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Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 61615

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Prof. Aida Turrini

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Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
Interests: dietary assessment; dietary survey; food system; research infrastructure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary assessment is crucial in evaluating relationships between diet and health. It represents the information core describing amounts of food and food components, either actual or habitual intakes, and potential exposure to risks. Dietary assessment can be used to compare eating models across population groups to highlight current and emerging topics, then information can be used by researchers conducting experimental trials. On the other hand, clinical trial research has been exploited in planning new dietary surveys and using more appropriate new tools (ehealth, mhealth). Database management is always challenging, but collaboration between research groups and among citizens can improve the whole information system, allowing for underpinning policy-making decisions.

Themes for the Special Issue cutting edge topics:

-Direct effects: the triple burden of malnutrition (under-nourishment, over-nourishment, and micronutrient deficiency);

-Potential effects/exposure: nutrients and undesirable food components (contaminants, residues, etc.) interactions;

-Indirect effects through environmental impacts: nutrients, food waste, and pollution/GHG emissions;

-Dietary assessment as an education tool;

-The landscape of dietary assessment use in different contexts for better exploiting results: surveillance programs, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials;

-The role of dietary assessment in e-health and in m-health applications.

Prof. Aida Turrini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Dietary assessment
Individual dietary survey
Food consumption study
Human health
Surveillance
Nutrition and health
Food safety and health
Planetary health
Environmental safety
Epidemiological studies
Clinical trials
Ehealth
Mhealth
Connecting multiple methodologies
Professional training
Nutritional knowledge
Nutritional education
Nutritional database system

Published Papers (13 papers)

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21 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploration of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach in Synthesizing the Diet Quality of the Malaysian Population

by Asma’ Ali, Barrie M. Margetts and Ahmad Ali Zainuddin

Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010070 - 28 Dec 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4117

Abstract

(1) Background: One of the most main dietary assessments is through a posteriori application. Although extensive research has incorporated dietary assessment of a population through a posteriori application, this study is the first to examine the Malaysian population and use an a posteriori method and principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the dietary patterns of the Malaysian population. The correlation between all dietary patterns derived via PCA and selected nutrient intake were determined in this sample of study; (2) Methods: A total of 3063 respondents (18 to 59 years old) covering Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak, participated in this study. PCA was applied on the food frequency questionnaire collected from the respondents, and descriptive statistics and PCA were performed using SPSS version 21; (3) Results: Six patterns were identified: “traditional”, “ prudent”, “ modern”, “western”, “Chinese”, and “combination” diets. All together, these six patterns were able to explain 45.9% of the total variability. Few components derived from the factor loadings showed positive association with several nutrient markers. The traditional dietary pattern showed a moderate, positive correlation with total protein and total sugar intake, there was a significant moderate correlation between the prudent dietary pattern and dietary fibre, and there was a moderate positive association between the Chinese dietary pattern and total energy; and (4) Conclusions: The exploration of the PCA approach above may provide justification for assessment of dietary patterns rather than reliance on single nutrients or foods to identify potential connections to overall nutritional wellbeing as well as to explore the diet–disease relationship. However, study of pattern analysis must be conducted among the Malaysian population to produce validity and reproducibility for this dietary approach in light of the numerous methodological issues that arise when performing PCA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

13 pages, 680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Diet Habits and Active Life in Vocational Training for Higher Technician in Dietetics: Contrast between the Traditional Method and the Digital Resources

by José-Antonio Marín-Marín, Rebeca Soler-Costa, Antonio-José Moreno-Guerrero and Jesús López-Belmonte

Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3475; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113475 - 12 Nov 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2893

Abstract

Vocational training of students in diet habits and active lifestyle habits has recently become an important issue, given the health problems caused as a result of a poor diet. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of different training actions (traditional method and digital resources) carried out in a program of dietary habits and active lifestyle at the vocational training stage. A quasi-experimental design of the pre-post type was developed. A sample of 177 participants was chosen. The instrument to collect the data was the validated ECHAES questionnaire. The results show that all study groups demonstrated similar averages across all dimensions, except in the digital resource post-test design, where the averages were higher than the rest. There was a significant relationship between the traditional teaching method and the post-test digital resources design in all dimensions. There was also a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test of the traditional teaching method and the digital resource group in the dimensions. It can be concluded that both the traditional and the innovative method lead to learning in the vocational training student, although the values achieved by the group where the innovative method was adopted were much higher than in the traditional group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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15 pages, 1081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extractable and Non-Extractable Antioxidants Composition in the eBASIS Database: A Key Tool for Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease Research

by Jenny Plumb, Alessandra Durazzo, Massimo Lucarini, Emanuela Camilli, Aida Turrini, Luisa Marletta and Paul Finglas

Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3405; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113405 - 06 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2720

Abstract

The antioxidant properties of foods are crucial in nutrition, food chemistry, and medicine studies but are often underestimated, with significant amounts of bioactive compounds containing physiological and biochemical properties remaining in the residue from extraction as non-extractable antioxidants. Over the last decade, extractable and non-extractable compounds have become key in the evaluation/determination of the antioxidant properties of food matrices because of their relevance in human health. This has led to the need to include extractable and non-extractable antioxidants in comprehensive and harmonized food composition databases for a wide range of applications within research, food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical areas. Additionally, the databases are invaluable as part of the health claims application process. eBASIS, (Bioactive Substances in Food Information System) a comprehensive database containing quality-evaluated scientific data, covering the composition of bioactive compounds present in foods, has flexible structures, allowing it to be extended to include newly emerging data on extractable and non-extractable compounds. Search criteria were developed and defined for compiling suitable peer-reviewed literature. Data quality assessment methods were established for the addition of composition data and antioxidant activity, with a focus on various parameters including: the extraction procedure, the antioxidant measurements, the expression of results. A total of 437 quality-evaluated datapoints on the composition of extractable and/or non-extractable compounds were entered into the database. This database update represents one of the first examples of building a database dedicated to antioxidant properties. This expansion of eBASIS provides a novel and unique tool for nutritionists, dietitians, researchers to use for a wide range of applications, such as dietary assessment, exposure studies and epidemiological studies, and may contribute to an increase in high-bioactive food consumption by consumers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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18 pages, 1607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validity and Reproducibility of a Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire in Lebanon

by Raeda El Sayed Ahmad, Mariam Baroudi, Hibeh Shatila, Lara Nasreddine, Fatima Al Zahraa Chokor, Rana F. Chehab, Michele R. Forman and Farah Naja

Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3316; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113316 - 29 Oct 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3712

Abstract

This study aims to assess the validity and reproducibility of a culture-specific semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Lebanese adults. The 94-item FFQ captures intake of traditional Mediterranean dishes and Western food, reflective of current Lebanese nutrition transition. Among 107 participants (18–65 years), the FFQ was administered at baseline (FFQ-1) and one year thereafter (FFQ-2); 2–3 24-h recalls (24-HRs)/season were collected for a total of 8–12 over four seasons. A subset (n = 67) provided a fasting blood sample in the fall. Spearman-correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plots, joint-classification and (ICC) were calculated. Mean intakes from FFQ-2 were higher than from the total 24-HRs. Correlations for diet from FFQ-2 and 24-HRs ranged from 0.17 for α-carotene to 0.65 for energy. Joint classification in the same/adjacent quartile ranged from 74.8% to 95%. FFQ-2-plasma carotenoid correlations ranged from 0.18 for lutein/zeaxanthin to 0.59 for β-carotene. Intra-class correlations for FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 ranged from 0.36 for β-cryptoxanthin to 0.85 for energy. 24-HRs carotenoid intake varied by season; combining season-specific 24-HRs proximal to biospecimen collection to the FFQ-2 improved diet-biochemical correlations. By applying dietary data from two tools with biomarkers taking into consideration seasonal variation, we report a valid, reproducible Lebanese FFQ for use in diet-disease research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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17 pages, 491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region

by María-Teresa García-Conesa, Elena Philippou, Christos Pafilas, Marika Massaro, Stefano Quarta, Vanda Andrade, Rui Jorge, Mihail Chervenkov, Teodora Ivanova, Dessislava Dimitrova, Viktorija Maksimova, Katarina Smilkov, Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova, Lence Miloseva, Tatjana Ruskovska, Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou, Christos A. Kontogiorgis and Paula Pinto

Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 2960; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102960 - 27 Sep 2020

Cited by 88 | Viewed by 7728

Abstract

This study provides comprehensive validation of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS) in an adult population from Greece (GR), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Spain (SP), Cyprus (CY), Republic of North Macedonia (NMK), and Bulgaria (BG). A moderate association between the 14-MEDAS and the reference food diary was estimated for the entire population (Pearson r = 0.573, p-value < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.692, p-value < 0.001) with the strongest correlation found in GR, followed by PT, IT, SP, and CY. These results were supported by kappa statistics in GR, PT, IT, and SP with ≥50% of food items exhibiting a fair or better agreement. Bland–Altman analyses showed an overestimation of the 14-MEDAS score in the whole population (0.79 ± 1.81, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) 0.61, 0.96), but this value was variable across countries, with GR, NMK, and BG exhibiting the lowest bias. Taking all analyses together, the validation achieved slightly better results in the Mediterranean countries but a definitive validation ranking order was not evident. Considering growing evidence of the shift from Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and of the importance of culture in making food choices it is crucial that we further improve validation protocols with specific applications to measure and compare MD adherence across countries and to relate it to the health status of a specific population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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10 pages, 1754 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Celiac Dietary Adherence Test and Standardized Dietician Evaluation in Assessment of Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Patients with Celiac Disease

by Katarzyna Gładyś, Jolanta Dardzińska, Marek Guzek, Krystian Adrych and Sylwia Małgorzewicz

Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082300 - 31 Jul 2020

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5233

Abstract

Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the mainstay of treatment strategy for celiac disease (CD). The aim of our study was measuring a GFD adherence in CD patients using two newly validated methods of dietary assessment—Standardized Dietician Evaluation (SDE) and the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT). Ninety-two adults with CD were evaluated by a registered dietitian with extensive experience with the use of SDE and CDAT. Duodenal biopsy was performed and blood was drawn for serum anti-endomysial, anti-deamidated gliadin peptide and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in forty four of those patients. The results of CDAT and SDE were very convergent, but SDE scores better correlated with serologic and histologic findings. As many as 24–52% of study participants did not adhere well enough to a GFD. Insufficient adherence to a GFD in CD patients is still a significant problem. The knowledge about gluten content in food ingredients and additives is very low among adults with CD. SDE is the most accurate method in assessing compliance with a GFD and is especially helpful in determining hidden sources of gluten. The CDAT may be a fast tool for screening for a GFD adherence in CD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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17 pages, 3482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Healthcare Professionals Think of “Nutrition & Diet” Apps: An International Survey

by Maria F. Vasiloglou, Stergios Christodoulidis, Emilie Reber, Thomai Stathopoulou, Ya Lu, Zeno Stanga and Stavroula Mougiakakou

Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2214; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082214 - 24 Jul 2020

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 8714

Abstract

Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for both the prevention and treatment of nutrition-related diseases. Since mobile-based dietary assessment solutions are promising, we sought to examine the acceptability of “Nutrition and Diet” (ND) apps by Healthcare Professionals (HCP), explore their preferences on apps’ features and identify predictors of acceptance. A 23 question survey was developed by an interdisciplinary team and pilot-tested. The survey was completed by 1001 HCP from 73 countries and 6 continents. The HCP (dietitians: 833, doctors: 75, nurses: 62, other: 31/females: 847, males: 150, neither: 4) had a mean age (SD) of 34.4 (10.2) years and mean job experience in years (SD): 7.7 (8.2). There were 45.5% who have recommended ND apps to their clients/patients. Of those who have not yet recommended an app, 22.5% do not know of their existence. Important criteria for selecting an app were ease of use (87.1%), apps being free of charge (72.6%) and validated (69%). Significant barriers were the use of inaccurate food composition database (52%), lack of local food composition database support (48.2%) and tech-savviness (43.3%). Although the adoption of smartphones is growing and mobile health research is advancing, there is room for improvement in the recommendation of ND apps by HCP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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14 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid in Spanish Adults

by Andrea Gila-Díaz, Silvia M. Arribas, Ángel Luis López de Pablo, Ma Rosario López-Giménez, Sophida Phuthong and David Ramiro-Cortijo

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1656; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061656 - 03 Jun 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4703

Abstract

We aimed to design and validate a new questionnaire of adherence to healthy food pyramid (HFP) (AP-Q), to improve previous instruments. The questionnaire was self-administered and included 28 questions from 10 categories (physical activity, health habits, hydration, grains, fruits, vegetables, oil type, dairy products, animal proteins, and snacks). A population of 130 Spanish adults answered it, obtaining scores from each category and a global score of HFP adherence (AP-Q score). Validation was performed through principal components analysis (PCA) and internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha. AP-Q was also externally validated with Kidmed-test, answered by 45 individuals from the cohort. The global AP-Q score was 5.1 ± 1.3, with an internal consistency of 64%. The PCA analysis extracted seven principal components, which explained 68.5% of the variance. The global AP-Q score was positively associated with Kidmed-test score. Our data suggest that AP-Q is a complete and robust questionnaire to assess HFP adherence, with several advantages: easy to complete, cost-effective, timesaving and has the competency to assess, besides diet, several features affecting health status, lacking in other instruments. We suggest that AP-Q could be useful in epidemiological research, although it requires additional calibration to analyze its reproducibility and validation in other populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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13 pages, 586 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development, Relative Validity and Reproducibility of the Aus-SDS (Australian Short Dietary Screener) in Adults Aged 70 Years and above

by Adelle M. Gadowski, Tracy A. McCaffrey, Stephane Heritier, Andrea J. Curtis, Natalie Nanayakkara, Sophia Zoungas and Alice J. Owen

Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1436; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051436 - 15 May 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2899

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of a six-item Australian Short Dietary Screener (Aus-SDS). The Aus-SDS assessed the daily intake of core food groups (vegetables, fruits, legumes and beans, cereals, protein sources and dairy sources) in 100 Australians (52 males and 48 females) aged ≥70 years. Relative validity was assessed by comparing intakes from the Aus-SDS1 with an average of three 24-h recalls (24-HRs), and reproducibility using two administrations of the Aus-SDS (Aus-SDS1 and Aus-SDS2). Cohen’s kappa statistic between the Aus-SDS1 and 24-HRs showed moderate to good agreement, ranging from 0.44 for fruits and dairy to 0.64 for protein. There was poor agreement for legume intake (0.12). Bland–Altman plots demonstrated acceptable limits of agreement between the Aus-SDS1 and 24-HRs for all food groups. Median intakes obtained from Aus-SDS1 and Aus-SDS2 did not differ. For all food groups, Cohen’s kappa statistic ranged from 0.68 to 0.89, indicating acceptable agreement between the Aus-SDS1 and Aus-SDS2. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between Aus-SDS1 and 24-HRs across all food groups ranged from 0.64 for fruit to 0.83 for protein. We found the Aus-SDS to be a useful tool in assessing daily intake of core food groups in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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9 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Self-Reported Speed of Eating with an Objective Measure of Eating Rate

by Eilis Woodward, Jillian Haszard, Anna Worsfold and Bernard Venn

Nutrients 2020, 12(3), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030599 - 26 Feb 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2807

Abstract

Slow eating may be beneficial in reducing energy intake although there is limited research quantifying eating rate. Perceived speed of eating was self-reported by 78 adults using a standard question “On a scale of 1–5 (very slow–very fast), how fast do you believe you eat?” Timing the completion of meals on three occasions was used to assess objective eating rate. The mean (SD) speeds of eating by self-reported categories were 49 (13.7), 42 (12.2), and 35 (10.5) g/min for fast, medium, and slow eaters, respectively. Within each self-reported category, the range of timed speed of eating resulted in considerable overlap between self-identified ‘fast’, ‘medium’ and ‘slow’ eaters. There was 47.4% agreement (fair) between self-reported speed of eating and the objective measure of eating rate (κ = 0.219). Self-reported speed of eating was sufficient at a group level to detect a significant difference (10.9 g/min (95% CI: 2.7, 19.2 g/min, p = 0.009)) between fast and slow; and fast and medium eaters (6.0 g/min (0.5, 11.6 g/min p = 0.033)). The mean difference (95% CI) between slow and medium eaters was 4.9 (−3.4, 12.2) g/min (p = 0.250). At an individual level, self-report had poor sensitivity. Compared to objectively measured speed of eating, self-reported speed of eating was found to be an unreliable means of assessing an individual’s eating rate. There are no standard protocols for assessing speed of eating or eating rate. Establishing such protocols would enable the development of population reference ranges across various demographic groups that may be applicable for public health messages and in clinical management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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Review

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19 pages, 2187 KiB

Open AccessReview

Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Silvia Caristia, Marta De Vito, Andrea Sarro, Alessio Leone, Alessandro Pecere, Angelica Zibetti, Nicoletta Filigheddu, Patrizia Zeppegno, Flavia Prodam, Fabrizio Faggiano and Paolo Marzullo

Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2290; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082290 - 30 Jul 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 7532

Abstract

Background: Global dietary patterns have gradually shifted toward a ‘western type’ with progressive increases in rates of metabolic imbalance. Recently, animal and human studies have revealed positive effects of caloric restriction (CR) on many health domains, giving new knowledge for prevention of ill and health promotion; Methods: We conducted a systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the role of CR on health status in adults. A meta-analysis was performed on anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes; Results: A total of 29 articles were retrieved including data from eight RCTs. All included RCTs were at low risk for performance bias related to objective outcomes. Collectively, articles included 704 subjects. Among the 334 subjects subjected to CR, the compliance with the intervention appeared generally high. Meta-analyses proved benefit of CR on reduction of body weight, BMI, fat mass, total cholesterol, while a minor impact was shown for LDL, fasting glucose and insulin levels. No effect emerged for HDL and blood pressure after CR. Data were insufficient for other hormone variables in relation to meta-analysis of CR effects; Conclusion: CR is a nutritional pattern linked to improved cardiometabolic status. However, evidence is limited on the multidimensional aspects of health and requires more studies of high quality to identify the precise impact of CR on health status and longevity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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18 pages, 354 KiB

Open AccessReview

Hemodialysis—Nutritional Flaws in Diagnosis and Prescriptions. Could Amino Acid Losses Be the Sharpest “Sword of Damocles”?

by Piergiorgio Bolasco

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061773 - 14 Jun 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3647

Abstract

This review aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses emerging from diagnostic evaluations and prescriptions in an intent to prevent progression over time of malnutrition and/or protein-energy wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In particular, indications of the most effective pathway to follow in diagnosing a state of malnutrition are provided based on a range of appropriate chemical-clinical, anthropometric and instrumental analyses and monitoring of the nutritional status of HD patients. Finally, based on the findings of recent studies, therapeutic options to be adopted for the purpose of preventing or slowing down malnutrition have been reviewed, with particular focus on protein-calorie intake, the role of oral and/or intravenous supplements and efficacy of some classes of amino acids. A new determining factor that may lead inexorably to PEW in hemodialysis patients is represented by severe amino acid loss during hemodialysis sessions, for which mandatory compensation should be introduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

Other

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12 pages, 910 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Perspectives of Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease

by Aida Turrini

Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040830 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3374

Abstract

Diet and human health have a complex set of relationships, so it is crucial to identify the cause-effects paths and their management. Diet is crucial for maintaining health (prevention) and unhealthy diets or diet components can cause disease in the long term (non-communicable disease) but also in the short term (foodborne diseases). The present paper aims to provide a synthesis of current research in the field of dietary assessment in health and disease as an introduction to the special issue on “Dietary Assessment and Human Health and Disease”. Dietary assessment, continuously evolving in terms of methodology and tools, provides the core information basis for all the studies where it is necessary to disentangle the relationship between diet and human health and disease. Estimating dietary patterns allows for assessing dietary quality, adequacy, exposure, and environmental impact in nutritional surveillance so on the one hand, providing information for further clinical studies and on another hand, helping the policy to design tailored interventions considering individual and planetary health, considering that planetary health is crucial for individual health too, as the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has taught. Overall, dietary assessment should be a core component in One-Health-based initiatives to tackle public health nutrition issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease)

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