Dear Colleagues,

Renewable energies, and particularly offshore energies, constitute an opportunity to meet international and national commitments and targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, and they therefore constitute an element of the approach necessary to address global warming in general. However, such sources of energy are not without drawbacks, given that their installation, operation and decommissioning may potentially cause damage to and threaten the marine environment. It is therefore important to achieve a balance between the environmental benefits of using of the oceans and the need for protection of the environment.

The studies of this Special Issue are expected to address:

• The identification of areas of conflict including case analysis. Compatibilities and incompatibilities with other activities undertaken in the marine environment. Development of joint activities sharing the marine space. Management, prevention and regulation of conflicts with other sea users. Maritime Spatial Planning.
• Analysis, measurement and management of risks and impacts. Consequences and solutions.
• The design of less damaging facilities to the marine environment and the development of methods of construction, maintenance and removal more environmentally-friendly.
• Definitions of new methods for the evaluation and monitoring of the impact. Managing uncertainty, improving exchange and collection of data.
• The mapping of areas at a global and regional scale where installation should be avoided
• The assessment of potential future legal and factual problems in the field of environmental assessment associated with offshore energies at global and regional scale.
• Assessment of offshore wind energy resources. Analysis of offshore wind energy potential by means of in-situ data, reanalysis databases or numerical weather prediction models.
• Impact of climate change on offshore wind power generation. Analysis of future estimations or variations in wind speed throughout future projections.

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• Offshore renewable energies
• Environmental Assessment
• Regulation and Impact
• Legal problems