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Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
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Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2016) | Viewed by 29604

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Daniel X.B. Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
Interests: biofabrication; bioprinting; tissue engineering; mechanical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging field that aims to produce tissue/organ substitutes or scaffolds that can grow with patients, ultimately providing a permanent solution to those who are damaged. Made from biomaterials with a porous structure, scaffolds are used to support and promote cell growth and tissue regeneration and, for this, their mechanical properties play an important role. Thus, knowing the mechanical properties of scaffolds during the course, from in vitro cell culture to in vivo implantation, is essential. Notably, the mechanical properties of scaffolds are not constant but depend upon time as the cells grow and the scaffold degrades. This Special Issue aims at providing a platform to survey and report the recent advances of the mechanical properties of TE scaffolds, which may include, but is not limited to, desired mechanical properties imposed on scaffolds, design and fabrication of scaffolds with desired mechanical properties, methods to measure and/or model mechanical properties of scaffolds, and the influence of scaffold mechanical properties on cell growth and tissue regeneration.

Prof. Dr. Daniel X.B. Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tissue engineering
  • scaffolds
  • mechanical properties
  • cell growth
  • tissue regeneration
  • biomaterials
  • degradation
  • scaffold design
  • scaffold fabrication
  • modeling
  • measure
  • in vitro; in vivo

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

4773 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Optimal Design of Biodegradable Polymeric Stents for Aneurysms Treatments
by Xue Han, Xia Wu, Michael Kelly and Xiongbiao Chen
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8010008 - 28 Feb 2017
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7425
Abstract
An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in the wall of blood vessels, occurring in major arteries of the heart and brain. Biodegradable polymeric stent-assisted coiling is expected to be the ideal treatment of wide-neck complex aneurysms. This paper presents the development of methods [...] Read more.
An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in the wall of blood vessels, occurring in major arteries of the heart and brain. Biodegradable polymeric stent-assisted coiling is expected to be the ideal treatment of wide-neck complex aneurysms. This paper presents the development of methods to fabricate and optimally design biodegradable polymeric stents for aneurysms treatment. Firstly, a dispensing-based rapid prototyping (DBRP) system was developed to fabricate coil and zigzag structures of biodegradable polymeric stents. Then, compression testing was carried out to characterize the radial deformation of the stents fabricated with the coil or zigzag structure. The results illustrated the stent with a zigzag structure has a stronger radial stiffness than the one with a coil structure. On this basis, the stent with a zigzag structure was chosen for the development of a finite element model for simulating the real compression tests. The result showed the finite element model of biodegradable polymeric stents is acceptable within a range of radial deformation around 20%. Furthermore, the optimization of the zigzag structure was performed with ANSYS DesignXplorer, and the results indicated that the total deformation could be decreased by 35.7% by optimizing the structure parameters, which would represent a significant advance of the radial stiffness of biodegradable polymeric stents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds)
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2940 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanodiamond Reinforced Chitosan for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Yu Sun, Qiaoqin Yang and Haidong Wang
J. Funct. Biomater. 2016, 7(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb7030027 - 15 Sep 2016
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 7531
Abstract
Multifunctional tissue scaffold material nanodiamond (ND)/chitosan (CS) composites with different diamond concentrations from 1 wt % to 5 wt % were synthesized through a solution casting method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray [...] Read more.
Multifunctional tissue scaffold material nanodiamond (ND)/chitosan (CS) composites with different diamond concentrations from 1 wt % to 5 wt % were synthesized through a solution casting method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nanoindentation. Compared with pristine CS, the addition of ND resulted in a significant improvement of mechanical properties, including a 239%, 276%, 321%, 333%, and 343% increase in Young’s modulus and a 68%, 96%, 114%, 118%, and 127% increase in hardness when the ND amount was 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, and 5 wt %, respectively. The strong interaction between ND surface groups and the chitosan matrix plays an important role in improving mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds)
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2995 KiB  
Article
Synchrotron-Based in Situ Characterization of the Scaffold Mass Loss from Erosion Degradation
by Nahshon K. Bawolin and Xiongbaio Chen
J. Funct. Biomater. 2016, 7(3), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb7030017 - 5 Jul 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6920
Abstract
The mass loss behavior of degradable tissue scaffolds is critical to their lifespan and other degradation-related properties including mechanical strength and mass transport characteristics. This paper presents a novel method based on synchrotron imaging to characterize the scaffold mass loss from erosion degradation [...] Read more.
The mass loss behavior of degradable tissue scaffolds is critical to their lifespan and other degradation-related properties including mechanical strength and mass transport characteristics. This paper presents a novel method based on synchrotron imaging to characterize the scaffold mass loss from erosion degradation in situ, or without the need of extracting scaffolds once implanted. Specifically, the surface-eroding degradation of scaffolds in a degrading medium was monitored in situ by synchrotron-based imaging; and the time-dependent geometry of scaffolds captured by images was then employed to estimate their mass loss with time, based on the mathematical model that was adopted from the literature of surface erosion with the experimentally-identified model parameters. Acceptable agreement between experimental results and model predictions was observed for scaffolds in a cylindrical shape, made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). This study illustrates that geometry evaluation by synchrotron-based imaging is an effective means to in situ characterize the scaffold mass loss as well as possibly other degradation-related properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds)
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2428 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Tensile Mechanical Behavior of MSCs/PLCL Hybrid Layered Sheet
by Azizah Intan Pangesty, Takaaki Arahira and Mitsugu Todo
J. Funct. Biomater. 2016, 7(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb7020014 - 3 Jun 2016
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6613
Abstract
A layered construct was developed by combining a porous polymer sheet and a cell sheet as a tissue engineered vascular patch. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sheet on the tensile mechanical properties [...] Read more.
A layered construct was developed by combining a porous polymer sheet and a cell sheet as a tissue engineered vascular patch. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sheet on the tensile mechanical properties of porous poly-(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) sheet. The porous PLCL sheet was fabricated by the solid-liquid phase separation method and the following freeze-drying method. The MSCs sheet, prepared by the temperature-responsive dish, was then layered on the top of the PLCL sheet and cultured for 2 weeks. During the in vitro study, cellular properties such as cell infiltration, spreading and proliferation were evaluated. Tensile test of the layered construct was performed periodically to characterize the tensile mechanical behavior. The tensile properties were then correlated with the cellular properties to understand the effect of MSCs sheet on the variation of the mechanical behavior during the in vitro study. It was found that MSCs from the cell sheet were able to migrate into the PLCL sheet and actively proliferated into the porous structure then formed a new layer of MSCs on the opposite surface of the PLCL sheet. Mechanical evaluation revealed that the PLCL sheet with MSCs showed enhancement of tensile strength and strain energy density at the first week of culture which is characterized as the effect of MSCs proliferation and its infiltration into the porous structure of the PLCL sheet. New technique was presented to develop tissue engineered patch by combining MSCs sheet and porous PLCL sheet, and it is expected that the layered patch may prolong biomechanical stability when implanted in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds)
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