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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 26052

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Prof. Dr. Susan J. Whiting

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College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
Interests: nutrient requirements for bone health; dietary assessment and population health; vitamin D and health; calcium–fluoride interaction
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Dear Colleagues,

Mineral elements, which we classify as micronutrients, are important in many aspects of nutritional health yet they are often studied in isolation, without recognition of the effect one mineral may have on another. Dietary recommendations rarely reflect the unique relationships minerals have with each other that can be related to absorption, utilization or excretion. Some interactions involve synergy, others are competitive, and some may trigger changes in homeostatic controls. The resulting health effects may cause deficiency or prevent it, while other interactions may cause toxicity or prevent it. Much is to be learned about mineral interactions in order to better estimate dietary needs that can be translated into dietary recommendations.

This Special Issue of the journal Nutrients aims to add to the understanding of mineral–mineral interactions with novel studies and insightful reviews that will inform nutrition science regarding mineral–mineral relationships that affect human health.

Prof. Dr. Susan Whiting
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Mineral interactions
Microminerals
Electrolytes
Trace mineral
Ultratrace mineral
Human health

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hair EDX Analysis—A Promising Tool for Micronutrient Status Evaluation of Patients with IBD?

by Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu, Adina Coroabă, Manuela Ciocoiu, Anca Trifan, Gabriel Dimofte, Smaranda Diaconescu, Vlad-Adrian Afrăsânie, Gheorghe G. Balan, Tudor Pinteală and Gabriela Ștefănescu

Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2572; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082572 - 27 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2588

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies can arise in various conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and diagnosing these deficiencies can be challenging in the absence of specific clinical signs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of various trace elements hair concentration in IBD patients compared to a healthy control group and to identify potential correlations between the micronutrient status and relevant parameters related to disease activity. The concentrations of iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and sulfur in the hair of 37 IBD patients with prior diagnosed IBD (12 Crohn’s disease and 25 ulcerative colitis) and 31 healthy controls were evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significant differences in hair concentration profile of studied trace elements were identified for IBD patients compared to healthy controls. A significantly decreased hair concentration of iron, magnesium, calcium and selenium and a significantly increased sulfur hair concentration were observed in IBD patients at the time of evaluation. A decreased hair calcium concentration (r = −0.772, p = 0.003) and an increased sulfur concentration (r = 0.585, p = 0.046) were significantly correlated with disease activity. Conclusion: Hair mineral and trace elements evaluation may contribute to a proper evaluation of their status in IBD patients and improving the management of nutritional status of IBD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Mineral-Mineral Interactions for Human Health)

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17 pages, 2126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Improvement Effect of Deep Ocean Water with Different Mineral Composition on the High Fat Diet-Induced Blood Lipid and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Mouse Model

by Chung-Yu Lee and Chun-Lin Lee

Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1732; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051732 - 20 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4295

Abstract

Accumulated lipid droplets in liver cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Deep ocean water (DOW) containing high levels of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, etc. was proven to suppress hepatic lipid in obese rats fed high fat diet in the previous study. However, the effect of mineral compositions of DOW on the prevention of NAFLD is still unclear. This study removed calcium and potassium from DOW for modulating the mineral composition, and further compared the effects of DOW (D1(Mg + Ca + K)), DOW with low potassium (D2(Mg + Ca)), and DOW with low calcium and potassium (D3(Mg)) on the prevention of NAFLD in the mice model fed with high fat diet. In these results, DOW with high magnesium levels reduced serum and liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels and serum AST and ALT activities. However, when the calcium and/or potassium minerals were removed from DOW, the effects of reduction of triglyceride level, inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) expressions, and activation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities would be weaker. In conclusion, DOW including magnesium, calcium and potassium minerals has the strongest preventive effect on NAFLD in a mouse model by increasing the antioxidant system and inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Mineral-Mineral Interactions for Human Health)

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14 pages, 1818 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term RCT of Increased Dietary Potassium from Potato or Potassium Gluconate: Effect on Blood Pressure, Microcirculation, and Potassium and Sodium Retention in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults

by Michael S. Stone, Berdine R. Martin and Connie M. Weaver

Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051610 - 11 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 11495

Abstract

Increased potassium intake has been linked to improvements in cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We assessed increasing potassium intake through food or supplements as part of a controlled diet on blood pressure (BP), microcirculation (endothelial function), and potassium and sodium retention in thirty pre-hypertensive-to-hypertensive men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a sequence of four 17 day dietary potassium treatments: a basal diet (control) of 60 mmol/d and three phases of 85 mmol/d added as potatoes, French fries, or a potassium gluconate supplement. Blood pressure was measured by manual auscultation, cutaneous microvascular and endothelial function by thermal hyperemia, utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry, and mineral retention by metabolic balance. There were no significant differences among treatments for end-of-treatment BP, change in BP over time, or endothelial function using a mixed-model ANOVA. However, there was a greater change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) over time by feeding baked/boiled potatoes compared with control (−6.0 mmHg vs. −2.6 mmHg; p = 0.011) using contrast analysis. Potassium retention was highest with supplements. Individuals with a higher cardiometabolic risk may benefit by increasing potassium intake. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02697708. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Mineral-Mineral Interactions for Human Health)

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11 pages, 2086 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vanadium Decreases Hepcidin mRNA Gene Expression in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats, Improving the Anemic State

by Cristina Sánchez-González, Lorenzo Rivas-García, Alba Rodríguez-Nogales, Francesca Algieri, Julio Gálvez, Pilar Aranda, María Montes-Bayón and Juan Llopis

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041256 - 11 Apr 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3458

Abstract

Diabetes is a disease with an inflammatory component that courses with an anemic state. Vanadium (V) is an antidiabetic agent that acts by stimulating insulin signaling. Hepcidin blocks the intestinal absorption of iron and the release of iron from its deposits. We aim to investigate the effect of V on hepcidin mRNA expression and its consequences on the hematological parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Control healthy rats, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with 1 mgV/day were examined for five weeks. The mineral levels were measured in diet and serum samples. Hepcidin expression was quantified in liver samples. Inflammatory and hematological parameters were determined in serum or whole blood samples. The inflammatory status was higher in diabetic than in control rats, whereas the hematological parameters were lower in the diabetic rats than in the control rats. Hepcidin mRNA expression was significantly lower in the V-treated diabetic rats than in control and untreated diabetic rats. The inflammatory status remained at a similar level as the untreated diabetic group. However, the hematological profile improved after the V-treatment, reaching similar levels to those found in the control group. Serum iron level was higher in V-treated than in untreated diabetic rats. We conclude that V reduces gene expression of hepcidin in diabetic rats, improving the anemic state caused by diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Mineral-Mineral Interactions for Human Health)

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14 pages, 685 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Calcium-Containing Eggshell Powder Supplementation on Urinary Fluoride and Fluorosis Symptoms in Women in the Ethiopian Rift Valley

by Demmelash Mulualem, Dejene Hailu, Masresha Tessema and Susan J. Whiting

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041052 - 24 Mar 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2573

Abstract

Dietary calcium binds Fluoride (F), thus preventing excess F absorption. We aimed to assess the efficacy of supplementing calcium-containing Eggshell Powder (ESP) on F absorption using urine F excretion and on fluorosis symptoms. In total, 82 women (41 Intervention Group, IG; 41 Control Group, CG) were recruited; overall, 39 in each group completed the trial. Morning spot urine was collected before (baseline, BL) and after (endline, EL) the intervention that was 6-months daily supplementation with 2.4 g ESP (providing ~1000 mg of calcium). Dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal fluorosis assessments was carried out at BL and, except for dental, at EL. Relative risk (RR) and linear generalized estimating equation were used to compare outcomes between groups. At BL, urinary F excretion in the IG and CG groups was similar, ~10 mg/L. At EL, urinary F excretion in IG women was six-fold lower (β = −6.1 (95% CI: −7.1, −5.1)) compared to CG. The risk of developing skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in the intervention group. A significant reduction in urinary F excretion and reduction in many fluorosis symptoms were observed among women supplemented with calcium-containing ESP, thus providing evidence for using this dietary calcium source for mitigation of fluorosis. Clinical trials registration: NCT03355222. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Mineral-Mineral Interactions for Human Health)

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