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Inorganics
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Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials
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Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials

A special issue of Inorganics (ISSN 2304-6740). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 12264

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Binbin Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
Interests: optical materials; photophysical mechanisms; chemical sensors; biological imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Luminescent materials including fluorescent and phosphorescent materials have generated significant interest and have been thoroughly studied in a variety of fields, including light-emitting diodes, cellular imaging, chemo/biosensing and photodetectors. This Special Issue will provide a collection of the latest research activities in the field of luminescent materials such as carbon dots, aggregation-induced emission luminogens, quantum dots, room-temperature phosphorescence materials, and nanoclusters. We focus on the development of new preparation strategies of luminescent materials with a controlled structure and the current development of luminescent materials in chemo/biosensing, imaging, light-emitting diodes, cancer therapy, and information encryption, etc. Moreover, the investigation of the optical mechanism of luminescent materials is also of interest.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • The new concepts of synthesizing new type of luminescent materials;
  • The design of luminescent materials for various applications such as sensing, imaging, light-emitting diodes and anti-counterfeiting;
  • State-of-the-art technologies to improve the performance of luminescent materials;
  • Study on the optical mechanism of luminescent materials;
  • The development of luminescent materials-based devices for various applications.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Binbin Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Inorganics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • luminescent materials
  • fluorescent materials
  • phosphorescent materials
  • optical mechanism
  • device design
  • chemo/biosensing
  • imaging
  • light-emitting diodes
  • anti-counterfeiting

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2200 KiB  
Article
Different Patterns of Pd-Promoted C-H Bond Activation in (Z)-4-Hetarylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones and Consequences in Photophysical Properties
by Miguel Martínez, David Dalmau, Olga Crespo, Pilar García-Orduña, Fernando Lahoz, Antonio Martín and Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
Inorganics 2024, 12(10), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12100271 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 511
Abstract
This work aims to amplify the fluorescence of (Z)-4-hetarylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 by suppression of the hula-twist non-radiative deactivation pathway by C^N-orthopalladation of the 4-hetarylidene ring. Different (Z)-4-hetarylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones, 1a–1c, prepared by the Erlenmeyer–Plöchl method, [...] Read more.
This work aims to amplify the fluorescence of (Z)-4-hetarylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 by suppression of the hula-twist non-radiative deactivation pathway by C^N-orthopalladation of the 4-hetarylidene ring. Different (Z)-4-hetarylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones, 1a–1c, prepared by the Erlenmeyer–Plöchl method, have been studied. The orthopalladation of (Z)-2-phenyl-4-(5-thiazolylmethylene)-5(4H)-oxazolone (1a) takes place by C-H bond activation of the H4 of the heterocycle and C^N-chelation, giving the dinuclear trifluoroacetate derivative 2a. By further metathesis of bridging ligands in 2a, complexes containing the orthometalated oxazolone and a variety of ligands 3a–5a, were prepared. The study of the photophysical properties of 1a–5a shows that the bonding of the Pd metal to the 4-hetaryliden-5(4H)-oxazolone does not promote, in these cases, an increase in fluorescence. Interestingly, the orthopalladation of (Z)-2-phenyl-4-(4-thiazolylmethylene)-5(4H)-oxazolone (1b) gives orthopalladated 2b, where the incorporation of the Pd to the oxazolone takes place by C-H bond activation of the ortho-H2 of the 2-phenyl group, ring opening of the oxazolone heterocycle and simultaneous N,N-bonding of the N atoms of the thiazole ring and the generated benzamide fragment. This N^N^C-tridentate dianionic bonding mode is obtained for the first time in oxazolones. Despite a similar lock of the hula-twist deactivation, 2b does not show fluorescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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12 pages, 19537 KiB  
Article
Growth, Spectroscopic Characterization and Continuous-Wave Laser Operation of Er,Yb:GdMgB5O10Crystal
by Konstantin N. Gorbachenya, Elena A. Volkova, Victor V. Maltsev, Victor E. Kisel, Diana D. Mitina, Elizaveta V. Koporulina, Nikolai N. Kuzmin, Ekaterina I. Marchenko and Vladimir L. Kosorukov
Inorganics 2024, 12(9), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12090240 - 31 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 504
Abstract
A transparent Er3+,Yb3+:GdMgB5O10 single crystal with dimensions up to 24 × 15 × 12 mm was grown successfully by the high-temperature solution growth on dipped seeds technique from K2Mo3O10-based solvent. [...] Read more.
A transparent Er3+,Yb3+:GdMgB5O10 single crystal with dimensions up to 24 × 15 × 12 mm was grown successfully by the high-temperature solution growth on dipped seeds technique from K2Mo3O10-based solvent. The grown crystal was characterized using PXRD, DSC and ATR techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and SEM analysis of the heat-treated solids revealed Er,Yb:GdMgB5O10 to be an incongruent melting compound with an onset point of 1087 °C. The absorption edge of the Er,Yb:GMBO sample is located in the region of 245 nm, which approximates a value of 4.8 eV. Absorption and emission spectra, and luminescence kinetics, were studied. The energy transfer efficiency from ytterbium to erbium ions was determined. The laser operation in continuous-wave mode was realized and output characteristics were measured. The maximal output power of 0.15 W with a slope efficiency of 11% was obtained at 1568 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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14 pages, 8294 KiB  
Article
Orange Peel Biochar–CdS Composites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
by Xiang Li, Yuxin Zang, Jindi Zhang, Lili Zhang, Jing Zhang, Mengyang Huang and Jiaqiang Wang
Inorganics 2024, 12(6), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12060156 - 31 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 953
Abstract
Orange peel biochar (C)-supported cadmium sulfide composites (CdS-C) were prepared by the combination of hydrothermal and calcination methods. The structure and morphology were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The CdS-C composite with 60% CdS exhibited [...] Read more.
Orange peel biochar (C)-supported cadmium sulfide composites (CdS-C) were prepared by the combination of hydrothermal and calcination methods. The structure and morphology were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The CdS-C composite with 60% CdS exhibited the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 7.8 mmol·g−1·h−1, approximately 3.69 times higher than that of synthesized CdS without biochar. These results indicate that biochar derived from orange peel could be a low-cost, renewable, environmentally friendly, and metal-free co-catalyst for CdS, enhancing its photostability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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15 pages, 4757 KiB  
Article
N-S-co-Doped Carbon Dot Blue Fluorescence Preparation and Baicalein Detection
by Yujia Cheng, Yan Huang and Guang Yu
Inorganics 2024, 12(6), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12060154 - 31 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 721
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as significant fluorescent nanomaterials due to their bright, stable fluorescence, good biocompatibility, facile synthesis, etc. They are widely used in various scientific and practical applications, particularly in combination with mesoporous, florescent, or magnetic nanomaterials to enhance their properties. [...] Read more.
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as significant fluorescent nanomaterials due to their bright, stable fluorescence, good biocompatibility, facile synthesis, etc. They are widely used in various scientific and practical applications, particularly in combination with mesoporous, florescent, or magnetic nanomaterials to enhance their properties. Recent research has focused on employing CDs and their composites in drug analysis, drug loading, biological imaging, disease diagnosis, and temperature sensing, with a growing interest in their biological and medical applications. In this study, we synthesized blue-fluorescent S, N-co-doped CDs (cys-CDs) using hydrothermal synthesis with L-cysteine and sodium citrate. These resulting cys-CD particles were approximately 3.8 nm in size and exhibited stable fluorescence with a quantum yield of 0.66. By leveraging the fluorescence quenching of the cys-CDs, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for baicalein detection, achieving high sensitivity in the low micromolar range with a detection limit for baicalein of 33 nM. Our investigation revealed that the fluorescence-quenching mechanism involved static quenching and inner-filter effect components. Overall, cys-CDs proved to be effective for accurate quantitative baicalein detection in real-world samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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9 pages, 1826 KiB  
Article
Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Photoluminescent Properties of Si-Substituted CaYAlO4:Eu: Sources of Experimental Errors in Solid-State Synthesis
by Ju Hyun Oh, Yookyoung Lee, Jihee Kim, Woo Tae Hong, Hyun Kyoung Yang, Mijeong Kang and Seunghun Lee
Inorganics 2024, 12(6), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12060150 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 779
Abstract
To improve the luminescent efficiency of and to design the color spectrum of phosphors, the comprehensive understanding of the correlation between physical parameters and luminescent properties is imperative, necessitating systematic experimental studies. However, unintentional variations across individually prepared samples impede the thorough investigation [...] Read more.
To improve the luminescent efficiency of and to design the color spectrum of phosphors, the comprehensive understanding of the correlation between physical parameters and luminescent properties is imperative, necessitating systematic experimental studies. However, unintentional variations across individually prepared samples impede the thorough investigation of the correlation. In this study, we investigate the possible sources of unintentional variation in the photoluminescence properties of phosphors during sample preparation using a solid-state reaction, explicitly focusing on the ball milling process. Based on the quantitative features of the photoluminescent properties and their associated statistical errors, we explore the impact of unintentional variation alongside intended systematic variation, highlighting its potential to obscure meaningful trends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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14 pages, 3205 KiB  
Article
Lanthanide-Containing Polyoxometalate Crystallized with Bolaamphiphile Surfactants as Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Phosphors
by Rieko Ishibashi, Ruka Koike, Yoriko Suda, Tatsuhiro Kojima, Toshiyuki Sumi, Toshiyuki Misawa, Kotaro Kizu, Yosuke Okamura and Takeru Ito
Inorganics 2024, 12(6), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12060146 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 1076
Abstract
Lanthanide elements such as europium exhibit distinctive emissions due to the transitions of inner-shell 4f electrons. Inorganic materials containing lanthanide elements have been widely used as phosphors in conventional displays. The hybridization of lanthanide ions with organic components enables to control of the [...] Read more.
Lanthanide elements such as europium exhibit distinctive emissions due to the transitions of inner-shell 4f electrons. Inorganic materials containing lanthanide elements have been widely used as phosphors in conventional displays. The hybridization of lanthanide ions with organic components enables to control of the material’s shapes and properties and broadens the possibility of lanthanide compounds as inorganic–organic materials. Lanthanide ion-containing polyoxometalate anions (Ln-POM) are a promising category as an inorganic component to design and synthesize inorganic–organic hybrids. Several inorganic–organic Ln-POM systems have been reported by hybridizing with cationic surfactants as luminescent materials. However, single-crystalline ordering has not been achieved in most cases. Here, we report syntheses and structures of inorganic–organic hybrid crystals of lanthanide-based POM and bolaamphiphile surfactants with two hydrophilic heads in one molecule. An emissive decatungstoeuropate ([EuW10O36]9−, EuW10) anion was employed as a lanthanide source. The bolaamphiphile counterparts are 1,8-octamethylenediammonium ([H3N(CH2)8NH3]2+, C8N2) and 1,10-decamethylenediammonium ([H3N(CH2)10NH3]2+, C10N2). Both hybrid crystals of C8N2-EuW10 and C10N2-EuW10 were successfully obtained as single crystals, and their crystal structures were unambiguously determined using X-ray diffraction measurements. The photoluminescence properties of C8N2-EuW10 and C10N2-EuW10 were investigated by means of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The characteristic emission derived from the EuW10 anion was retained after the hybridization process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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16 pages, 3280 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Photophysical Studies of Heteroleptic Silver Complexes Bearing 2,9-Bis(styryl)-1,10-phenanthroline Ligands and Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] Ether
by Dimitrios Glykos, Athanassios C. Tsipis, John C. Plakatouras and Gerasimos Malandrinos
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050131 - 2 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1041
Abstract
Three new heteroleptic Ag(I) complexes, labeled as [AgL(POP)]BF4 (1–3), were successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Here, L represents 2,9-bis((E)-4-methoxystyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1), 2,9-bis((E)-4-methylthiostyryl) -1,10-phenanthroline (L2), and 2,9-bis((E)-4-diethylaminostyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L3), while POP stands for Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether. [...] Read more.
Three new heteroleptic Ag(I) complexes, labeled as [AgL(POP)]BF4 (1–3), were successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Here, L represents 2,9-bis((E)-4-methoxystyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1), 2,9-bis((E)-4-methylthiostyryl) -1,10-phenanthroline (L2), and 2,9-bis((E)-4-diethylaminostyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L3), while POP stands for Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether. The stability of these compounds in solution was confirmed through multinuclear 1D (1H, 13C, 31P) and 2D NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMBC, HSQC) spectroscopies. Additionally, their molecular structure was elucidated via X-ray crystallography. The photophysical properties of the complexes were assessed both in the solid state and in solution (dichloromethane). Compounds 1–3 demonstrated moderate emissions in solution, with quantum yields ranging from 11–23%. Interestingly, their solid-state luminescent behavior differed. Large bathochromic shifts (42–75 nm) of the emission maxima and a decrease in quantum yields (2.5–9.5%) were evident, possibly due to the presence of excimers. Compound 3 stands out as a rare example of an Ag(I) red-color emitter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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12 pages, 2960 KiB  
Article
Quantum Yield Enhancement of Carbon Quantum Dots Using Chemical-Free Precursors for Sensing Cr (VI) Ions
by Karthiga Anpalagan, Hong Yin, Ivan Cole, Tian Zhang and Daniel T. H. Lai
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040096 - 28 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
Quantum yield illustrates the efficiency that a fluorophore converts the excitation light into fluorescence emission. The quantum yield of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can be altered via precursors, fabrication conditions, chemical doping, and surface modifications. In this study, CQDs were first fabricated from [...] Read more.
Quantum yield illustrates the efficiency that a fluorophore converts the excitation light into fluorescence emission. The quantum yield of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can be altered via precursors, fabrication conditions, chemical doping, and surface modifications. In this study, CQDs were first fabricated from whole-meal bread using a chemical-free hydrothermal route, and a low quantum yield (0.81%) was obtained. The combination of whole-meal bread, soybean flour, and lemon juice generated CQDs with almost four folds of enhancement in quantum yield. Detailed characterization suggested that these CQDs were subjected to more complete hydrothermal reactions and had zwitterionic surfaces. The CQDs could selectively detect Cr (VI) ions with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 ppm. This study shows that the enhancement of the quantum yield of CQDs does not need chemicals, and it is achievable with food precursors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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11 pages, 2461 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Organic Spacer Cations with Different Chain Lengths on Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Properties
by Lei Zhang, Mingze Xia, Yuan Zhang, Li Song, Xiwei Guo, Yong Zhang, Yulei Wang and Yuanqin Xia
Inorganics 2024, 12(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12010012 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 2001
Abstract
In the past 20 years, perovskite-related research has attracted wide attention. The related research into two-dimensional/quasi-two-dimensional perovskite has propelled the research of perovskite materials to a new height. To improve the properties of quasi-2D perovskite, improve the stability of materials, and achieve specific [...] Read more.
In the past 20 years, perovskite-related research has attracted wide attention. The related research into two-dimensional/quasi-two-dimensional perovskite has propelled the research of perovskite materials to a new height. To improve the properties of quasi-2D perovskite, improve the stability of materials, and achieve specific functions, using different types, volumes, and lengths of organic spacers is an essential method. In this paper, quasi-2D perovskites with EDA (ethylene diammonium), PDA (1,3-propanediammonium), and BDA (1,4-butanediammonium) (m = 2–4) as organic spacers were prepared, and the effects of different organic spacers on the 2D perovskite were investigated. The results show that the length of the organic spacer significantly impacts the perovskite’s properties. A shorter organic spacer can effectively reduce the quantum confinement and dielectric confinement in perovskite. It should be noted that if the organic spacer is too short, the stability of the quasi-2D perovskite will be greatly reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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10 pages, 4195 KiB  
Article
Dual-Exciting Central Carbon Nanoclusters for the Dual-Channel Detection of Hemin
by Ya-Ting Gao, Shuai Chang, Bin-Bin Chen and Da-Wei Li
Inorganics 2023, 11(6), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11060226 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
Constructing optical nanoprobes with superior performance is highly desirable for sensitive and accurate assays. Herein, we develop a facile room-temperature strategy for the fabrication of green emissive carbon nanoclusters (CNCs) with dual-exciting centers for the dual-channel sensing of hemin. The formation of the [...] Read more.
Constructing optical nanoprobes with superior performance is highly desirable for sensitive and accurate assays. Herein, we develop a facile room-temperature strategy for the fabrication of green emissive carbon nanoclusters (CNCs) with dual-exciting centers for the dual-channel sensing of hemin. The formation of the CNCs is attributed to the crosslinking polymerization of the precursors driven by the Schiff base reaction between ethylenediamine and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. Most importantly, the proposed CNCs have a unique excitation-independent green emission (518 nm) with two excitation centers at 260 nm (channel 1) and 410 nm (channel 2). The dual-exciting central emission can serve as dual-channel fluorescence (FL) signals for highly sensitive and reliable detection of hemin based on the inner filter effect. Because of the great spectral overlap difference between the absorption spectrum of hemin and the excitation lights of the CNCs in the two channels, hemin has a different quenching effect on FL emission from different channels. The dual-channel signals of the CNCs can detect hemin in the range of 0.075–10 μM (channel 1) and 0.25–10 μM (channel 2), respectively. These findings not only offer new guidance for the facile synthesis of dual-exciting central CNCs but also establish a reliable sensing platform for the analysis of hemin in complex matrixes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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