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Polymers
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Ionic Polymers
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Ionic Polymers

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2018)

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Masanori Hara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering School of Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Interests: solution behavior of ionic polymers; development and study of novel polymers; polymer blends, and composites via ionic interactions; inorganic polymers based on silicates made from minerals; ionic polymers and ionic liquids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the current state-of-the-art of materials based on ionic polymers, as interest in ionic polymers continue to be strong. Ionic polymers are used for various applications, including proton exchange membrane for fuel cells and templating agents for metal/semiconductor nanoparticles and inorganic/organic hybrid materials. They include conventional polymers, such as water-soluble highly charged polyelectrolytes and water-insoluble poorly charged ionomers. These polymers may be based on unique structues, such as ionic liquids and ionic block copolymers.

Papers are sought that discuss the latest research, both fundamental and applied, in the area of ionic polymers. This Special Issue covers the preparation, characterization, theoretical modelling, and applications of ionic polymers. Reviews, regular papers, and communications are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Masanori Hara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ionic polymers
  • Polyelectrolytes
  • Ionomers
  • Ionic block copolymers
  • Poly(ionic liquids)
  • Proton exchange membrane for fuel cells
  • Templating agents for metal/semiconductor nanoparticles
  • Biopolymers

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4617 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Plasticizing Effect on Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Solid Polymer Electrolyte and Its Properties
by Tuan Syarifah Rossyidah Tuan. Naiwi, Min Min Aung, Azizan Ahmad, Marwah Rayung, Mohd Sukor Su’ait, Nor Azah Yusof and Khine Zar Wynn Lae
Polymers 2018, 10(10), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101142 - 12 Oct 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4720
Abstract
Polyurethane acrylate (PUA) from vegetable oil has been synthesized and prepared for solid polymer electrolyte. Polyol has been end-capped with Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate (TDI) followed by hydroxylethylmethylacrylate (HEMA) in a urethanation process to produce PUA. The mixtures were cured to make thin polymeric films [...] Read more.
Polyurethane acrylate (PUA) from vegetable oil has been synthesized and prepared for solid polymer electrolyte. Polyol has been end-capped with Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate (TDI) followed by hydroxylethylmethylacrylate (HEMA) in a urethanation process to produce PUA. The mixtures were cured to make thin polymeric films under UV radiation to produce excellent cured films which exhibit good thermal stability and obtain high ionic conductivity value. 3 to 15 wt. % of ethylene carbonate (EC) mixed with 25 wt. % LiClO4 was added to PUA to obtain PUA electrolyte systems. PUA modified with plasticizer EC 9 wt. % achieved the highest conductivity of 7.86 × 10−4 S/cm, and relatively improved the linear sweep voltammetry, transference number and dielectric properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and dielectric analysis were presented. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), followed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and morphology have been studied. The addition of plasticizer to the polyurethane acrylate shows significant improvement in terms of the conductivity and performance of the polymer electrolyte. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Polymers)
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10 pages, 406 KiB  
Article
Condensation of Counterions Gives Rise to Contraction Transitions in a One-Dimensional Polyelectrolyte Gel
by Gerald S. Manning
Polymers 2018, 10(4), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040432 - 13 Apr 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
The equilibrium volume of a polyelectrolyte gel results from a balance between the tendency to swell caused by outbound polymer/counterion diffusion along with Coulomb interactions on the one hand; and, on the other, the elastic resilience of the cross-linked polymer network. Direct Coulomb [...] Read more.
The equilibrium volume of a polyelectrolyte gel results from a balance between the tendency to swell caused by outbound polymer/counterion diffusion along with Coulomb interactions on the one hand; and, on the other, the elastic resilience of the cross-linked polymer network. Direct Coulomb forces contribute both to non-ideality of the equilibrated Donnan osmotic pressure, but also to stretching of the network. To isolate the effect of polyelectrolyte expansion, we have analyzed a “one-dimensional” version of a gel, a linear chain of charged beads connected by Hooke’s law springs. As in the range of weak Coulomb strengths previously studied, the springs are significantly stretched by the repulsive interactions among the beads even when the Coulomb strength is strong enough to cause condensation of counterions. There is a quasi-abrupt transition from a stretched state to a partially collapsed state in a transition range between weak and strong Coulomb strengths. Fluctuations between stretched and contracted conformations occur within the transition range. As the solvent quality decreases past the transition range, a progressive collapse can result if the condensed counterions strengthen the spring constant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Polymers)
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13 pages, 24135 KiB  
Article
DNA Phase Transition in Charge Neutralization and Comformation Induced by Trivalent-Hydrolysed Metal Ions
by Zhaoxu Luo, Yanwei Wang, Shuhang Li and Guangcan Yang
Polymers 2018, 10(4), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040394 - 2 Apr 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4570
Abstract
It is well known that common trivalent counter ions can induce DNA compaction or condensation but are unable to invert DNA surface charge in a normal aqueous solution. In the present study, we found that trivalent-hydrolysed metal ions (Fe3+, Al3+ [...] Read more.
It is well known that common trivalent counter ions can induce DNA compaction or condensation but are unable to invert DNA surface charge in a normal aqueous solution. In the present study, we found that trivalent-hydrolysed metal ions (Fe3+, Al3+) are not only capable of inducing DNA condensation, but they also invert the electrophoretic mobility of DNA by electrophoretic light scattering and single molecular techniques. In comparison with neutral trivalent cations, hydrolysed metal ions such as Fe3+ can induce DNA condensation at a much lower concentration of cations, and its corresponding morphology of condensed DNA was directly observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The condensing and unravelling forces of DNA condensates were measured by tethering DNA by magnetic tweezers (MT) measurements at various concentration of Fe3+ and Al3+. We found that a coil–globule transition of DNA by hydrolysed metal ions not only was observed in DNA-complex sizes, but also in the curve of electrophoretic mobility of DNA in solution. In contrast, the transition was not observed in the case of neutral trivalent cations such as La3+ and Co3+. We attribute the transition and charge inversion to the ion-specific interaction between hydrolysed metal ions and phosphates of DNA backbone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Polymers)
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11 pages, 2236 KiB  
Article
The Mixing Counterion Effect on DNA Compaction and Charge Neutralization at Low Ionic Strength
by Yanwei Wang, Ruxia Wang, Tianyong Gao and Guangcan Yang
Polymers 2018, 10(3), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030244 - 28 Feb 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4262
Abstract
DNA compaction and charge neutralization in a mixing counterion solution involves competitive and cooperative electrostatic binding, and sometimes counterion complexation. At normal ionic strength, it has been found that the charge neutralization of DNA by the multivalent counterion is suppressed when being added [...] Read more.
DNA compaction and charge neutralization in a mixing counterion solution involves competitive and cooperative electrostatic binding, and sometimes counterion complexation. At normal ionic strength, it has been found that the charge neutralization of DNA by the multivalent counterion is suppressed when being added extra mono- and di-valent counterions. Here, we explore the effect mixing counterion on DNA compaction and charge neutralization under the condition of low ionic strength. Being quite different from normal ionic strength, the electrophoretic mobility of DNA in multivalent counterion solution (octalysine, spermine) increases the presence of mono- and di-valent cations, such as sodium and magnesium ions. It means that the charge neutralization of DNA by the multivalent counterion is promoted rather than suppressed when introducing extra mono- and di-valent counterions into solution. This conclusion is also supported by the measurement of condensing and unraveling forces of DNA condensates under the same condition by single molecular magnetic tweezers. This mixing effect can be attributed to the cooperative electrostatic binding of counterions to DNA when the concentration of counterions in solution is below a critical concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Polymers)
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3585 KiB  
Article
Ion Conduction and Its Activation in Hydrated Solid Polyelectrolyte Complexes
by Souvik De, Annika Ostendorf, Monika Schönhoff and Cornelia Cramer
Polymers 2017, 9(11), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9110550 - 25 Oct 2017
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4367
Abstract
For the first time, temperature-dependent conductivities at constant water content for a series of solid polyelectrolyte complexes with varying mixing ratios of anionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) are presented. For water absorption, the samples are first equilibrated at an ambient temperature [...] Read more.
For the first time, temperature-dependent conductivities at constant water content for a series of solid polyelectrolyte complexes with varying mixing ratios of anionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) are presented. For water absorption, the samples are first equilibrated at an ambient temperature and at fixed relative humidity (RH). During the conductivity measurements, the so achieved water content of the samples is kept constant. At all of the hydration levels, the dc conductivities of the hydrated polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) display Arrhenius behavior with activation enthalpies that are significantly lower than those of dry complexes. The activation enthalpy decreases linearly with water content. The lower activation enthalpies in case of hydrated as compared to dried complexes are attributed to a lowering of the energy barriers for ion motion. Finally, it is shown that the temperature-dependent conductivity spectra at constant water content obey the time-temperature superposition principle. Additionally, temperature-dependent conductivities at constant water content are compared to data sets determined in a separate study with constant RH at all of the temperatures. For the latter case, the influence of the type of alkali ion is also considered. Using the broad variety of data sets, the influences of water content and temperature on the conductivity mechanism can be separated from each other. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Polymers)
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