Glaucoma Management in the Era of Personalized Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Medicine, Cell, and Organism Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 June 2025 | Viewed by 2390

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
Interests: aqueous outflow physiology; glaucoma surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glaucoma care has evolved tremendously in recent years. Advances in imaging techniques, a better understanding of aqueous humour dynamics or novel biomarkers are just a few examples. We can now tailor the diagnosis, progression monitoring and the medical and surgical treatment to the individual patient to a much greater extent than we were able to just a few years ago. Therefore, I am delighted to be the Guest Editor of this Special Issue on the topic of glaucoma management in the era of personalized medicine. Renowned experts in the field contribute an up-to-date review of their area of expertise. I am confident that this Special Issue will be of great value to clinicians as well as scientists as a go-to reference for up-to-date personalized glaucoma care.

Dr. Clemens A. Strohmaier
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • glaucoma
  • intraocular pressure
  • OCT imaging
  • biomarkers
  • aqueous humour dynamics
  • genetics
  • minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
  • glaucoma surgery
  • medical glaucoma therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3036 KiB  
Article
Protection against Oxidative Stress by Coenzyme Q10 in a Porcine Retinal Degeneration Model
by Leonie Deppe, Ana M. Mueller-Buehl, Teresa Tsai, Carl Erb, H. Burkhard Dick and Stephanie C. Joachim
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(4), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14040437 - 22 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1397
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. Therefore, we analyzed if the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is also commercially available, can prevent retinal degeneration induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a porcine organ culture [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. Therefore, we analyzed if the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is also commercially available, can prevent retinal degeneration induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a porcine organ culture model. Retinal explants were cultivated for eight days, and H2O2 (500 µM, 3 h) induced the oxidative damage. CoQ10 therapy was applied (700 µM, 48 h). Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and microglia were examined immunohistologically in all groups (control, H2O2, H2O2 + CoQ10). Cellular, oxidative, and inflammatory genes were quantified via RT-qPCR. Strong RGC loss was observed with H2O2 (p ≤ 0.001). CoQ10 elicited RGC protection compared to the damaged group at a histological (p ≤ 0.001) and mRNA level. We detected more microglia cells with H2O2, but CoQ10 reduced this effect (p = 0.004). Cellular protection genes (NRF2) against oxidative stress were stimulated by CoQ10 (p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidative stress (SOD2) increased through H2O2 (p = 0.038), and CoQ10 reduced it to control level. Our novel results indicate neuroprotection via CoQ10 in porcine retina organ cultures. In particular, CoQ10 appears to protect RGCs by potentially inhibiting apoptosis-related pathways, activating intracellular protection and reducing mitochondrial stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glaucoma Management in the Era of Personalized Medicine)
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Review

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16 pages, 287 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology in Glaucoma: A Review
by Emanuele Tonti, Sofia Tonti, Flavia Mancini, Chiara Bonini, Leopoldo Spadea, Fabiana D’Esposito, Caterina Gagliano, Mutali Musa and Marco Zeppieri
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(10), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14101062 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 616
Abstract
Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, necessitating precise management strategies tailored to individual patient characteristics. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in revolutionizing the approach to glaucoma care by providing personalized interventions. Aim: This review explores the current landscape of [...] Read more.
Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, necessitating precise management strategies tailored to individual patient characteristics. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in revolutionizing the approach to glaucoma care by providing personalized interventions. Aim: This review explores the current landscape of AI applications in the personalized management of glaucoma patients, highlighting advancements, challenges, and future directions. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to 2024. Studies exploring the use of AI techniques in personalized management strategies for glaucoma patients were included. Results: The review identified diverse AI applications in glaucoma management, ranging from early detection and diagnosis to treatment optimization and prognosis prediction. Machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models, demonstrated high accuracy in diagnosing glaucoma from various imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field tests. AI-driven risk stratification tools facilitated personalized treatment decisions by integrating patient-specific data with predictive analytics, enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Moreover, AI-based teleophthalmology platforms enabled remote monitoring and timely intervention, improving patient access to specialized care. Conclusions: Integrating AI technologies in the personalized management of glaucoma patients holds immense potential for optimizing clinical decision-making, enhancing treatment efficacy, and mitigating disease progression. However, challenges such as data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and regulatory concerns warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on refining AI algorithms, validating their clinical utility through large-scale prospective studies, and ensuring seamless integration into routine clinical practice to realize the full benefits of personalized glaucoma care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glaucoma Management in the Era of Personalized Medicine)
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