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Processes
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Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing
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Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 11679

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Junwu Tao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LAPLACE Laboratory, Toulouse INP-ENSEEIHT, University of Toulouse, 31071 Toulouse, France
Interests: microwave device design; microwave power application; computational electromagnetic and multi-physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kama Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, China
Interests: fundamental microwave theory; novel microwave applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lionel Estel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INSA Rouen Normandie, Normandie University, 76800 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France
Interests: process safety and intensification; carbon capture; reuse and valorization; microwave processes
Dr. Li Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, China
Interests: microwave plasma device design and its applications; microwave power application
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The addition of external energy is important for applications in chemical engineering or materials processing. Thanks to the direct interaction between the electromagnetic waves and the molecular structures of the materials to be processed, microwave energy presents efficiency and rapidity of energy transfer that are much more advantageous than those of conventional electrical energy. In addition to rapidity, microwave heating is more selective, showing possible savings in raw materials. Chemical reactions or syntheses of materials can be accomplished in minutes by microwave heating, whereas conventional heating would require hours or even days. It is a promising heat source that meets the modern requirements of sustainable development.

Since the publication by Gedye and Guiguere in 1986 on the use of a microwave oven to accelerate organic reactions, a large number of applications using microwave energy have been developed with success in organic, inorganic, and green chemistry for the processing of materials such as organic compounds, polymers, nanomaterials, biomaterials, or plasmas. As the appearance of personal computers (PCs) in the early 1980s contributed to the democratization of computing, the easier access to microwave equipment and to electromagnetic and multiphysics simulation software favored, and still favors, the arrival of new university teams and new industrial players to explore and develop more and more innovative and rewarding applications in the microwave chemistry and microwave materials processing sector. In this context, further research is necessary to better understand the interaction mechanisms between electromagnetic waves and new materials, to develop and manufacture new equipment, to study the electromagnetic properties of new materials, and to identify technical barriers and find innovative solutions for their remediation.

This Special Issue, “Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Material Processing”, aims at showing the most recent advances in the following areas:

  • Microwave irradiation in inorganic, inorganic, medicinal, and green chemistry;
  • Microwave applications in plasma, ceramics, polymers, minerals, and food;
  • Microwave processing of biomass and waste;
  • Microwave applications in medical and biological sectors;
  • Modeling of microwave power applications;
  • Measurement of dielectric properties;
  • Design and optimization of microwave processing equipment;
  • Safety in microwave processing;
  • Microwave-assisted preparation of new materials.

Prof. Dr. Junwu Tao
Prof. Dr. Kama Huang
Prof. Dr. Lionel Estel
Dr. Li Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microwave power
  • Microwave processing of chemical reactions
  • Microwave processing of materials
  • Microwave-driven plasma
  • Biomass and waste processing
  • Device design and optimization

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 6027 KiB  
Article
Microwave-Driven Electrodeless Ultraviolet Lamp Based on Coaxial Slot Radiator
by Yuqing Huang, Nanya Zhong, Huacheng Zhu and Kama Huang
Processes 2022, 10(5), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050890 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2016
Abstract
Microwave-driven electrodeless ultraviolet (UV) lamps have the advantages of high efficiency and high power. However, the conventional microwave system is slightly oversized, which restricts the use of the lamp in a narrow space. A miniaturized microwave-driven electrodeless UV lamp based on a coaxial [...] Read more.
Microwave-driven electrodeless ultraviolet (UV) lamps have the advantages of high efficiency and high power. However, the conventional microwave system is slightly oversized, which restricts the use of the lamp in a narrow space. A miniaturized microwave-driven electrodeless UV lamp based on a coaxial slot antenna was developed in this study. First, the structure of slots was optimized using a finite-difference time-domain algorithm such that high efficiency of radiated energy could be achieved. Second, a complex model based on the Drude model and the electromagnetic theory was established to simulate the interaction between the microwave and UV lamps. The efficiency and uniformity of the UV lamps were analyzed. Finally, an experimental system was built, and the computed results agreed well with the simulation results. The efficiency of the miniaturized microwave-driven electrodeless UV lamp reached 91.8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing)
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10 pages, 2428 KiB  
Article
A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Resonator Sensor for Dual-Band Complex Permittivity Measurement
by Qian Chen, Zhuo Long, Naoki Shinohara and Changjun Liu
Processes 2022, 10(4), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10040708 - 05 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1531
Abstract
This paper presents a novel dual-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sensor that is designed to measure the complex permittivities of liquids or solid powders at two industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequencies simultaneously. Resonant frequencies and quality factors are obtained from S-parameter measurements [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel dual-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sensor that is designed to measure the complex permittivities of liquids or solid powders at two industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequencies simultaneously. Resonant frequencies and quality factors are obtained from S-parameter measurements with the proposed SIW sensor, and applied to reconstructing the permittivities of materials under test through an artificial neural network. The water–ethanol mixed liquids were measured with the proposed sensor. The maximum deviations of the measured permittivities at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz are within 3% of literature results. The measurement by the proposed SIW sensor with artificial neural network reconstruction is accurate and efficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing)
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14 pages, 3463 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Physic Modelling Insight into the Differences between Microwave and Conventional Heating for the Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles
by Giulia Poppi, Elena Colombini, Diego Salvatori, Alessio Balestri, Giovanni Baldi, Cristina Leonelli and Paolo Veronesi
Processes 2022, 10(4), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10040697 - 03 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles usually leads to a smaller and more uniformly distributed particle size compared to conventional heating (e.g., oil bath). Numerical simulation can help to obtain a better insight into the process in terms of temperature distribution or to evidence existing [...] Read more.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles usually leads to a smaller and more uniformly distributed particle size compared to conventional heating (e.g., oil bath). Numerical simulation can help to obtain a better insight into the process in terms of temperature distribution or to evidence existing different temperature profiles and heating rates between the two techniques. In this paper multi-physics numerical simulation is used to investigate the continuous flow synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles starting from alkoxide precursors. Temperature-dependent permittivity of reactants has been measured, including the effects of permanence at the maximum synthesis temperature. A temperature homogeneity index has been defined to compare microwave and conventional heating. Results show that when using microwave heating at 2450 MHz, in the investigated conditions, a much higher temperature homogeneity of the reactants is reached. Moreover, reactants experience different heating rates, depending on their position inside the microwave applicator, while this is almost negligible in the case of conventional heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing)
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17 pages, 5544 KiB  
Article
Effects of Metal Boundary Stretching and Sample Translational Motion on Microwave Heating
by Hao Gu, Jinghua Ye, Ge Wang, Xueting Yan, Huacheng Zhu and Yang Yang
Processes 2022, 10(2), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020246 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1910
Abstract
For the purpose of improving uniformity and efficiency of microwave heating, moving components are widely used. In this paper, a kind of stretching microwave oven with a conveyor belt is designed. The conveyor belt and the stretching motion of the upper surface of [...] Read more.
For the purpose of improving uniformity and efficiency of microwave heating, moving components are widely used. In this paper, a kind of stretching microwave oven with a conveyor belt is designed. The conveyor belt and the stretching motion of the upper surface of the microwave oven make the electric field in the microwave cavity continuously change during heating, so that the absorption pattern of materials does not remain constant. The transformation optics method is used to simulate the stretching motion of the upper wall of the microwave oven, and the implicit function method is used to simulate the translational motion of the sample on the conveyor belt. The correctness of the simulation model is validated by experiments. The heating effects for the cases of fixed heating, stretching and translational motion are compared. Finally, the heating effects for the proposed model with different heated materials are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing)
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Review

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25 pages, 8064 KiB  
Review
Tungsten Heavy Alloys Processing via Microwave Sintering, Spark Plasma Sintering, and Additive Manufacturing: A Review
by R. Manikandan and A. Raja Annamalai
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2352; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112352 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3082
Abstract
Tungsten-heavy alloys (WHA) are a pseudo-alloy in which tungsten is the primary phase and remains filled with additives such as Ni–Fe and Ni–Cu. These alloys are widely used to make their applications’ structural, electrical, and electronic components. According to this study, in addition [...] Read more.
Tungsten-heavy alloys (WHA) are a pseudo-alloy in which tungsten is the primary phase and remains filled with additives such as Ni–Fe and Ni–Cu. These alloys are widely used to make their applications’ structural, electrical, and electronic components. According to this study, in addition to processing factors, the prime factors affecting the performance of WHAs are microstructural features such as tungsten and matrix composition, powders shapes and sizes, and distributions of tungsten particles in the matrix, as well as interface-bonding strength between the tungsten particle and matrix. This study summarises current developments in WHA processing, microstructure, and mechanical characteristics. For the manufacture of WHAs, various processing methods are discussed, including traditional powder metallurgy (PM), microwave sintering (MW), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and additive manufacturing (AM). SPS process depicts better results when compared with conventional sintering. This review will also hint at the effects of some additives in tungsten and their advantages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Materials Processing)
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