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Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor
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Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2016) | Viewed by 170121

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jong Seung Kim

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Interests: supramolecular chemistry; drug delivery system; fluorescent probes; fluorescent imaging; therapeutics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Min Hee Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-dong 2-ga, Seoul 140-742, Korea
Interests: host–guest chemistry; chemosensors; chemodosimeters; drug delivery system; theranostics; anion and cation sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sensor systems that provide the effective, rapid detection of target analytes constitute a major focus in supramolecular and biological chemistry. Specially, colorimetric and fluorescent probes have gained a great deal of attention for both analytical sensing and optical imaging because of their high sensitivity, fast response time, and technical simplicity. Thus far, there are many synthetic or manufacturing efforts for the development of colorimetric and fluorescent probes that can detect target analytes with a high selectivity and specificity. In this regards, various strategies, including internal charge transfer (ICT), Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), photo-induced electron transfer (PET), chelation-induced fluorescence enhancement (CHFE), aggregation-induced enhancement (AIE), monomer-excimer systems, etc., have been established. Currently, a number of probes have been developed for the sensing and imaging of small molecules, including cations, anions, and neutral species, and essential cellular components that are associated with human living systems in solution and biospecimens, as well astherapeutic and diagnostic applications. This Special Issue of Sensors will be dedicated to highlight these emerging technologies of colorimetric and fluorescent sensors. This Special Issue aims at presenting the latest technologies and methodologies developed in this interdisciplinary field of science. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Colorimetric sensors towards metal cations, anions, and biomolecules
  • Cation fluorescence sensors
  • Anion fluorescence sensors
  • Fluorescent sensor for biospecimens
  • Internal charge transfer (ICCT) based fluorescent sensors
  • Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based fluorescent sensors
  • Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent sensors
  • Photo-induced electron transfer (PET) based fluorescent sensors
  • Chelation-induced fluorescence enhancement (CHFE) based fluorescent sensors
  • Aggregation-induced enhancement (AIE) based fluorescent sensors
  • Chemodosimetric colorimetric and fluorescent sensors

Prof. Jong Seung Kim
Prof. Min Hee Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemosensor
  • chemodosimeter
  • fluorescence
  • colorimetry
  • cation sensing
  • anion sensing
  • probe
  • complexation
  • calixarenes

Published Papers (23 papers)

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3238 KiB  
Article
A Biocompatible Colorimetric Triphenylamine- Dicyanovinyl Conjugated Fluorescent Probe for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cyanide Ion in Aqueous Media and Living Cells
by Zi-Hua Zheng, Zhi-Ke Li, Lin-Jiang Song, Qi-Wei Wang, Qing-Fei Huang and Li Yang
Sensors 2017, 17(2), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020405 - 19 Feb 2017
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7588
Abstract
A colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe 1 bearing triphenylamine-thiophene and dicyanovinyl groups has been synthesized and used to detect cyanide anion via a nucleophilic addition reaction. Probe 1 exhibited prominent selectivity and sensitivity towards CN− in aqueous media, even in the presence [...] Read more.
A colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe 1 bearing triphenylamine-thiophene and dicyanovinyl groups has been synthesized and used to detect cyanide anion via a nucleophilic addition reaction. Probe 1 exhibited prominent selectivity and sensitivity towards CN− in aqueous media, even in the presence of other anions such as S2−, HS−, SO32−, S2O32−, S2O82−, I−, Br−, Cl−, F−, NO2−, N3−, SO42−, SCN−, HCO3−, CO32− and AcO−. Moreover, a low detection limit (LOD, 51 nM) was observed. In addition, good cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells were also observed, suggesting its promising potential in bio-imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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7034 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical NiCo2O4 Hollow Sphere as a Peroxidase Mimetic for Colorimetric Detection of H2O2 and Glucose
by Wei Huang, Tianye Lin, Yang Cao, Xiaoyong Lai, Juan Peng and Jinchun Tu
Sensors 2017, 17(1), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010217 - 23 Jan 2017
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 9214
Abstract
In this work, the hierarchical NiCo2O4 hollow sphere synthesized via a “coordinating etching and precipitating” process was demonstrated to exhibit intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. The peroxidase-like activity of NiCo2O4, NiO, and Co3O4 hollow spheres [...] Read more.
In this work, the hierarchical NiCo2O4 hollow sphere synthesized via a “coordinating etching and precipitating” process was demonstrated to exhibit intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. The peroxidase-like activity of NiCo2O4, NiO, and Co3O4 hollow spheres were comparatively studied by the catalytic oxidation reaction of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in presence of H2O2, and a superior peroxidase-like activity of NiCo2O4 was confirmed by stronger absorbance at 652 nm. Furthermore, the proposed sensing platform showed commendable response to H2O2 with a linear range from 10 μM to 400 μM, and a detection limit of 0.21 μM. Cooperated with GOx, the developed novel colorimetric and visual glucose-sensing platform exhibited high selectivity, favorable reproducibility, satisfactory applicability, wide linear range (from 0.1 mM to 4.5 mM), and a low detection limit of 5.31 μM. In addition, the concentration-dependent color change would offer a better and handier way for detection of H2O2 and glucose by naked eye. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1950 KiB  
Article
Detection of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with a Novel Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Pair Using a Two-Component System
by Tobias Wimmer, Eva Schroeter, Birgit Lorenz and Knut Stieger
Sensors 2017, 17(1), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010145 - 13 Jan 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4998
Abstract
In this paper we describe a two-component BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer)-based method to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) molecules in unknown samples as the basis for subsequent in vivo use. A luminescent VEGF binding molecule, which binds in the receptor binding [...] Read more.
In this paper we describe a two-component BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer)-based method to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) molecules in unknown samples as the basis for subsequent in vivo use. A luminescent VEGF binding molecule, which binds in the receptor binding motif of VEGF, is used as the energy donor, transferred to a fluorophore-coupled VEGF binding molecule (acceptor), which binds to the neuropilin binding motif of VEGF, thus enabling energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor molecule. This leads to the emission of light at a longer wavelength and thus the generation of an increased BRET signal only when VEGF is bound to both the donor and acceptor molecules. We further describe a novel BRET pair that uses the Renilla reniformis mutant luciferase RLuc8 and the chemically engineered fluorophore PerCP-Cy5.5®, which exhibits superior peak separation of approximately 300 nm. The implantation of capsules consisting of the two BRET components in solution, permeable for VEGF for its in vivo detection, would provide a new and improved method for monitoring VEGF-induced pathologies and thus an adjustment of therapy to patient needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2940 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Fluorescence-Based Sandwich Immunoassay Using Multilayered Microplates Modified with Plasma-Polymerized Films
by Kazuyoshi Yano and Akira Iwasaki
Sensors 2017, 17(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010037 - 25 Dec 2016
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4952
Abstract
A functional modification of the surface of a 96-well microplate coupled with a thin layer deposition technique is demonstrated for enhanced fluorescence-based sandwich immunoassays. The plasma polymerization technique enabling the deposition of organic thin films was employed for the modification of the well [...] Read more.
A functional modification of the surface of a 96-well microplate coupled with a thin layer deposition technique is demonstrated for enhanced fluorescence-based sandwich immunoassays. The plasma polymerization technique enabling the deposition of organic thin films was employed for the modification of the well surface of a microplate. A silver layer and a plasma-polymerized film were consecutively deposited on the microplate as a metal mirror and the optical interference layer, respectively. When Cy3-labeled antibody was applied to the wells of the resulting multilayered microplate without any immobilization step, greatly enhanced fluorescence was observed compared with that obtained with the unmodified one. The same effect could be also exhibited for an immunoassay targeting antigen directly adsorbed on the multilayered microplate. Furthermore, a sandwich immunoassay for the detection of interleukin 2 (IL-2) was performed with the multilayered microplates, resulting in specific and 88-fold–enhanced fluorescence detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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823 KiB  
Article
A Cu2+-Selective Probe Based on Phenanthro-Imidazole Derivative
by Dandan Cheng, Xingliang Liu, Hongzhi Yang, Tian Zhang, Aixia Han and Ling Zang
Sensors 2017, 17(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010035 - 24 Dec 2016
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6674
Abstract
A novel fluorescent Probe 1, based on phenanthro-imidazole has been developed as an efficient chemosensor for the trace detection of copper ions (Cu2+). Probe 1 demonstrated sensitive fluorescence quenching upon binding with Cu2+ through 1:1 stoichiometric chelation. The detection [...] Read more.
A novel fluorescent Probe 1, based on phenanthro-imidazole has been developed as an efficient chemosensor for the trace detection of copper ions (Cu2+). Probe 1 demonstrated sensitive fluorescence quenching upon binding with Cu2+ through 1:1 stoichiometric chelation. The detection limit for Cu2+ ions was projected through linear quenching fitting to be as low as 2.77 × 10−8 M (or 1.77 ppb). The sensing response was highly selective towards Cu2+ with minimal influence from other common metal ions, facilitating the practical application of Probe 1 in trace detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2603 KiB  
Article
Visualization of Fluoride Ions In Vivo Using a Gadolinium(III)-Coumarin Complex-Based Fluorescence/MRI Dual-Modal Probe
by Yue Wang, Renfeng Song, Huan Feng, Ke Guo, Qingtao Meng, Haijun Chi, Run Zhang and Zhiqiang Zhang
Sensors 2016, 16(12), 2165; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122165 - 16 Dec 2016
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7003
Abstract
A new Gadolinium(III)–coumarin complex, DO3A-Gd-CA, was designed and prepared as a dual-modal probe for simultaneous fluorescence and relaxivity responses to fluoride ions (F−) in aqueous media and mice. DO3A-Gd-CA was designed by using Gd(III) center as an MRI [...] Read more.
A new Gadolinium(III)–coumarin complex, DO3A-Gd-CA, was designed and prepared as a dual-modal probe for simultaneous fluorescence and relaxivity responses to fluoride ions (F−) in aqueous media and mice. DO3A-Gd-CA was designed by using Gd(III) center as an MRI signal output unit and fluoride binding site, and the 4-(diethylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (CA) as a fluorescence reporter. Upon the addition of fluoride ions to the solution of DO3A-Gd-CA, the liberation of the coordinated CA ligand led to a 5.7-fold fluorescence enhancement and a 75% increase in the longitudinal relaxivity (r1). The fluorescent detection limit for fluoride ions was determined to be 8 μM based on a 3σ/slope. The desirable features of the proposed DO3A-Gd-CA, such as high sensitivity and specificity, reliability at physiological pH and low cytotoxicity enable its application in visualization of fluoride ion in mice. The successful in vivo imaging indicates that DO3A-Gd-CA could be potentially used in biomedical diagnosis fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1931 KiB  
Article
An Ionic 1,4-Bis(styryl)benzene-Based Fluorescent Probe for Mercury(II) Detection in Water via Deprotection of the Thioacetal Group
by Van Sang Le, Ji-Eun Jeong, Huy Tuan Huynh, Jiae Lee and Han Young Woo
Sensors 2016, 16(12), 2082; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122082 - 07 Dec 2016
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6259
Abstract
Highly sensitive and selective mercury detection in aqueous media is urgently needed because mercury poisoning usually results from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury by inhalation and/or ingesting. An ionic conjugated oligoelectrolye (M1Q) based on 1,4-bis(styryl)benzene was synthesized as a fluorescent mercury(II) probe. [...] Read more.
Highly sensitive and selective mercury detection in aqueous media is urgently needed because mercury poisoning usually results from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury by inhalation and/or ingesting. An ionic conjugated oligoelectrolye (M1Q) based on 1,4-bis(styryl)benzene was synthesized as a fluorescent mercury(II) probe. The thioacetal moiety and quaternized ammonium group were incorporated for Hg2+ recognition and water solubility. A neutral Hg2+ probe (M1) was also prepared based on the same molecular backbone, and their sensor characteristics were investigated in a mixture of acetonitrile/water and in water. In the presence of Hg2+, the thioacetal group was converted to aldehyde functionality, and the resulting photoluminescence intensity decreased. In water, M1Q successfully demonstrated highly sensitive detection, showing a binding toward Hg2+ that was ~15 times stronger and a signal on/off ratio twice as high, compared to M1 in acetonitrile/water. The thioacetal deprotection by Hg2+ ions was substantially facilitated in water without an organic cosolvent. The limit of detection was measured to be 7 nM with a detection range of 10–180 nM in 100% aqueous medium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1364 KiB  
Article
Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Urine through Sensitized Lanthanide Luminescence
by Subhankar Singha and Kyo Han Ahn
Sensors 2016, 16(12), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122065 - 05 Dec 2016
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7627
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is widely used for the treatment of bacterial infection in humans due to its broad antibacterial spectrum. An excessive use or overdose of ciprofloxacin on the other hand can cause several adverse effects not only to humans but also [...] Read more.
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is widely used for the treatment of bacterial infection in humans due to its broad antibacterial spectrum. An excessive use or overdose of ciprofloxacin on the other hand can cause several adverse effects not only to humans but also to microorganisms. Unabsorbed ciprofloxacin in the body is mostly excreted through urine and finally goes to the environment, providing a drug resistance pressure on bacteria. Hence a simple and efficient detection method of ciprofloxacin is necessary, which, for example, can be used to analyze ciprofloxacin content in urine. Although ciprofloxacin itself shows inherent fluorescence, direct fluorescent detection of ciprofloxacin in raw urine sample is difficult due to autofluorescence of urine by other components. Herein we report that a Tb(III) complex of DO3A (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) can be efficiently sensitized by ciprofloxacin to emit luminescence separately from the urine autofluorescence wavelength region. Tb-DO3A shows excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of three parts per billion in aqueous buffer solution. Further, Tb-DO3A is used to detect ciprofloxacin with high sensitivity and selectivity in a raw urine sample without any purification or separation procedures in the concentrations ranging from 1 µg·mL−1 to 50 µg·mL−1. The direct measurement of ciprofloxacin excreted in urine may be used to control overdose of the drug. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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3567 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Pumping Flow System for In Situ Measurements of Dissolved Manganese in Aquatic Systems
by David Meyer, Ralf D. Prien, Olaf Dellwig, Joanna J. Waniek, Ingo Schuffenhauer, Jan Donath, Siegfried Krüger, Malte Pallentin and Detlef E. Schulz-Bull
Sensors 2016, 16(12), 2027; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122027 - 30 Nov 2016
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5411
Abstract
A METals In Situ analyzer (METIS) has been used to determine dissolved manganese (II) concentrations in the subhalocline waters of the Gotland Deep (central Baltic Sea). High-resolution in situ measurements of total dissolved Mn were obtained in near real-time by spectrophotometry using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol [...] Read more.
A METals In Situ analyzer (METIS) has been used to determine dissolved manganese (II) concentrations in the subhalocline waters of the Gotland Deep (central Baltic Sea). High-resolution in situ measurements of total dissolved Mn were obtained in near real-time by spectrophotometry using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). PAN is a complexing agent of dissolved Mn and forms a wine-red complex with a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 562 nm. Results are presented together with ancillary temperature, salinity, and dissolved O 2 data. Lab calibration of the analyzer was performed in a pressure testing tank. A detection limit of 77 nM was obtained. For validation purposes, discrete water samples were taken by using a pump-CTD system. Dissolved Mn in these samples was determined by an independent laboratory based method (inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES). Mn measurements from both METIS and ICP-OES analysis were in good agreement. The results showed that the in situ analysis of dissolved Mn is a powerful technique reducing dependencies on heavy and expensive equipment (pump-CTD system, ICP-OES) and is also cost and time effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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3076 KiB  
Article
One-Pot Click Access to a Cyclodextrin Dimer-Based Novel Aggregation Induced Emission Sensor and Monomer-Based Chiral Stationary Phase
by Xiaoli Li, Rui Zhao, Xiaoying Tang, Yanyan Shi, Chunyi Li and Yong Wang
Sensors 2016, 16(12), 1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16121985 - 24 Nov 2016
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7594
Abstract
A ‘two birds, one stone’ strategy was developed via a one-pot click reaction to simultaneously prepare a novel cyclodextrin (CD) dimer based aggregation induced emission (AIE) sensor (AIE-DCD) and a monomer based chiral stationary phase (CSP-MCD) for chiral high performance liquid chromatography (CHPLC). [...] Read more.
A ‘two birds, one stone’ strategy was developed via a one-pot click reaction to simultaneously prepare a novel cyclodextrin (CD) dimer based aggregation induced emission (AIE) sensor (AIE-DCD) and a monomer based chiral stationary phase (CSP-MCD) for chiral high performance liquid chromatography (CHPLC). AIE-DCD was found to afford satisfactory AIE response for specific detection of Zn2+ with a detection limit of 50 nM. CSP-MCD exhibits excellent enantioseparation ability toward dansyl amino acids, where the resolution of dansyl amino leucine reaches 5.43. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1620 KiB  
Article
Label-Free Fluorescent Detection of Trypsin Activity Based on DNA-Stabilized Silver Nanocluster-Peptide Conjugates
by Cai-Xia Zhuo, Li-Hui Wang, Jing-Jing Feng and Yao-Dong Zhang
Sensors 2016, 16(11), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111477 - 09 Nov 2016
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7923
Abstract
Trypsin is important during the regulation of pancreatic exocrine function. The detection of trypsin activity is currently limited because of the need for the substrate to be labeled with a fluorescent tag. A label-free fluorescent method has been developed to monitor trypsin activity. [...] Read more.
Trypsin is important during the regulation of pancreatic exocrine function. The detection of trypsin activity is currently limited because of the need for the substrate to be labeled with a fluorescent tag. A label-free fluorescent method has been developed to monitor trypsin activity. The designed peptide probe consists of six arginine molecules and a cysteine terminus and can be conjugated to DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) by Ag-S bonding to enhance fluorescence. The peptide probe can also be adsorbed to the surface of graphene oxide (GO), thus resulting in the fluorescence quenching of DNA-AgNCs-peptide conjugate because of Förster resonance energy transfer. Once trypsin had degraded the peptide probe into amino acid residues, the DNA-AgNCs were released from the surface of GO, and the enhanced fluorescence of DNA-AgNCs was restored. Trypsin can be determined with a linear range of 0.0–50.0 ng/mL with a concentration as low as 1 ng/mL. This label-free method is simple and sensitive and has been successfully used for the determination of trypsin in serum. The method can also be modified to detect other proteases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2837 KiB  
Article
Detection of Copper(II) Ions Using Glycine on Hydrazine-Adsorbed Gold Nanoparticles via Raman Spectroscopy
by Nguyễn Hoàng Ly, Chulhun Seo and Sang-Woo Joo
Sensors 2016, 16(11), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111785 - 26 Oct 2016
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8543
Abstract
A facile, selective, and sensitive detection method for the Cu2+ ions in environmental and biological solutions has been newly developed by observing the unique CN stretching peaks at ~2108 cm−1 upon the dissociative adsorption of glycine (GLY) in hydrazine buffer on [...] Read more.
A facile, selective, and sensitive detection method for the Cu2+ ions in environmental and biological solutions has been newly developed by observing the unique CN stretching peaks at ~2108 cm−1 upon the dissociative adsorption of glycine (GLY) in hydrazine buffer on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The relative abundance of Cu species on AuNPs was identified from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. UV-Vis spectra also indicated that the Au particles aggregated to result in the color change owing to the destabilization induced by the GLY-Cu2+ complex. The CN stretching band at ~2108 cm−1 could be observed to indicate the formation of the CN species from GLY on the hydrazine-covered AuNP surfaces. The other ions of Fe3+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Na+, and K+ at high concentrations of 50 µM did not produce such spectral changes. The detection limit based on the CN band for the determination of the Cu2+ ion could be estimated to be as low as 500 nM in distilled water and 1 µM in river water, respectively. We attempted to apply our method to estimate intracellular ion detection in cancer cells for more practical purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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980 KiB  
Article
ESIPT-Based Photoactivatable Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Spatiotemporal Bioimaging
by Xiaohong Zhou, Yuren Jiang, Xiongjie Zhao and Dong Guo
Sensors 2016, 16(10), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101684 - 12 Oct 2016
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6572
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores have become an important technique for the high spatiotemporal resolution of biological imaging. Here, we developed a novel photoactivatable probe (PHBT), which is based on 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), a small organic fluorophore known for its classic luminescence mechanism through excited-state intramolecular proton [...] Read more.
Photoactivatable fluorophores have become an important technique for the high spatiotemporal resolution of biological imaging. Here, we developed a novel photoactivatable probe (PHBT), which is based on 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), a small organic fluorophore known for its classic luminescence mechanism through excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with the keto form and the enol form. After photocleavage, PHBT released a ratiometric fluorophore HBT, which showed dual emission bands with more than 73-fold fluorescence enhancement at 512 nm in buffer and more than 69-fold enhancement at 452 nm in bovine serum. The probe displayed a high ratiometric imaging resolution and is believed to have a wide application in biological imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2329 KiB  
Article
Highly Selective and Ultrasensitive Turn-on Luminescence Chemosensor for Mercury (II) Determination Based on the Rhodamine 6G Derivative FC1 and Au Nanoparticles
by Romina Brasca, María C. Onaindia, Héctor C. Goicoechea, Arsenio Muñoz de la Peña and María J. Culzoni
Sensors 2016, 16(10), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101652 - 06 Oct 2016
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5504
Abstract
A method for the detection and quantitation of Hg2+ in aqueous samples by fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. It consists of a turn-on sensor developed by coupling Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the rhodamine 6G derivative FC1, in which the response is generated by a [...] Read more.
A method for the detection and quantitation of Hg2+ in aqueous samples by fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. It consists of a turn-on sensor developed by coupling Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the rhodamine 6G derivative FC1, in which the response is generated by a mercury-induced ring-opening reaction. The AuNPs were included in order to improve the sensitivity of the method towards the analyte, maintaining its high selectivity. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy, and applied to the quantitation of Hg2+ in Milli-Q and tap water with and without spiked analyte. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.15 μg·L−1 and 0.43 μg·L−1, respectively, constituting a substantial improvement of sensitivity in comparison with the previously reported detection of Hg2+ with free FC1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2423 KiB  
Article
A Simple BODIPY-Based Viscosity Probe for Imaging of Cellular Viscosity in Live Cells
by Dongdong Su, Chai Lean Teoh, Nengyue Gao, Qing-Hua Xu and Young-Tae Chang
Sensors 2016, 16(9), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091397 - 31 Aug 2016
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 11071
Abstract
Intracellular viscosity is a fundamental physical parameter that indicates the functioning of cells. In this work, we developed a simple boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based probe, BTV, for cellular mitochondria viscosity imaging by coupling a simple BODIPY rotor with a mitochondria-targeting unit. The BTV exhibited [...] Read more.
Intracellular viscosity is a fundamental physical parameter that indicates the functioning of cells. In this work, we developed a simple boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based probe, BTV, for cellular mitochondria viscosity imaging by coupling a simple BODIPY rotor with a mitochondria-targeting unit. The BTV exhibited a significant fluorescence intensity enhancement of more than 100-fold as the solvent viscosity increased. Also, the probe showed a direct linear relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and the media viscosity, which makes it possible to trace the change of the medium viscosity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that BTV could achieve practical applicability in the monitoring of mitochondrial viscosity changes in live cells through fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1005 KiB  
Article
Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for Detecting DNA Methylation
by Seockjune Kim, Sang-Hyun Hwang, Su-Gyeong Im, Min-Ki Lee, Chang-Hun Lee, Sang Jun Son and Heung-Bum Oh
Sensors 2016, 16(8), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081259 - 09 Aug 2016
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6045
Abstract
Aberrant methylation of a crucial CpG island is the main mechanism for the inactivation of CDKN2A in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Therefore, the detection of DNA methylation with high sensitivity and specificity is important, and various detection methods have been developed. Recently, [...] Read more.
Aberrant methylation of a crucial CpG island is the main mechanism for the inactivation of CDKN2A in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Therefore, the detection of DNA methylation with high sensitivity and specificity is important, and various detection methods have been developed. Recently, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been found to display a high signal-to-noise ratio and no photobleaching, making them useful for diagnostic applications. In this pilot study, we applied UCNPs to the detection of CDKN2A methylation and evaluated the feasibility of this system for use in molecular diagnostics. DNA PCR was performed using biotinylated primers, and the PCR amplicon was then intercalated with SYTOX Orange dye, followed by incubation with streptavidin-conjugated UCNPs. Fluorescence detection of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of the UCNPs (MS-UC-FRET) was then performed, and the results were compared to those from real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) and pyrosequencing. Detection by MS-UC-FRET was more sensitive than that by either RQ-PCR or pyrosequencing. Our results confirmed the success of our MS-UC-FRET system for detecting DNA methylation and demonstrated the potential application of this system in molecular diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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3176 KiB  
Article
Theoretical and Experimental: The Synthetic and Anion-Binding Properties of Tripodal Salicylaldehyde Derivatives
by Zhong-Jie Xu and Li-Rong Zhang
Sensors 2016, 16(5), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050733 - 19 May 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5088
Abstract
A series of colorimetric anion probes 1–6 containing OH and NO2 groups were synthesized, and their recognition properties toward various anions were investigated by visual observation, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration spectra and theoretical investigation. Nanomaterials of three [...] Read more.
A series of colorimetric anion probes 1–6 containing OH and NO2 groups were synthesized, and their recognition properties toward various anions were investigated by visual observation, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration spectra and theoretical investigation. Nanomaterials of three compounds 2–4 were prepared successfully. Four compounds 3–6 that contain electron-withdrawing substituents showed a high binding ability for AcO−. The host–guest complex formed through a 1:1 binding ratio, and color changes were detectable during the recognition process. Theoretical investigation analysis revealed that an intramolecular hydrogen bond existed in the structures of compounds and the roles of molecular frontier orbitals in molecular interplay. These studies suggested that this series of compounds could be used as colorimetric probes to detect of AcO−. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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3540 KiB  
Article
Fluoride Anion Recognition by a Multifunctional Urea Derivative: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
by Jana Schiller, Raúl Pérez-Ruiz, Diego Sampedro, Eugenia Marqués-López, Raquel P. Herrera and David Díaz Díaz
Sensors 2016, 16(5), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050658 - 09 May 2016
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 8341
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate the ability of a multifaceted N,N′-disubstituted urea to selectively recognize fluoride anion (F−) among other halides. This additional function is now added to its already reported organocatalytic and organogelator properties. The signaling mechanism [...] Read more.
In this work we demonstrate the ability of a multifaceted N,N′-disubstituted urea to selectively recognize fluoride anion (F−) among other halides. This additional function is now added to its already reported organocatalytic and organogelator properties. The signaling mechanism relies on the formation of a charge-transfer (CT) complex between the urea-based sensor and F¯ in the ground state with a high association constant as demonstrated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The nature of the hydrogen bonding interaction between the sensor and F¯ was established by 1H-NMR studies and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the recovery of the sensor was achieved by addition of methanol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2101 KiB  
Article
A Rapid In Situ Colorimetric Assay for Cobalt Detection by the Naked Eye
by Sung-Min Kang, Sung-Chan Jang, Gi Yong Kim, Chang-Soo Lee, Yun Suk Huh and Changhyun Roh
Sensors 2016, 16(5), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050626 - 02 May 2016
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 10140
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and convenient colorimetric chemosensor of a specific target toward the end user is still required for on-site detection and real-time monitoring applications. In this study, we developed a rapid in situ colorimetric assay for cobalt detection using the naked eye. [...] Read more.
A simple, rapid, and convenient colorimetric chemosensor of a specific target toward the end user is still required for on-site detection and real-time monitoring applications. In this study, we developed a rapid in situ colorimetric assay for cobalt detection using the naked eye. Interestingly, a yellow to light orange visual color transition was observed within 3 s when a Chrysoidine G (CG) chemosensor was exposed to cobalt. Surprisingly, the CG chemosensor had great selectivity toward cobalt without any interference of other metal ions. Under optimized conditions, a lower detection limit of 0.1 ppm via a spectrophotometer and a visual detection limit of 2 ppm with a linear range from 0.4 to 1 ppm (R2 = 0.97) were determined. Moreover, the CG chemosensor is reversible and maintains its functionality after treatment with chelating agents. In conclusion, we show the superior capabilities of the CG chemosensor, which has the potential to provide extremely facile handling, high sensitivity, and a fast response time for applications of on-site detection to real-time cobalt monitoring for the general public. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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2069 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Colorimetric Assay Based on V2O5 Nanozymes for Sensitive Detection of H2O2 and Glucose
by Jiaheng Sun, Chunyan Li, Yanfei Qi, Shuanli Guo and Xue Liang
Sensors 2016, 16(4), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040584 - 22 Apr 2016
Cited by 94 | Viewed by 10193
Abstract
Nanozyme-based chemical sensing is a rapidly emerging field of research. Herein, a simple colorimetric assay for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose based on the peroxidase-like activity of V2O5 nanozymes has been established. In this assay, the effects of [...] Read more.
Nanozyme-based chemical sensing is a rapidly emerging field of research. Herein, a simple colorimetric assay for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose based on the peroxidase-like activity of V2O5 nanozymes has been established. In this assay, the effects of pH, substrate, nanozyme concentrations and buffer solution have been investigated. It was found that compared with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the enzyme substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD) seriously interfered with the H2O2 detection. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the resulting sensor displayed a good response to H2O2 with a linear range of 1 to 500 μM, and a detection limit of 1 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. A linear correlation was established between absorbance intensity and concentration of glucose from 10 to 2000 μM, with a detection limit of 10 μM. The current work presents a simple, cheap, more convenient, sensitive, and easy handling colorimetric assay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1338 KiB  
Article
Rapid Detection of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Activity in Mouse Sperm Using Fluorescent Gel Shift Electrophoresis
by Hoseok Choi, Bomi Choi, Ju Tae Seo, Kyung Jin Lee, Myung Chan Gye and Young-Pil Kim
Sensors 2016, 16(4), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040551 - 16 Apr 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6166
Abstract
Assaying the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) activity in sperm is of great importance because it is closely implicated in sperm motility and male infertility. While a number of studies on GSK3 activity have relied on labor-intensive immunoblotting to identify phosphorylated GSK3, here we [...] Read more.
Assaying the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) activity in sperm is of great importance because it is closely implicated in sperm motility and male infertility. While a number of studies on GSK3 activity have relied on labor-intensive immunoblotting to identify phosphorylated GSK3, here we report the simple and rapid detection of GSK3 activity in mouse sperm using conventional agarose gel electrophoresis and a fluorescent peptide substrate. When a dye-tethered and prephosphorylated (primed) peptide substrate for GSK3 was employed, a distinct mobility shift in the fluorescent bands on the agarose was observed by GSK3-induced phosphorylation of the primed peptides. The GSK3 activity in mouse testes and sperm were quantifiable by gel shift assay with low sample consumption and were significantly correlated with the expression levels of GSK3 and p-GSK3. We suggest that our assay can be used for reliable and rapid detection of GSK3 activity in cells and tissue extracts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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1550 KiB  
Article
Reverse-Bumpy-Ball-Type-Nanoreactor-Loaded Nylon Membranes as Peroxidase-Mimic Membrane Reactors for a Colorimetric Assay for H2O2
by Ying Tong, Xiangyu Jiao, Hankun Yang, Yongqiang Wen, Lei Su and Xueji Zhang
Sensors 2016, 16(4), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040465 - 01 Apr 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5813
Abstract
Herein we report for the first time fabrication of reverse bumpy ball (RBB)-type-nanoreactor-based flexible peroxidase-mimic membrane reactors (MRs). The RBB-type nanoreactors with gold nanoparticles embedded in the inner walls of carbon shells were loaded on nylon membranes through a facile filtration approach. The [...] Read more.
Herein we report for the first time fabrication of reverse bumpy ball (RBB)-type-nanoreactor-based flexible peroxidase-mimic membrane reactors (MRs). The RBB-type nanoreactors with gold nanoparticles embedded in the inner walls of carbon shells were loaded on nylon membranes through a facile filtration approach. The as-prepared flexible catalytic membrane was studied as a peroxidase-mimic MR. It was found that the obtained peroxidase-mimic MR could exhibit several advantages over natural enzymes, such as facile and good recyclability, long-term stability and easy storage. Moreover, the RBB NS-modified nylon MRs as a peroxidase mimic provide a useful colorimetric assay for H2O2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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Review

Jump to: Research

6993 KiB  
Review
Integrating Deoxyribozymes into Colorimetric Sensing Platforms
by Dingran Chang, Sandy Zakaria, Mimi Deng, Nicholas Allen, Kha Tram and Yingfu Li
Sensors 2016, 16(12), 2061; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122061 - 03 Dec 2016
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 9045
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices that have found a variety of applications in medical diagnostics, food quality control, environmental monitoring and biodefense. In recent years, functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers and nucleic acid enzymes, have shown great potential in biosensor development due to [...] Read more.
Biosensors are analytical devices that have found a variety of applications in medical diagnostics, food quality control, environmental monitoring and biodefense. In recent years, functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers and nucleic acid enzymes, have shown great potential in biosensor development due to their excellent ability in target recognition and catalysis. Deoxyribozymes (or DNAzymes) are single-stranded DNA molecules with catalytic activity and can be isolated to recognize a wide range of analytes through the process of in vitro selection. By using various signal transduction mechanisms, DNAzymes can be engineered into fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical and chemiluminescent biosensors. Among them, colorimetric sensors represent an attractive option as the signal can be easily detected by the naked eye. This reduces reliance on complex and expensive equipment. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in the development of colorimetric biosensors that make use of DNAzymes and the prospect of employing these sensors in a range of chemical and biological applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor)
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