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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 10839

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Prof. Alexandre Maitre

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Guest Editor

Institute of Research for Ceramics (IRCER), Universite de Limoges, Limoges, France
Interests: high temperature ceramics; sintering; analytical modelling; thermo-mechanical properties

Prof. Sylvie Foucaud

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Guest Editor

Institute of Research for Ceramics (IRCER), Universite de Limoges, Limoges, France
Interests: ceramic powder; polymer derived ceramic; high temperature

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High performance ceramics are usually developed because of their excellent behavior under high temperature of manufacturing and use. Consequently, these materials are well adapted to severe operating conditions (e.g., reactive/corrosive environment). At least three main topics must be specifically addressed into this area, namely: (i) the thermo-structural ceramics must exhibit resistance to oxidation and corrosion phenomenon, and/or thermo-mechanical performances at a high temperature; (ii) the protective/functional ceramics designed for special applications requiring electric, magnetic, or optical properties; (iii) functionally-graded ceramics showing a well-controlled architecture (i.e., a gradient composition and microstructural gradient). Several families of ceramics can then be targeted, namely: oxides, non-oxides, monoliths, composites, lamellar ceramics showing an anisotropic microstructure (e.g., MAX, MXENEs, and eutectic ceramic phases), and carbon-based materials. The developing high-performance ceramics need to set up innovative manufacturing processes, which could involve additive manufacturing, non-conventional sintering method, and so on. To complement this, the analytical and/or numerical modelling at appropriate scales (from atom to microstructure) of high-performance ceramics during their elaboration process, up to their use under working conditions, will be also considered.

Prof. Alexandre Maitre
Prof. Sylvie Foucaud
Guest Editors

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Keywords

ceramics
performance
high temperature
corrosion
oxidation
functional
property gradient
simulation
modelling

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Young’s Modulus and Vickers Hardness of the Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics with a Small Amount of the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Maksym Barabashko, Alexander Ponomarev, Anastasiya Rezvanova, Vladimir Kuznetsov and Sergey Moseenkov

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5304; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155304 - 01 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1546

Abstract

The Vickers hardness and Young’s modulus of the hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with a small amount of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied by using ultramicrotester Shimadzu for dynamic tests DUH-211. Small concentrations of MWCNTs were from 0.05 to 0.5 wt.%. The argon inert atmosphere and vacuum condition were taken for the prevention of the MWCNTs oxidation. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area S_BET of the HA-MWCNTs composites was determined by thermal adsorption-desorption of nitrogen. It was found that for HA-MWCNTs sintered in the Ar atmosphere, an increase in the concentration of nanotubes up to 0.5 wt.% leads to a decrease in porosity near 3 times in comparison to HA without MWCNTs additives. The small amount of additives of multi-walled carbon nanotubes leads to an increase in hardness of 1.3 times and compression strength of composite and compression strength of composite that is comparable in absolute values with the literature data of enamel hardness (3–5 GPa) and compression strength (95–370 MPa). The absolute values increase close to linearly with the increase of nanotube concentrations. The Young’s modulus of sintered composite slightly changes with the variation of concentrations of nanotubes and close to the enamel (75–100 GPa). The ratio of plastic work to total work and the ratio of elastic (reversible) work to the total work of deformation of composite HA/MWCNTs are practically constant at a studied range of MWCNTs concentration. The additives of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes lead to both an increase in the elasticity index of ~1.5 times and an increase in the resistance to plastic deformation of ~3 times, which improved the tribological performance of the surface. Plastic and elastic (reversible) work slightly changed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Ceramics)

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18 pages, 9751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study on Electrical Conductivity of CeO₂-Doped AlN Ceramics Sintered by Hot-Pressing and Spark Plasma Sintering

by Mickael Coëffe-Desvaux, Nicolas Pradeilles, Pascal Marchet, Marion Vandenhende, Mickael Joinet and Alexandre Maître

Materials 2022, 15(7), 2399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072399 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1935

Abstract

Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics were prepared by both Hot-pressing (HP) and Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) using cerium oxide as the sintering aid. The characterization of AlN raw powder denoted the presence of an amorphous layer that led to the formation of aluminum oxide. During the sintering process, CeO₂ introduced as a sintering aid was reduced into Ce₂O₃. The latter reacted with aluminum oxide to form a transient liquid phase that promotes sintering by both HP and SPS. A reactional path leading to the formation of secondary phases, such as CeAlO₃ and CeAl₁₁O₁₈, has been proposed according to the pseudo-binary Al₂O₃ – Ce₂O₃. Ceramics obtained from HP and SPS are presented as similar, except for the secondary-phase distribution. The influences of secondary phase composition and distribution on electrical conductivity were evaluated by leakage current measurements. The mechanism of DC conduction and the global conductivity of ceramics were discussed according to the sintering process and the number of secondary phases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Ceramics)

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13 pages, 3549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of the Flux System: Lithium-Aluminum Silicate (Li)–Alkali Feldspars (Na,K); Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca)–Silicates

by Agata Stempkowska

Materials 2021, 14(23), 7386; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237386 - 02 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1354

Abstract

In this paper, the system of natural mineral alkali fluxes used in typical mineral industry technologies was analyzed. The main objective was to lower the melting temperature of the flux systems. The research has shown that the best melting parameters in the Ca–Mg– (Li,Na,K) system were characterized by the composition: A-eutectic 20% and wollastonite 80%, and it was reached at temperature 1140 °C; in addition, this set had the widest melting interval. Selected thermal parameters of mineral flux systems were also calculated. The technological properties of mineral composites such as shrinkage and brightness were also analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Ceramics)

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12 pages, 3385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Thermal Parameters and Some Physical Properties of Mineral Eutectic Type: Petalite–Alkali Feldspars

by Agata Stempkowska

Materials 2021, 14(23), 7321; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237321 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1692

Abstract

The aim of the research was to check whether the system of three fluxes based on lithium aluminium silicate and alkali feldspars has a eutectic point, i.e., with the lowest melting temperature. Lithium was introduced into the mixtures in the form of petalite, which occurs naturally in nature (Bikita Zimbabwe deposit). Using naturally occurring raw materials such as petalite, sodium feldspar, and potassium feldspar, an attempt was made to obtain eutectics with the lowest melting point to facilitate thermal processing of the mineral materials. In addition, the high-temperature viscosity of the mineral alloys and physical parameters such as density, linear shrinkage, and open porosity were studied. The study showed that in these systems, there is one three-component eutectic at 1345 °C, with the lowest viscosity of 1·10⁵ Pas and the highest density of 2.34g/cm³, with a weight content of petalite 20%, sodium feldspar 20%, and potassium feldspar 20%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Ceramics)

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15 pages, 2058 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formation of ZrC–SiC Composites from the Molecular Scale through the Synthesis of Multielement Polymers

by Fabien Bouzat, Romain Lucas, Yann Leconte, Sylvie Foucaud, Yves Champavier, Cristina Coelho Diogo and Florence Babonneau

Materials 2021, 14(14), 3901; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143901 - 13 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1674

Abstract

In the field of non-oxide ceramic composites, and by using the polymer-derived ceramic route, understanding the relationship between the thermal behaviour of the preceramic polymers and their structure, leading to the mechanisms involved, is crucial. To investigate the role of Zr on the fabrication of ZrC–SiC composites, linear or hyperbranched polycarbosilanes and polyzirconocarbosilanes were synthesised through either “click-chemistry” or hydrosilylation reactions. Then, the thermal behaviours of these polymeric structures were considered, notably to understand the impact of Zr on the thermal path going to the composites. The inorganic materials were characterised by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To link the macromolecular structure to the organisation involved during the ceramisation process, eight temperature domains were highlighted on the TG analyses, and a four-step mechanism was proposed for the polymers synthesised by a hydrosilylation reaction, as they displayed better ceramic yields. Globally, the introduction of Zr in the polymer had several effects on the temperature fragmentation mechanisms of the organometallic polymeric structures: (i) instead of stepwise mass losses, continuous fragment release prevailed; (ii) the stability of preceramic polymers was impacted, with relatively good ceramic yields; (iii) it modulated the chemical composition of the generated composites as it led, inter alia, to the consumption of free carbon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Ceramics)

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13 pages, 3414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Preparation Process, Microstructure and Properties of Cellular TiC-High Mn Steel-Bonded Carbide

by Guoping Li, Haojun Zhou, Hao Yang, Mingchu Huang, Yingbiao Peng and Fenghua Luo

Materials 2020, 13(3), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030757 - 07 Feb 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1801

Abstract

TiC-high Mn steel-bonded carbide with a cellular structure was designed and fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques using coarse and fine TiC particles as the hard phase. This preparation process of the alloy was designed carefully and optimized. The microstructure of the alloy was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that there are two types of microstructures observed in this TiC steel-bonded carbide: the coarse-grained TiC structure and fine-grained TiC structure. The transverse rupture strength and impact toughness of the alloy reach maximum values 2231 MPa and 12.87 J/cm², respectively, when the starting weight ratio of MP-A (containing coarse TiC particles) to MP-B (containing fine TiC particles) is 60:40. Hence, this study serves as a feasible and economical example to prepare a high-strength and high-toughness TiC-high Mn steel-bonded carbide with little production cost increase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Ceramics)

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