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Mycotoxin in Foods: Implications of Climate Change
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Mycotoxin in Foods: Implications of Climate Change

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 9561

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jovana Kos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: food and feed safety; mycotoxins; analytical methods; climate change; risk assessment
Dr. Elizabet Janić Hajnal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: food quality and safety; mycotoxin occurrence related to weather conditions; mycotoxin mitigation measures (conventional and novel techniques); novel cereal-based product development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jelka Pleadin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: chemical contaminants in food and feed; mycotoxins; analytical methods; climate changes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue focused on “Climate Change: Implications for Mycotoxin Contamination of Foods”.

In response to stress caused by weather conditions, especially by environmental extremes, toxigenic fungi produce mycotoxins, harmful secondary metabolites, which can contaminate a variety of food worldwide, causing numerous negative health effects, as well as economic losses. In the past few decades, the contamination of food with mycotoxins has dramatically increased, which has been closely related to the recorded climate changes. This is why the effects of climate change on mycotoxins’ contamination of food are recognized as one of the major food safety concerns, and the prevalence of this problem is rapidly increasing globally.

Furthermore, global climate change predictions indicate that trends of extreme and unusual weather conditions will continue in the future. Consequently, certain microorganisms will adapt to and withstand the stressful weather conditions that are expected, and the spectra of mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites that might be of concern in food will become broader.

The effects of climate change on mycotoxins’ contamination of food is a global existing and emerging challenge, and researchers worldwide should face it together. From an economic and health point of view, as well as the increasingly frequent occurrence of certain mycotoxins in recent years, it is evident that these food contaminants require increased attention. We are pleased to invite researchers to contribute original research papers and reviews on this topic. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • The occurrence of mycotoxins in food in relation to weather conditions.
  • Modeling of climate change impacts on mycotoxins contamination.
  • Predictive climate models for mycotoxins contamination.
  • Risk assessment and new strategies for monitoring establishment.
  • Mitigation measures.
  • The socio-economic impact of mycotoxins contamination.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jovana Kos
Dr. Elizabet Janić Hajnal
Prof. Dr. Jelka Pleadin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food safety 
  • mycotoxins 
  • toxigenic fungi 
  • climate change 
  • adaptation 
  • predictive modeling 
  • mitigation measures 
  • risk assessment 
  • economic impacts

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1046 KiB  
Article
Impact of Climate Changes on the Natural Prevalence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize Harvested in Serbia and Croatia
by Elizabet Janić Hajnal, Jovana Kos, Bojana Radić, Mislav Anić, Radmila Radović, Nina Kudumija, Ana Vulić, Sanja Đekić and Jelka Pleadin
Foods 2023, 12(5), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12051002 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1939
Abstract
Ongoing climate change may affect the susceptibility of plants to attacks by pathogenic, mostly mycotoxigenic fungi with a consequent increase in the presence of mycotoxins. Fusarium fungi represent one of the most important producers of mycotoxins, and are also important pathogens of agricultural [...] Read more.
Ongoing climate change may affect the susceptibility of plants to attacks by pathogenic, mostly mycotoxigenic fungi with a consequent increase in the presence of mycotoxins. Fusarium fungi represent one of the most important producers of mycotoxins, and are also important pathogens of agricultural crops. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to estimate the impact of weather parameters on the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins B1 and B2 (FUMs), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2, and HT-2 toxins (T-2/HT-2) in maize samples harvested from two neighboring countries, Serbia and Croatia, during a four-year production period (2018–2021). The frequency and contamination level of examined Fusarium mycotoxins varied by maize year of production and could be linked to weather conditions per investigated country. Among them, FUMs were found to be the most common contaminants (84–100%) of maize in both Serbia and Croatia. Additionally, a critical assessment of Fusarium mycotoxins occurrence in the last 10 years (2012–2021), for both Serbia and Croatia, was done. Results pointed out the highest contamination of maize from 2014, especially with DON and ZEN, in connection to extreme levels of precipitation observed in both Serbia and Croatia, whereas FUMs occurred with high prevalence from each of the ten investigated years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxin in Foods: Implications of Climate Change)
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18 pages, 439 KiB  
Article
Aflatoxins in Maize from Serbia and Croatia: Implications of Climate Change
by Jelka Pleadin, Jovana Kos, Bojana Radić, Ana Vulić, Nina Kudumija, Radmila Radović, Elizabet Janić Hajnal, Anamarija Mandić and Mislav Anić
Foods 2023, 12(3), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030548 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) represent the most important mycotoxin group, whose presence in food and feed poses significant global health and economic issues. The occurrence of AFs in maize is a burning problem worldwide, mainly attributed to droughts. In recent years, Serbia and Croatia faced [...] Read more.
Aflatoxins (AFs) represent the most important mycotoxin group, whose presence in food and feed poses significant global health and economic issues. The occurrence of AFs in maize is a burning problem worldwide, mainly attributed to droughts. In recent years, Serbia and Croatia faced climate changes followed by a warming trend. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to estimate the influence of weather on AFs occurrence in maize from Serbia and Croatia in the 2018–2021 period. The results indicate that hot and dry weather witnessed in the year 2021 resulted in the highest prevalence of AFs in maize samples in both Serbia (84%) and Croatia (40%). In maize harvested in 2018–2020, AFs occurred in less than, or around, 10% of Serbian and 20% of Croatian samples. In order to conduct a comprehensive study on the implications of climate change for the occurrence of AFs in maize grown in these two countries, the results of available studies performed in the last thirteen years were searched for and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxin in Foods: Implications of Climate Change)
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14 pages, 1705 KiB  
Article
Changes in Fusarium and Aspergillus Mycotoxin Content and Fatty Acid Composition after the Application of Ozone in Different Maize Hybrids
by Božana Purar, Ivica Djalovic, Goran Bekavac, Nada Grahovac, Saša Krstović, Dragana Latković, Elizabet Janić Hajnal and Dragan Živančev
Foods 2022, 11(18), 2877; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182877 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
Mycotoxins in maize represent a great threat to human health. For this reason, novel technics such as ozone treatment are used to reduce the content of maize mycotoxins. However, there is little knowledge about the effect of ozone treatment on maize quality parameters. [...] Read more.
Mycotoxins in maize represent a great threat to human health. For this reason, novel technics such as ozone treatment are used to reduce the content of maize mycotoxins. However, there is little knowledge about the effect of ozone treatment on maize quality parameters. This study investigated the changes in Fusarium and Aspergillus mycotoxins and the changes in fatty acids during the ozone treatment of maize samples. Sixteen maize hybrids were visually tested for the naturally occurring ear rot severity and treated with three different concentrations of ozone (40, 70, and 85 mg/L). Mycotoxin content in maize samples was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, whereas dominant fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Ozone treatments could be successfully applied to reduce the content of mycotoxins in maize below the detection limit. Ozone treatments increased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and decreased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), i.e., linoleic acid (36.7% in relation to the lowest applied ozone concentration), which negatively affected the nutritional value of maize. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxin in Foods: Implications of Climate Change)
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Review

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18 pages, 1093 KiB  
Review
Climate Change—A Global Threat Resulting in Increasing Mycotoxin Occurrence
by Jovana Kos, Mislav Anić, Bojana Radić, Manuela Zadravec, Elizabet Janić Hajnal and Jelka Pleadin
Foods 2023, 12(14), 2704; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12142704 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2782
Abstract
During the last decade, scientists have given increasingly frequent warnings about global warming, linking it to mycotoxin-producing moulds in various geographical regions across the world. In the future, more pronounced climate change could alter host resilience and host–pathogen interaction and have a significant [...] Read more.
During the last decade, scientists have given increasingly frequent warnings about global warming, linking it to mycotoxin-producing moulds in various geographical regions across the world. In the future, more pronounced climate change could alter host resilience and host–pathogen interaction and have a significant impact on the development of toxicogenic moulds and the production of their secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins. The current climate attracts attention and calls for novel diagnostic tools and notions about the biological features of agricultural cultivars and toxicogenic moulds. Since European climate environments offer steadily rising opportunities for Aspergillus flavus growth, an increased risk of cereal contamination with highly toxic aflatoxins shall be witnessed in the future. On top of that, the profile (representation) of certain mycotoxigenic Fusarium species is changing ever more substantially, while the rise in frequency of Fusarium graminearum contamination, as a species which is able to produce several toxic mycotoxins, seen in northern and central Europe, is becoming a major concern. In the following paper, a high-quality approach to a preventative strategy is tailored to put a stop to the toxicogenic mould- and mycotoxin-induced contamination of foods and feeds in the foreseeable future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxin in Foods: Implications of Climate Change)
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