Submit to Materials Review for Materials Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Advanced Materials for Transport Applications

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2019) | Viewed by 38843

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lehmhus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

ISIS Sensorial Materials Scientific Centre, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Interests: porous and cellular metals; metal foams; syntactic foams; metal matrix syntactic foams; metal matrix composites; powder metallurgy; powder technology; finite element analysis; integrated computational materials engineering (ICME); smart structures; sensor integration; sensorial materials; structural health monitoring (SHM)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Joachim Hausmann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department Component Development, Leibniz-Insitut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Interests: composite materials; hybrid materials; component design; mechanical testing; stress analyses; residual stresses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Axel von Hehl

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering – IWT, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Interests: alloy development for additive manufacturing; multi-material design; hybrid materials; selective laser melting; heat treatment; joining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr.-Ing. habil. Jörg Hohe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany
Interests: composite materials; cellular materials and solid foams; micromechanics; homogenization; design-of-materials; finite element analysis; integrated computational materials engineering (ICME); material models and implementation; optimization; probabilistic analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. René Alderliesten

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: hybrid materials and structures; structural performance; structural integrity; fatigue; damage resistance; damage tolerance; durability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr.-Ing. Kambiz Kayvantash

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Société CADLM, 32 rue Victor Balloche, 91320 Wissous, France
Interests: numerical analysis; simulation and modeling; optimization; reliability and robustness; data mining; Artificial Intelligence; manufacturing and process health monitoring; material modeling; passenger safety; biomechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The present Special Issue is linked to the symposium E6, also entitled;Advanced Materials for Transport Applications, which will take place within the framework of the Euromat 2017 conference, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, 17-22 September, 2017. The Euromat 2017 conference is organized by the Federation of European Materials Societies (FEMS) and is one of the largest events of its kind in Europe, covering the whole field of materials science and technology through a large number of dedicated symposia and attracting roughly 2000 attendees. Within this framework, our own symposium addresses questions related to the use of advanced materials in the transport industry, which includes the aerospace, automotive, railway and maritime sector. The symposium is the fifth of its kind at Euromat and thus continues a series which originated at Euromat 2009 and continued through the events in 2011, 2013, and 2015 until the present year.

To set a thematic focus beyond the area of application, we are specifically looking for contributions on

Additive Manufacturing for Transport Applications (Editors: Lehmhus, von Hehl)
Hybrid Engineering Materials and Structures for Multi-Material Designs (von Hehl, Alderliesten, Hausmann)
Light Weight Design and Composite Materials (all)
Intelligent Materials, Structures and Systems (Lehmhus)
Simulation, Modeling, Optimization and Big Data Applications for Process Discovery (Kayvantash, Hohe, Hausmann)

While the core of the Special Issue's contributions is meant to be sourced from the Euromat symposium, submissions are not limited to Euromat 2017 contributors. Instead, we explicitly welcome external submissions. The focal topics listed above are not meant to exclude articles from additional areas, as long as a link to applications in the transport sector is there. Similarly, we do not intend to limit the Special Issue's focus to structural materials only, but will endeavor to also include studies on functional materials with relevance for applications in transportation.

We are looking forward to receiving your submissions and would like to kindly invite you to address any of the Guest Editors in case of further questions.

Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lehmhus
Prof. Joachim Hausmann
Dr.-Ing. Axel von Hehl
Dr.-Ing. Joerg Hohe
Dr.ir. R.C. Alderliesten
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kambiz Kayvantash
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

lightweight design
hybrid materials
hybrid structures
additive manufacturing
smart structures
material modeling
modeling and simulation
optimization
numerical analysis
artificial intelligence and data mining
design-of-materials
aerospace
automotive
railway
maritime industry
crash and safety
structural health monitoring
adaptive structures
composites
multi-material design

Published Papers (9 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

15 pages, 3373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Behavior of SMA Mixtures with Different Fillers Through the Semicircular Bend (SCB) Fracture Test

by Pedro Limón-Covarrubias, David Avalos Cueva, Gonzalo Valdés Vidal, Oscar Javier Reyes Ortiz, Rey Omar Adame Hernández and José Roberto Galaviz González

Materials 2019, 12(2), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020288 - 17 Jan 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4052

Abstract

In most cases, stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures placed in thin layers and subjected to stress develop early cracks (potentially resulting from being improperly affixed to the underlying layer, placed over previously cracked asphalt pavement, or placed over Portland cement concrete slabs). However, the filler used in SMA production is very influential on the performance of the mix. Fillers used in this type of mixture have a low plastic index or are inert (calcium carbonate or lime), so it is important to understand the effect of each material on the possible fissuring and cracking process of the SMA mixture. The objective of this study is to present an evaluation of the behavior of SMA asphalt mixtures with different types of filler and at different temperatures using the semicircular bend (SCB) fracture energy test. This research compares results between fracture energy and different types of filler in SMA asphalt mixtures at temperatures ranging from −10 to 25 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 6435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Microstructure and Crack Evolution Behavior of Al-5Fe-1.5Er Alloy

by Ming Li, Zhiming Shi, Xiufeng Wu, Huhe Wang and Yubao Liu

Materials 2019, 12(1), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010172 - 07 Jan 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3086

Abstract

In this work, the microstructure of Al-5Fe-1.5Er alloy was characterized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The effect of microstructure on the behavior of crack initiation and propagation was investigated using in situ tensile testing. The results showed that when 1.5 wt.% Er was added in the Al-5Fe alloy, the microstructure consisted of α-Al matrix, Al₃Fe, Al₄Er, and Al₃Fe + Al₄Er eutectic phases. The twin structure of Al₃Fe phase was observed, and the twin plane was {001}. Moreover, a continuous concave and convex interface structure of Al₄Er was observed. Furthermore, Al₃Fe was in the form of a sheet with a clear gap inside. In situ tensile tests of the alloy at room temperature showed that the crack initiation mainly occurred in the Al₃Fe phase, and that the crack propagation modes included intergranular and trans-granular expansions. The crack trans-granular expansion was due to the strong binding between Al₄Er phases and surrounding organization, whereas the continuous concave and convex interface structure of Al₄Er provided a significant meshing effect on the matrix and the eutectic structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 4103 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Composite Tensile Properties during Resin Infusion Based on a Computer Vision Flow-Control Approach

by Juan-Antonio Almazán-Lázaro, Elías López-Alba and Francisco-Alberto Díaz-Garrido

Materials 2018, 11(12), 2469; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122469 - 05 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4272

Abstract

Liquid composite manufacturing techniques, mainly applied in the transport industry, have been studied and optimized for decades while defect analysis and its minimization have been a goal to increase reliability and mechanical performance. Researchers have found that many process parameters have a strong influence on the mechanical behavior of composite structures where the flow front velocity, closely related to voids, plays a considerable role. In this work, the optimal flow front velocity was evaluated and controlled using a computer vision system for different laminates improving the mechanical tensile properties and void content. Enhanced mechanical tensile properties were found using a feedback flow-controller vision system which was able to keep the optimal flow front velocity constant to reduce the air traps among tows and fibers. Tensile strength was enhanced up to 18% for fiber orientation at 0° and 3.3% at 90°, whereas tensile modulus was increased up to 18.4% for fibers at 0° and 8.7% at 90°. A novel methodology is presented through this work, aiming to improve the robustness of resin film infusion (RFI) processes while ensuring the quality of the composite material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2788 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Filler–Bitumen Ratio and Mineral Filler Characteristics on the Low-Temperature Performance of Bitumen Mastics

by Chuanfeng Zheng, Ruiming Li, Linlin Zou, Dan Lv and Yazhi Xu

Materials 2018, 11(7), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071155 - 06 Jul 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3265

Abstract

This study analyzed the effects of the filler–bitumen interaction of the content and the meso powder characteristics of the mineral filler on the low-temperature performance of bitumen mastics. Control strategies for the mineral filler content (filler–bitumen ratio (R_FB)) were also determined. Panjin #90 bitumen and styrene–butadiene–styrene polymer-modified bitumen were used in the experiment. Four kinds of limestone powder were used, all of which satisfy the Chinese standard for powder particle size but exhibit different meso characteristics. Each kind of limestone powder was used to prepare bitumen mastic samples under five different R_FBs. The meso voids in the unit mass (V_g) of the four kinds of mineral filler were tested on the basis of the principle of the Rigden void ratio. The fixed bitumen–free bitumen ratio in the bitumen mastic samples was determined using V_g, bitumen density, and R_FB. The low-temperature cohesive strength of the bitumen mastics was used as the control index for critical failure, whereas variation rates of bending creep stiffness at low temperature were used as the control index for fatigue failure. Results showed that the effects of the filler–bitumen interaction of the content and the meso characteristics of the mineral filler are significant and such effects are determined by the fixed bitumen–free bitumen ratio. The optimal fixed bitumen–free bitumen ratio in the bitumen mastics under two low-temperature conditions (−30 °C and −10 °C) can be determined on the basis of the influence of the fixed bitumen–free bitumen ratio on the critical and the failure control indices. Moreover, R_FB can be obtained through reverse calculation. The mineral filler content can therefore be precisely controlled, which is crucial for the rational use of mineral filler and for the improvement of the pavement performance of bitumen mastics at low temperatures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 66765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructure and Deformation Response of TRIP-Steel Syntactic Foams to Quasi-Static and Dynamic Compressive Loads

by David Ehinger, Jörg Weise, Joachim Baumeister, Alexander Funk, Anja Waske, Lutz Krüger and Ulrich Martin

Materials 2018, 11(5), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050656 - 24 Apr 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4840

Abstract

The implementation of hollow S60HS glass microspheres and Fillite 106 cenospheres in a martensitically transformable AISI 304L stainless steel matrix was realized by means of metal injection molding of feedstock with varying fractions of the filler material. The so-called TRIP-steel syntactic foams were studied with respect to their behavior under quasi-static compression and dynamic impact loading. The interplay between matrix material behavior and foam structure was discussed in relation to the findings of micro-structural investigations, electron back scatter diffraction EBSD phase analyses and magnetic measurements. During processing, the cenospheres remained relatively stable retaining their shape while the glass microspheres underwent disintegration associated with the formation of pre-cracked irregular inclusions. Consequently, the AISI 304L/Fillite 106 syntactic foams exhibited a higher compression stress level and energy absorption capability as compared to the S60HS-containing variants. The

α^{'}

-martensite kinetic of the steel matrix was significantly influenced by material composition, strain rate and arising deformation temperature. The highest ferromagnetic

α^{'}

-martensite phase fraction was detected for the AISI 304L/S60HS batches and the lowest for the TRIP-steel bulk material. Quasi-adiabatic sample heating, a gradual decrease in strain rate and an enhanced degree of damage controlled the mechanical deformation response of the studied syntactic foams under dynamic impact loading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 16303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary In-Situ Evaluation of an Innovative, Semi-Flexible Pavement Wearing Course Mixture Using Fast Falling Weight Deflectometer

by Chiara Pratelli, Giacomo Betti, Tullio Giuffrè and Alessandro Marradi

Materials 2018, 11(4), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040611 - 16 Apr 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3709

Abstract

In the last forty, years semi-flexible pavements have been successfully employed, especially in those areas subjected to heavy and slow-moving loads. They usually comprise a wearing course of Grouted Macadam, a composite pavement material that provides significant advantages in comparison to both concrete and asphalt pavements. On the other hand, the laying process of this material is a two-stage operation, and the realization complexity leads to long realization times and high initial costs. Therefore, the use of semi-flexible pavements has been limited to some fields of application and areas. Recently, an innovative material has been developed to be used as an alternative to Grouted Macadam for semi-flexible pavement wearing course realization. This material should provide similar or even superior characteristics compared to traditional Grouted Macadam. This will reduce semi-flexible pavement construction time and avoid the need for dividing the laying process. This paper presents an experimental program involving the use of FastFWD, as an APT device, to evaluate in-situ properties and performance of this material. The achieved results regarding the validation of this new material by means of FastFWD appear promising both in terms of the material’s properties and resistance to dynamic load repetitions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 19384 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Absorption Capacity in Natural Fiber Reinforcement Composites Structures

by Elías López-Alba, Sebastian Schmeer and Francisco Díaz

Materials 2018, 11(3), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11030418 - 13 Mar 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6400

Abstract

The study of natural fiber reinforcement composite structures has focused the attention of the automobile industry due to the new regulation in relation to the recyclability and the reusability of the materials preserving and/or improving the mechanical characteristics. The influence of different parameters on the material behavior of natural fiber reinforced plastic structures has been investigated, showing the potential for transport application in energy absorbing structures. Two different woven fabrics (twill and hopsack) made of flax fibers as well as a non-woven mat made of a mixture of hemp and kenaf fibers were employed as reinforcing materials. These reinforcing textiles were impregnated with both HD-PE (high-density polyethylen) and PLA (polylactic acid) matrix, using a continuous compression molding press. The impregnated semi-finished laminates (so-called organic sheets) were thermoformed in a second step to half-tubes that were assembled through vibration-welding process to cylindric crash absorbers. The specimens were loaded by compression to determine the specific energy absorption capacity. Quasi-static test results were compared to dynamic test data obtained on a catapult arrangement. The differences on the specific energies absorption (SEA) as a function of different parameters, such as the wall thickness, the weave material type, the reinforced textiles, and the matrix used, depending on the velocity rate application were quantified. In the case of quasi-static analysis it is observed a 20% increment in the SEA value when wove Hopsack fabric reinforcement is employed. No velocity rate influence from the material was observed on the SEA evaluation at higher speeds used to perform the experiments. The influence of the weave configuration (Hopsack) seems to be more stable against buckling effects at low loading rates with 10% higher SEA values. An increase of SEA level of up to 72% for PLA matrix was observed when compared with HD-PE matrix. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 8704 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modal Identification in an Automotive Multi-Component System Using HS 3D-DIC

by Ángel Jesús Molina-Viedma, Elías López-Alba, Luis Felipe-Sesé and Francisco A. Díaz

Materials 2018, 11(2), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020241 - 05 Feb 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4422

Abstract

The modal characterization of automotive lighting systems becomes difficult using sensors due to the light weight of the elements which compose the component as well as the intricate access to allocate them. In experimental modal analysis, high speed 3D digital image correlation (HS 3D-DIC) is attracting the attention since it provides full-field contactless measurements of 3D displacements as main advantage over other techniques. Different methodologies have been published that perform modal identification, i.e., natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes using the full-field information. In this work, experimental modal analysis has been performed in a multi-component automotive lighting system using HS 3D-DIC. Base motion excitation was applied to simulate operating conditions. A recently validated methodology has been employed for modal identification using transmissibility functions, i.e., the transfer functions from base motion tests. Results make it possible to identify local and global behavior of the different elements of injected polymeric and metallic materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 11611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modal Parameters Evaluation in a Full-Scale Aircraft Demonstrator under Different Environmental Conditions Using HS 3D-DIC

by Ángel Jesús Molina-Viedma, Elías López-Alba, Luis Felipe-Sesé, Francisco A. Díaz, Javier Rodríguez-Ahlquist and Manuel Iglesias-Vallejo

Materials 2018, 11(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020230 - 02 Feb 2018

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3837

Abstract

In real aircraft structures the comfort and the occupational performance of crewmembers and passengers are affected by the presence of noise. In this sense, special attention is focused on mechanical and material design for isolation and vibration control. Experimental characterization and, in particular, experimental modal analysis, provides information for adequate cabin noise control. Traditional sensors employed in the aircraft industry for this purpose are invasive and provide a low spatial resolution. This paper presents a methodology for experimental modal characterization of a front fuselage full-scale demonstrator using high-speed 3D digital image correlation, which is non-invasive, ensuring that the structural response is unperturbed by the instrumentation mass. Specifically, full-field measurements on the passenger window area were conducted when the structure was excited using an electrodynamic shaker. The spectral analysis of the measured time-domain displacements made it possible to identify natural frequencies and full-field operational deflection shapes. Changes in the modal parameters due to cabin pressurization and the behavior of different local structural modifications were assessed using this methodology. The proposed full-field methodology allowed the characterization of relevant dynamic response patterns, complementing the capabilities provided by accelerometers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Transport Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Advanced Materials for Transport Applications

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (9 papers)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI