marine engine waste heat recovery. The comparison was based on a container vessel, and results are presented for a high-sulfur (3 wt %) and low-sulfur (0.5 wt %) fuel case. The processes were compared based on their off-design performance for diesel engine loads in the range between 25% and 100%. The fluids considered in the organic Rankine cycle process were MM(hexamethyldisiloxane), toluene, n-pentane, i-pentane and c-pentane. The results of the comparison indicate that the net power output of the steam Rankine cycle process is higher at high engine loads, while the performance of the organic Rankine cycle units is higher at lower loads. Preliminary turbine design considerations suggest that higher turbine efficiencies can be obtained for the ORC unit turbines compared to the steam turbines. When the efficiency of the c-pentane turbine was allowed to be 10% points larger than the steam turbine efficiency, the organic Rankine cycle unit reaches higher net power outputs than the steam Rankine cycle unit at all engine loads for the low-sulfur fuel case. The net power production from the waste heat recovery units is generally higher for the low-sulfur fuel case. The steam Rankine cycle unit produces 18% more power at design compared to the high-sulfur fuel case, while the organic Rankine cycle unit using MM produces 33% more power. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Heat Recovery)

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9145 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Potential Analysis of a Single-Valve Expander for Waste Heat Recovery of a Gasoline Engine

by Wenzhi Gao, Wangbo He, Lifeng Wei, Guanghua Li and Ziqi Liu

Energies 2016, 9(12), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121001 - 30 Nov 2016

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5640

Abstract

In this paper, a Rankine cycle test system is established to recover exhaust energy from a 2.0 L gasoline engine. Experiments on the system’s performance are carried out under various working conditions. The experimental results indicate that the recovery power of the expander is strongly related to the load and speed of the gasoline engine. It is found that when the output power of the gasoline engine is 39.8–76.6 kW, the net power of the expander is 1.8–2.97 kW, which is equivalent to 3.9%–4.9% of the engine power. The performance simulation shows that the mass flow rate, power output, and isentropic efficiency of the piston expander are directly determined by the intake valve timing. Selecting a suitable intake valve timing can optimize the performance of the expander. The simulation results show that a 1 kW increment in power can be obtained only by selecting an optimum intake open timing. The experimental results further verify that the single-valve piston expander, because of its small dimensions, simple structure, and high speed, is appropriate, and has great potential for energy recovery of gasoline engine exhaust and has good prospects for engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Heat Recovery)

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3282 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Comparison of Cooling System Designs for an Exhaust Heat Recovery System Using an Organic Rankine Cycle on a Heavy Duty Truck

by Nicolas Stanzel, Thomas Streule, Markus Preißinger and Dieter Brüggemann

Energies 2016, 9(11), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110928 - 09 Nov 2016

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6904

Abstract

A complex simulation model of a heavy duty truck, including an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based waste heat recovery system and a vehicle cooling system, was applied to determine the system fuel economy potential in a typical drive cycle. Measures to increase the system performance were investigated and a comparison between two different cooling system designs was derived. The base design, which was realized on a Mercedes-Benz Actros vehicle revealed a fuel efficiency benefit of 2.6%, while a more complicated design would generate 3.1%. Furthermore, fully transient simulation results were performed and are compared to steady state simulation results. It is shown that steady state simulation can produce comparable results if averaged road data are used as boundary conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Heat Recovery)

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1555 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Flow Rate Control Approach on Off-Design Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle System

by Ben-Ran Fu

Energies 2016, 9(9), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9090759 - 20 Sep 2016

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3967

Abstract

This study explored effects of off-design heat source temperature (T_W,in) or flow rate (m_W) on heat transfer characteristics and performance of an organic Rankine cycle system by controlling the flow rate of working fluid R245fa (i.e., the operation flow rate of R245fa was controlled to ensure that R245fa reached saturation liquid and vapor states at the outlets of the preheater and evaporator, respectively). The results showed that the operation flow rate of R245fa increased with T_W,in or m_W; higher T_W,in or m_W yielded better heat transfer performance of the designed preheater and required higher heat capacity of the evaporator; heat transfer characteristics of preheater and evaporator differed for off-design T_W,in and m_W; and net power output increased with T_W,in or m_W. The results further indicated that the control strategy should be different for various off-design conditions. Regarding maximum net power output, the flow rate control approach is optimal when T_W,in or m_W exceeds the design point, but the pressure control approach is better when T_W,in or m_W is lower than the design point. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Heat Recovery)

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