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Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease
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Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 7019

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dmitri Shchekochikhin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Preventive and Emergency Cardiology of the Faculty of Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Interests: preventive cardiology; miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases; heart failure; cardiorenal syndrome; amyloidosis; cardi-ooncology
Prof. Dr. Philipp Kopylov

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Personalized Cardiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Interests: distant monitoring in cardiology; e-health; artificial intelligence; molecular basis of atherosclerosis; personalized medi-cine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite advances in its diagnosis and treatment, CAD is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the global human population, affecting both developing and developed countries, where it is the major cause of death in both cases. There are gaps in the evidence regarding the pathophysiology of CAD, and the need to create more specific guidelines for its diagnosis, management, and treatment is increasing. CAD represents a wide spectrum of conditions, both acute and chronic, that comprise the continuum of coronary arteries atherosclerosis. Recent advances in laboratory studies have revealed new mechanisms underlying disease development and novel targets for treatment, including vascular inflammation, lipid regulations, and endothelial dysfunction. Novel technologies allow more precise CAD risk stratification, diagnosis, and treatment. However, its impact on outcomes is unknown.

In the current Special Issue, we would like to discuss several topics related to CAD and the field of precision medicine that have emerged, including 1) potential biomarkers of CAD, specifically circulating microRNA profiling; 2) novel modalities in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for CAD diagnostics; 3) distant monitoring and telehealth in CAD patient care; 4) pharmacogenomics of CAD patients; 5) emerging technologies in intervention cardiology.

We hope the information gathered in this issue will be useful to our readers and play a role in improving diagnostics and enhancing treatment options for patients.

Dr. Dmitri Shchekochikhin
Prof. Dr. Philipp Kopylov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • miRNA
  • coronary artery disease
  • telemedicine
  • e-health
  • CTA

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 156 KiB  
Editorial
Personalized Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease: Where Are We in 2022?
by Dmitry Shchekochikhin and Philipp Kopylov
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091446 - 1 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1081
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and in most developing countries [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 1502 KiB  
Article
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Predictors of Major Bleeding Events in Patients with an Acute Coronary Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Combined Antithrombotic Therapy
by Olga Baturina, Maria Chashkina, Denis Andreev, Karin Mirzaev, Alexandra Bykova, Alexandr Suvorov, Daria Yeryshova, Svetlana Suchkova, Dmitry Sychev and Abram Syrkin
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(9), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091371 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 903
Abstract
Objective: This study’s objective was to evaluate the effects of pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic factors on major bleeding in patients with ACS and non-valvular AF receiving combined antithrombotic therapy consisting of rivaroxaban, clopidogrel, and aspirin as part of dual or triple therapy. Methods: A [...] Read more.
Objective: This study’s objective was to evaluate the effects of pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic factors on major bleeding in patients with ACS and non-valvular AF receiving combined antithrombotic therapy consisting of rivaroxaban, clopidogrel, and aspirin as part of dual or triple therapy. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in two PCI centers in Moscow, the Russian Federation, from 2017 to 2018. One hundred patients with ACS and AF were enrolled. Prospective follow-ups continued for 12 months. Results: A total of 36 patients experienced bleeding events, with 10 experiencing major bleeding based on the BARC scale and 17 experiencing major bleeding based on the ISTH scale. The following predictors associated with an increased number of major bleeding events were identified: for the ISTH scale, a Css min. of rivaroxaban of >137 pg/mL (5.94 OR, (95% CI, 3.13–12.99; p < 0.004)) and carriage of the T allelic variant polymorphism ABCB1 rs4148738 (8.97 OR (95% CI, 1.48–14.49; p < 0.017)), as well as for the BARC scale (5.76 OR (95% CI, 2.36–9.87; p < 0.018)). Conclusions: Measuring residual steady-state rivaroxaban concentrations and determining the carriage of the T allelic variant polymorphism ABCB1 rs4148738 may be applicable to high-risk patients for subsequent antithrombotic therapy modification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease)
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16 pages, 3698 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of microRNA Expression Features in Patients with Various Types of Arterial Damage: Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Coronary Atherosclerosis
by Ange Veroniqe Ngo Bilong Ekedi, Andrey N. Rozhkov, Dmitry Yu. Shchekochikhin, Nina A. Novikova, Philippe Yu. Kopylov, Afina A. Bestavashvili, Tatiana V. Ivanova, Andrey V. Zhelankin, Eduard V. Generozov, Dmitry N. Konanov and Anna S. Akselrod
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(7), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071161 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1246
Abstract
Circulating serum miRNA are increasingly used as biomarkers and potential treatment targets in several clinical scenarios, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the current data on circulating miRNA in thoracic aorta aneurism (TAA) patients are inconclusive. The aim of the present study is to compare [...] Read more.
Circulating serum miRNA are increasingly used as biomarkers and potential treatment targets in several clinical scenarios, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the current data on circulating miRNA in thoracic aorta aneurism (TAA) patients are inconclusive. The aim of the present study is to compare the levels of several circulating miRNA in patients with degenerative TAA, coronary artery disease (CAD), and controls for special profile identification. We have identified several candidates for the role of new biomarkers: miR-143-3p, miR-181-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-195-5p. Materials and methods: Serum samples of 100 patients were analyzed, including 388 TAA patients scheduled for elective surgery, 67 patients with stable CAD and 17 controls, were used for miRNA isolation and identification. Results: More specific for TAA with very high predictive ability in ROC analysis was an increase in the levels of miR-21-5p, miR-29b-5p, miR-126-5p/-3p, miR-181b-5p, and miR-92a-3p, with the latter microRNA being investigated as a novel potential marker of TAA for the first time. Conclusion: TAA and CAD patients demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of circulating miR-126-5p/-3p, miR-181b-5p, and miR-29b-3p. More specific for TAA with very high predictive ability in ROC analysis was an increase in the levels of miR-21-5p, -29b-5p, -126-5p/-3p, 181b-5p, and -92a-3p, with the latter microRNA being investigated as a potential marker of TAA for the first time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease)
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11 pages, 1417 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Angiographic Findings in High-Risk Immigrant Communities in Italy
by Saverio Muscoli, Aikaterini Andreadi, Claudia Tamburro, Massimo Russo, Roberto Rosenfeld, Pietro Oro, Mihaela Ifrim, Federica Porzio, Lucy Barone, Francesco Barillà and Davide Lauro
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(6), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060882 - 23 May 2023
Viewed by 1281
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) considerably varies by ethnicity. High-risk populations include patients from Eastern Europe (EEP), the Middle East and North Africa (MENAP) and South Asia (SAP). Methods: This retrospective study aims to highlight cardiovascular risk factors and specific [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) considerably varies by ethnicity. High-risk populations include patients from Eastern Europe (EEP), the Middle East and North Africa (MENAP) and South Asia (SAP). Methods: This retrospective study aims to highlight cardiovascular risk factors and specific coronary findings in high-risk immigrant groups. We examined the medical records and coronary angiographies of 220 patients from the above-mentioned high-risk ethnic groups referred for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and compared them with 90 Italian patients (IP) from 2016 to 2021. In the context of high-risk immigrant populations, this retrospective study aims to shed light on cardiovascular risk factors and particular coronary findings. We analyzed the medical records of 220 patients from the high-risk ethnic groups described above referred for ACS and compared them with 90 IPs between 2016 and 2021. In addition, we assessed coronary angiographies with a focus on the culprit lesion, mainly evaluating multi-vessel and left main disease. Results: The mean age at the first event was 65.4 ± 10.2 years for IP, 49.8 ± 8.5 years for SAP (Relative Reduction (ReR) 30.7%), 51.9 ± 10.2 years for EEP (ReR 26%) and 56.7 ± 11.4 years for MENAP (ReR 15.3%); p < 0.0001. The IP group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension. EEP and MENAP had a lower prevalence of diabetes. EEP and MENAP had a higher prevalence of STEMI events; SAP showed a significant prevalence of left main artery disease (p = 0.026) and left anterior descending artery disease (p = 0.033) compared with other groups. In SAP, we detected a higher prevalence of three-vessel coronary artery disease in the age group 40–50. Conclusions: Our data suggest the existence of a potential coronary phenotype in several ethnicities, especially SAP, and understate the frequency of CV risk factors in other high-risk groups, supporting the role of a genetic influence in these communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease)
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7 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
A Single Center Initial Experience with Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (RA-MIDCAB)
by Antonio Piperata, Olivier Busuttil, Jean-Luc Jansens, Thomas Modine, Mathieu Pernot and Louis Labrousse
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(11), 1895; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111895 - 12 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1877
Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive procedures have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the recovery times while ensuring optimal results and minimizing complications. Regarding the coronary artery surgical revascularization field, the evolution of techniques and technology is permitting new surgical strategies that are increasingly precise and [...] Read more.
Background: Minimally invasive procedures have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the recovery times while ensuring optimal results and minimizing complications. Regarding the coronary artery surgical revascularization field, the evolution of techniques and technology is permitting new surgical strategies that are increasingly precise and suitable for each patient. We present an initial single center experience with a case series of patients successfully treated with combined robotic harvesting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass graft (MIDCAB) for the anastomosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery revascularization with the use of two combined techniques at our Institution between January 2021 and October 2022. Results: A total of 17 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with the described approach. The median cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cross-clamp times were 83 min (76–115) and 38 min (32–58), respectively. The median intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay were 2 days (1–4) and 8 days (6–11), respectively. The procedure’s success was achieved in 100% of patients. The 30-day mortality was 0%. Conclusions: Considering all the limitations related to the small sample, the presented results of a hybrid approach for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) appears to be encouraging and acceptable. The main advantage of this approach is related to the reduction of postoperative pain and pulmonary complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease)
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