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Microbial Omics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2024 | Viewed by 5884

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nicole Hansmeier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Luther College at the University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Interests: genomics; proteomics; transcriptomics; metabolomics; lipidomics; interactomics; microorganism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microorganisms face a wide variety of challenges in their natural habitats, ranging from harsh environmental conditions, harmful pollutants to host defense systems. To address these challenges, microorganisms developed diverse strategies, including dedicated genetic mechanisms, complex metabolic adaptations or biofilm formation.

Omics methodologies encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics have become invaluable for elucidating microbial adaptations.

This current Special Issue entitled “Microbial Omics” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences invites you to contribute research and review papers showcasing the use of omics technologies and methodologies to explore microbial physiology, adaptions or interactions at the molecular level, in response to challenges to their survival (e.g., environmental exposures, pollutants, antimicrobials and host defense systems).

Dr. Nicole Hansmeier
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • omics technologies
  • omics methodologies
  • microorganisms
  • proteomics
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10696 KiB  
Article
Large-Scale Biogeographical Shifts of Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Marine Bacterial Communities as Their Carriers along a Trophic Gradient
by Mia Dželalija, Željana Fredotović, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić, Hrvoje Kalinić, Slaven Jozić, Ivica Šamanić, Marin Ordulj and Ana Maravić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010654 - 4 Jan 2024
Viewed by 840
Abstract
The role of marine environments in the global spread of antibiotic resistance still remains poorly understood, leaving gaps in the One Health-based research framework. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to five major antibiotic classes, including sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracyclines [...] Read more.
The role of marine environments in the global spread of antibiotic resistance still remains poorly understood, leaving gaps in the One Health-based research framework. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to five major antibiotic classes, including sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB), β-lactams (blaCTX-M, blaTEM blaVIM), macrolides (ermB, mphA), aminoglycosides (aac3-2), and integrase gene (intl1) were quantified by RT-qPCR, and their distribution was investigated in relation to environmental parameters and the total bacterial community in bottom layer and surface waters of the central Adriatic (Mediterranean), over a 68 km line from the wastewater-impacted estuary to coastal and pristine open sea. Seasonal changes (higher in winter) were observed for antibiotic resistance frequency and the relative abundances of ARGs, which were generally higher in eutrophic coastal areas. In particular, intl1, followed by blaTEM and blaVIM, were strongly associated with anthropogenic influence and Gammaproteobacteria as their predominant carriers. Water column stratification and geographic location had a significant influence on ARGs distribution in the oligotrophic zone, where the bacterial community exhibited a seasonal shift from Gammaproteobacteria in winter to Marine group II in summer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Omics)
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26 pages, 18281 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Differential Cellular Transcriptome and Proteome Regulation by HIV-1 and HIV-2 Pseudovirions in the Early Phase of Infection
by Tamás Richárd Linkner, Viktor Ambrus, Balázs Kunkli, Zsófia Ilona Szojka, Gergő Kalló, Éva Csősz, Ajneesh Kumar, Miklós Emri, József Tőzsér and Mohamed Mahdi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010380 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
In spite of the similar structural and genomic organization of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), striking differences exist between them in terms of replication dynamics and clinical manifestation of infection. Although the pathomechanism of HIV-1 infection is well [...] Read more.
In spite of the similar structural and genomic organization of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), striking differences exist between them in terms of replication dynamics and clinical manifestation of infection. Although the pathomechanism of HIV-1 infection is well characterized, relatively few data are available regarding HIV-2 viral replication and its interaction with host–cell proteins during the early phase of infection. We utilized proteo-transcriptomic analyses to determine differential genome expression and proteomic changes induced by transduction with HIV-1/2 pseudovirions during 8, 12 and 26 h time-points in HEK-293T cells. We show that alteration in the cellular milieu was indeed different between the two pseudovirions. The significantly higher number of genes altered by HIV-2 in the first two time-points suggests a more diverse yet subtle effect on the host cell, preparing the infected cell for integration and latency. On the other hand, GO analysis showed that, while HIV-1 induced cellular oxidative stress and had a greater effect on cellular metabolism, HIV-2 mostly affected genes involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization or cellular differentiation. Proteomics analysis revealed that HIV-2 significantly downregulated the expression of proteins involved in mRNA processing and translation. Meanwhile, HIV-1 influenced the cellular level of translation initiation factors and chaperones. Our study provides insight into the understudied replication cycle of HIV-2 and enriches our knowledge about the use of HIV-based lentiviral vectors in general. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Omics)
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27 pages, 2669 KiB  
Article
RpoS-Regulated Genes and Phenotypes in the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum
by Olga Petrova, Elizaveta Semenova, Olga Parfirova, Ivan Tsers, Natalia Gogoleva, Yuri Gogolev, Yevgeny Nikolaichik and Vladimir Gorshkov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417348 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1011
Abstract
The alternative sigma factor RpoS is considered to be one of the major regulators providing stress resistance and cross-protection in bacteria. In phytopathogenic bacteria, the effects of RpoS have not been analyzed with regard to cross-protection, and genes whose expression is directly or [...] Read more.
The alternative sigma factor RpoS is considered to be one of the major regulators providing stress resistance and cross-protection in bacteria. In phytopathogenic bacteria, the effects of RpoS have not been analyzed with regard to cross-protection, and genes whose expression is directly or indirectly controlled by RpoS have not been determined at the whole-transcriptome level. Our study aimed to determine RpoS-regulated genes and phenotypes in the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Knockout of the rpoS gene in P. atrosepticum affected the long-term starvation response, cross-protection, and virulence toward plants with enhanced immune status. The whole-transcriptome profiles of the wild-type P. atrosepticum strain and its ΔrpoS mutant were compared under different experimental conditions, and functional gene groups whose expression was affected by RpoS were determined. The RpoS promoter motif was inferred within the promoter regions of the genes affected by rpoS deletion, and the P. atrosepticum RpoS regulon was predicted. Based on RpoS-controlled phenotypes, transcriptome profiles, and RpoS regulon composition, the regulatory role of RpoS in P. atrosepticum is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Omics)
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18 pages, 1840 KiB  
Article
miRNA Expression Signatures Induced by Chicken Astrovirus Infection in Chickens
by Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska, Paweł Mirosław, Jan P. Jastrzębski, Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz, Karolina Tarasiuk and Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015128 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 948
Abstract
miRNAs represent ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and play an important and pivotal regulatory role in viral disease pathogenesis and virus–host interactions. Although previous studies have provided basic data for understanding the role of miRNAs in the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in [...] Read more.
miRNAs represent ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and play an important and pivotal regulatory role in viral disease pathogenesis and virus–host interactions. Although previous studies have provided basic data for understanding the role of miRNAs in the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in birds, the role of miRNAs in the regulation of host responses to chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infection in chickens is not yet understood. In our study, we applied next-generation sequencing to profile miRNA expression in CAstV-infected chickens and to decipher miRNA-targeted specific signaling pathways engaged in potentially vital virus-infection biological processes. Among the 1354 detected miRNAs, we identified 58 mature miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in infected birds. Target prediction resulted in 4741 target genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular processes and immune responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Omics)
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19 pages, 4422 KiB  
Article
Proteomics Investigation of the Impact of the Enterococcus faecalis Secretome on MCF-7 Tumor Cells
by Moudi A. Alwehaibi, Mysoon M. Al-Ansari, Assim A. Alfadda, Reem Al-Malki, Afshan Masood, Anas M. Abdel Rahman and Hicham Benabdelkamel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914937 - 5 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1552
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer among women. The microenvironment of a cancer tumor is surrounded by various cells, including the microbiota. An imbalance between microbes and their host may contribute to the development and spread of breast cancer. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer among women. The microenvironment of a cancer tumor is surrounded by various cells, including the microbiota. An imbalance between microbes and their host may contribute to the development and spread of breast cancer. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of Enterococcus faecalis on a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) to mimic the luminal A subtype of breast cancer, using an untargeted proteomics approach to analyze the proteomic profiles of breast cancer cells after their treatment with E. faecalis in order to understand the microbiome and its role in the development of cancer. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was cultured and then treated with a 10% bacterial supernatant at two time points (24 h and 48 h) at 37 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. Proteins were then extracted and separated using two-dimensional difference (2D-DIGE) gel electrophoresis, and the statistically significant proteins (p-value < 0.05, fold change > 1.5) were identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The protein fingerprints showed a differential protein expression pattern in the cells treated with E. faecalis for 24 and 48 h compared with the control. We found 58 statistically significant proteins changes in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells affected by E. faecalis. Kilin and transgelin were upregulated after 24 h of treatment and could be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer. In addition, another protein involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation was coiled-coil domain-containing protein 154. The protein markers identified in this study may serve as possible biomarkers for breast cancer progression. This promotes their future uses as important therapeutic goals in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer and increases our understanding of the breast microbiome and its role in the development of cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Omics)
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