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Stem Cells from Dental Sources: Translational Applications in Medicine and Novel Approaches 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 10851

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Marco Tatullo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Interests: regenerative medicine; regenerative dentistry; stem cells; MSCs; biomaterials; growth factors; PRF; PRP; tissue engineering; biomimetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio Rampino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Interests: Neuroscience; translational psychiatry; stem cells; rigenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fabio Sallustio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Interests: regenerative medicine; mesenchymal stem cells; amniotic stem cells tissue engineering; stem cell reparative mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio Frigeri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
2. Dominck Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Interests: brain water homeostasis; evaluation of the different aquaporin-4 isoforms in the expression; polarization and water channel activity at the BBB level and in brain tumors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tissue engineering was initially based on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from specific sites, such as the spinal cord or umbilical cord, and biomaterials, even more biomimetic and bioactive. The searching for new biological sites, easily accessible, and rich in stem cells, has led to the discovery of numerous novel types of stem cells, alternatives to those considered as "gold standard". Recently, oral tissues have been investigated as a smart source of stem cells. MSCs isolated from human periapical cysts, for example, have been recently isolated and termed “human Periapical Cyst-MSCs” (hPCy-MSCs): they represent an innovative source of stem cells obtained from a "biological waste", able to differentiate towards both osteogenic and neurogenic lineages. Future challenges will be focused on the development of regenerative strategies with dental-derived stem cells, aimed at the overcoming the current biological limitations, to promote performing and predictable clinical results.

Contributions on these and related topics are welcomed, including original research articles and full and mini-reviews. We also very much welcome papers from postdocs, PhD students, and young researchers.

Prof. Dr. Marco Tatullo
Prof. Dr. Antonio Rampino
Prof. Dr. Fabio Sallustio
Prof. Dr. Antonio Frigeri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mesenchymal stem cells
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Regenerative dentistry
  • Biomimetic materials
  • Dental stem cells
  • Tissue engineering

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2283 KiB  
Article
Impact of Magnetic Stimulation on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
by Valentina Peluso, Laura Rinaldi, Teresa Russo, Olimpia Oliviero, Anna Di Vito, Corrado Garbi, Amerigo Giudice, Roberto De Santis, Antonio Gloria and Vincenzo D’Antò
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010188 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2537
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a time-dependent magnetic field on the biological performance of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). A Western blot analysis and Alamar Blue assay were performed to investigate the proliferative capacity of magnetically stimulated [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a time-dependent magnetic field on the biological performance of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). A Western blot analysis and Alamar Blue assay were performed to investigate the proliferative capacity of magnetically stimulated PDLSCs (PDLSCs MAG) through the study of the MAPK cascade (p-ERK1/2). The observation of ALP levels allowed the evaluation of the effect of the magnetic field on osteogenic differentiation. Metabolomics data, such as oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and ATP production provided an overview of the PDLSCs MAG metabolic state. Moreover, the mitochondrial state was investigated through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed a good viability for PDLSCs MAG. Magnetic stimulation can activate the ERK phosphorylation more than the FGF factor alone by promoting a better cell proliferation. Osteogenic differentiation was more effectively induced by magnetic stimulation. The metabolic panel indicated significant changes in the mitochondrial cellular respiration of PDLSCs MAG. The results suggested that periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can respond to biophysical stimuli such as a time-dependent magnetic field, which is able to induce changes in cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the magnetic stimulation also produced an effect on the cell metabolic profile. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that a time-dependent magnetic stimulation may improve the regenerative properties of PDLSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells from Dental Sources: Translational Applications in Medicine and Novel Approaches 2.0)
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15 pages, 6783 KiB  
Article
Intra-Individual Variability of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Features Isolated from the Same Donor
by Nela Pilbauerova, Jan Schmidt, Tomas Soukup, Jan Duska and Jakub Suchanek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13515; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413515 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1602
Abstract
It is primarily important to define the standard features and factors that affect dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for their broader use in tissue engineering. This study aimed to verify whether DPSCs isolated from various teeth extracted from the same donor exhibit intra-individual [...] Read more.
It is primarily important to define the standard features and factors that affect dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for their broader use in tissue engineering. This study aimed to verify whether DPSCs isolated from various teeth extracted from the same donor exhibit intra-individual variability and what the consequences are for their differentiation potential. The heterogeneity determination was based on studying the proliferative capacity, viability, expression of phenotypic markers, and relative length of telomere chromosomes. The study included 14 teeth (6 molars and 8 premolars) from six different individuals ages 12 to 16. We did not observe any significant intra-individual variability in DPSC size, proliferation rate, viability, or relative telomere length change within lineages isolated from different teeth but the same donor. The minor non-significant variances in phenotype were probably mainly because DPSC cell lines comprised heterogeneous groups of undifferentiated cells independent of the donor. The other variances were seen in DPSC lineages isolated from the same donor, but the teeth were in different stages of root development. We also did not observe any changes in the ability of cells to differentiate into mature cell lines—chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. This study is the first to analyze the heterogeneity of DPSC dependent on a donor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells from Dental Sources: Translational Applications in Medicine and Novel Approaches 2.0)
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Review

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18 pages, 1608 KiB  
Review
Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells (NCSCs) Obtained from Dental-Related Stem Cells (DRSCs): A Literature Review on Current Knowledge and Directions toward Translational Applications
by Oscar O. Solis-Castro, Marcelo N. Rivolta and Fiona M. Boissonade
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2714; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052714 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2808
Abstract
Evidence from dental-related stem cells (DRSCs) suggests an enhanced potential for ectodermal lineage differentiation due to their neural crest origin. Growing evidence that DRSC cultures can produce cells with a neural crest-derived stem cell (NCSC)-like phenotype supports their potential for future therapeutic approaches [...] Read more.
Evidence from dental-related stem cells (DRSCs) suggests an enhanced potential for ectodermal lineage differentiation due to their neural crest origin. Growing evidence that DRSC cultures can produce cells with a neural crest-derived stem cell (NCSC)-like phenotype supports their potential for future therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases and nerve injuries. However, most of the evidence is limited to the characterization of DRSCs as NCSCs by detecting the expression of neural crest markers. Only a few studies have provided proof of concept of an improved neuro-glial differentiation or direct applicability in relevant models. In addition, a current problem is that several of the existing protocols do not meet manufacturing standards for transferability to a clinical scenario. This review describes the current protocols to obtain NCSCs from DRSCs and their characterization. Also, it provides important considerations from previous work where DRSCs were established and characterized as mesenchymal stromal cells but studied for their neuro-glial differentiation potential. The therapeutic advancement of DRSCs would depend on establishing protocols that can yield a neural crest-like phenotype efficiently, using appropriate manufacturing standards and testing them in relevant models of disease or injury. Achieving these conditions could then facilitate and validate the therapeutic potential of DRSC-NCSCs in regenerative therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells from Dental Sources: Translational Applications in Medicine and Novel Approaches 2.0)
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25 pages, 356 KiB  
Review
Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: An Intriguing Approach for Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration
by Agnese Gugliandolo and Emanuela Mazzon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010456 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3063
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their beneficial effects and regenerative potential. In particular, dental-derived MSCs have the advantage of easier accessibility and a non-invasive isolation method. Moreover, thanks to their neural crest origin, dental MSCs seem to have a more prominent [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their beneficial effects and regenerative potential. In particular, dental-derived MSCs have the advantage of easier accessibility and a non-invasive isolation method. Moreover, thanks to their neural crest origin, dental MSCs seem to have a more prominent neuroregenerative potential. Indeed, in basal conditions they also express neuronal markers. However, it is now well known that the beneficial actions of MSCs depend, at least in part, on their secretome, referring to all the bioactive molecules released in the conditioned medium (CM) or in extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review we focus on the applications of the secretome derived from dental MSCs for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. The secretomes of different dental MSCs have been tested for their effects for neuroregenerative purposes, and the secretomes of dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth are the most studied. Both the CM and EVs obtained from dental MSCs showed that they are able to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effects. Interestingly, dental-derived MSC secretome showed stronger neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects compared to that obtained from other MSC sources. For these reasons, the secretome obtained from dental MSCs may represent a promising approach for neuroprotective treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells from Dental Sources: Translational Applications in Medicine and Novel Approaches 2.0)
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