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Sustainable Urban Logistics
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Sustainable Urban Logistics

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Transportation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2019) | Viewed by 58522

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dongjoo Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Transportation Engineering, The University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
Interests: freight modeling; ITS; transportation planning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of logistics typically entails studies geared toward identifying the best solutions for urban freight distributions. Generally, these studies were based on transport cost and time minimization while neglecting environmental protection. Currently, researchers around the globe are displaying passion for sustainable urban logistics, which encapsulates the efficient operation of logistics systems and prioritizing environmental protection.

The issue of sustainable urban logistics is imperative due to the rapid growth experienced in cities worldwide. In dense urban environments where congestion is prevalent, logistics service delivery is severely impaired. These days, logistics processes are evolving, and new ideas such as logistics collaboration, pooling, and green logistics have been identified to save delivery costs and time through economies of scale. These has been identified as great remedies for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction.

This Special Issue seeks to collect research articles that explore sustainable urban logistics geared toward realizing a reduction in pollution and mitigating the effects of congestion, and efficient logistics systems. Policy oriented papers that provide insights into modern logistics approaches that focus on GHG emission measures are also welcomed.

Prof. Dongjoo Park
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Urban logistics
  • Urban freight transportation
  • Greenhouse gasses
  • Logistics collaboration
  • Environmental protection

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2080 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Spatial Dimensions of Warehouse Rent Determinants: A Case Study of Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea
by Hyunwoo Lim and Minyoung Park
Sustainability 2020, 12(1), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010259 - 28 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3659
Abstract
The spatial mismatch between warehouse locations and urban freight demand mainly driven by logistics sprawl can have negative environmental impacts, due to the increase in average trucking distances. This study investigated the spatial dimension of warehouse rent determinants identifying the regional specifics of [...] Read more.
The spatial mismatch between warehouse locations and urban freight demand mainly driven by logistics sprawl can have negative environmental impacts, due to the increase in average trucking distances. This study investigated the spatial dimension of warehouse rent determinants identifying the regional specifics of supply and demand of warehouse facilities and services. Based on the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area in South Korea, spatial autoregressive regression (SAR) and mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models were developed to explain the spatial stationary and non-stationary relationship between warehouse rent and the explanatory variables, including the transactional characteristics of the rental contracts, physical characteristics of the buildings, location factors, and various warehousing services. The MGWR results identified the distance to the nearest highway interchange, repackaging service, and built-in ramps as globally fixed variables and contract floor space, total building floor space, building age, and land price as locally varying variables. The results of this study allowed us to provide meaningful insights into the sustainable development of urban logistics facilities through a better understanding of the interaction between logistics activities, transportation infrastructure, and land use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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14 pages, 252 KiB  
Article
Transport Management Characteristics of Urban Hazardous Material Handling Business Entities
by Hongmo Sung, Jungeun Kim, Jungyeol Hong, Dongjoo Park and Young-Ihn Lee
Sustainability 2019, 11(23), 6600; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236600 - 22 Nov 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2336
Abstract
In order to minimize the occurrence of large-scale accidents resulting from the transportation of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) on urban roadways, a system to monitor freight vehicle movements in real-time is being implemented. Although monitoring systems are in place, no prioritization strategy has been [...] Read more.
In order to minimize the occurrence of large-scale accidents resulting from the transportation of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) on urban roadways, a system to monitor freight vehicle movements in real-time is being implemented. Although monitoring systems are in place, no prioritization strategy has been prepared for the selection of vehicles by the companies handling HAZMAT. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors affecting the level of transport management of HAZMAT handling business entities such as the freight, shipping, and vehicle characteristics, and suggests directions for effective policy enforcement of HAZMAT vehicle monitoring strategies. In this study, nation-wide survey data on the logistics status of HAZMAT handling business entities were collected, and the influence of such business entities according to their level of transport management was derived using an ordered logit model. Implications were obtained through statistical analysis of the transport management behavior of urban hazardous material handling business entities. In the future, it is necessary to study empirical methods for setting priorities based on the survey data of the entire population of HAZMAT transport vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
13 pages, 697 KiB  
Article
Packaging as an Offline Method to Share Information: Evidence from the Food and Beverage Industry in the Republic of Korea
by Bulim Choi and Kang-Dae Lee
Sustainability 2019, 11(22), 6327; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226327 - 11 Nov 2019
Viewed by 2127
Abstract
With the growing participation by diverse stakeholders in the total flow of products, as seen with supply chains and logistics, it is becoming increasingly complicated to decide what information is to be shared and who is to be a partner. The purpose of [...] Read more.
With the growing participation by diverse stakeholders in the total flow of products, as seen with supply chains and logistics, it is becoming increasingly complicated to decide what information is to be shared and who is to be a partner. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of packaging as an offline method to share information in the total channel. This is because packaging improves communication among stakeholders and is normally part of the first contact between them and the product. Thus, it has the strategic potential to share product information that meets stakeholders’ needs. To accomplish this objective, we built a research framework that depicts four hypotheses and tested it with structural equation modeling (SEM). Data were collected by surveys and measured for statistical analysis. After identifying the role of packaging, we showed nine specific related variables and the information’s perceived effects on stakeholders and their directions and relative values. This will help future researchers to discuss packaging’s extended roles, the needs of information separation, and its priority to be shared to help executives develop packaging strategies as an offline means to share information. Additionally, as packaging is considered to be an information generator, it gives participants the opportunity to extend its roles and to assign additional information to the product along the offline flow of goods from manufacturers to end users. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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23 pages, 3026 KiB  
Article
Truck Scheduling Problem Considering Carbon Emissions under Truck Appointment System
by Houming Fan, Xiaoxue Ren, Zhenfeng Guo and Yang Li
Sustainability 2019, 11(22), 6256; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226256 - 7 Nov 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3001
Abstract
Aiming at the truck scheduling problem between the outer yard and multi-terminals, the appointment optimization model of truck is established. In this model, the queue time and the operation time of truck during the appointment period of different terminals are different. Under the [...] Read more.
Aiming at the truck scheduling problem between the outer yard and multi-terminals, the appointment optimization model of truck is established. In this model, the queue time and the operation time of truck during the appointment period of different terminals are different. Under the restriction of given appointment quotas of each appointment period, determine the arrival amount of trucks in each appointment period. The goal is to reduce carbon emissions and total costs, improve the efficiency of truck scheduling. To solve this model, hybrid genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search was designed. Firstly, generate chromosomes, and the front part of the chromosome represents the demand for 40 ft containers and the back part represents the demand for 20 ft containers. Then, the route is generated according to the time constraint and appointment quotas of each appointment period. Finally, the neighborhood search strategy is adopted to improve the solution quality. The validity of the model and algorithm were verified by an example. A low-carbon scheduling scheme was obtained under truck appointment system. The results show that the scheduling scheme under truck appointment system uses fewer trucks, improves the efficiency of delivery, reduces the total costs, and it takes into account the requirements of low carbon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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19 pages, 5291 KiB  
Article
A Simulation Study on the Potential of Moving Urban Freight by a Cross-City Railway Line
by Praful Potti, Marin Marinov and Edward Sweeney
Sustainability 2019, 11(21), 6088; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216088 - 1 Nov 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3574
Abstract
This paper analyses the scope for moving urban freight through rail by evaluating the utilisation levels of the Cross-City railway line in The United Kingdom (UK), running between Lichfield Trent Valley and Birmingham New Street. A simulation model of the railway system was [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the scope for moving urban freight through rail by evaluating the utilisation levels of the Cross-City railway line in The United Kingdom (UK), running between Lichfield Trent Valley and Birmingham New Street. A simulation model of the railway system was built and implemented using SIMUL8 computer software. The results from the simulation model suggest that the railway line is being under-utilised. These low utilisation levels of the line presented a case to propose three scenarios that has the potential to carry urban freight by rail through Lichfield Trent Valley to Birmingham New Street Station. The total number of services operated on the line is varied between different scenarios. The proposed three scenarios could not only exploit the existing railway infrastructure by improving the utilisation levels of the currently operating railway line, but also proved to reduce an amount of green-house gases (GHGs) emissions that are caused by heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) moving on the road. After simulating all the proposed scenarios in the SIMUL8 simulation software and analysing the results, scenario number 3 seemed to be the best replacement to the actual system as it presents a case to increase the number of train services running per day by in the line by 108 and causing a drastic improvement in the utilisation levels by an increase of 341.71% to that of the actual system. This proposed system has the potential to eliminate 5400 HGVs moving on the road per day that causes a reduction of CO2 gas by approximately 5.4%. All the scenarios presented in the study assures a sustainable method to move the urban freight by rail that has the potential to reduce congestion and emissions in the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom (UK). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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21 pages, 1933 KiB  
Article
Individually Optimized Commercial Road Transport: A Decision Support System for Customizable Routing Problems
by Max Leyerer, Marc-Oliver Sonneberg, Maximilian Heumann, Tim Kammann and Michael H. Breitner
Sustainability 2019, 11(20), 5544; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205544 - 9 Oct 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3847
Abstract
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in its manifold variants is widely discussed in scientific literature. We investigate related optimization models and solution methods to determine the state of research for vehicle routing attributes and their combinations. Most of these approaches are idealized and [...] Read more.
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in its manifold variants is widely discussed in scientific literature. We investigate related optimization models and solution methods to determine the state of research for vehicle routing attributes and their combinations. Most of these approaches are idealized and focus on single problem-tailored routing applications. Addressing this research gap, we present a customizable VRP for optimized road transportation embedded into a Decision Support System (DSS). It integrates various model attributes and handles a multitude of real-world routing problems. In the context of urban logistics, practitioners of different industries and researchers are assisted in efficient route planning that allows for minimizing driving distances and reducing vehicle emissions. Based on the design science research methodology, we evaluate the DSS with computational benchmarks and real-world simulations. Results indicate that our developed DSS can compete with problem-tailored algorithms. With our solution-oriented DSS as final artifact, we contribute to an enhanced economic and environmental sustainability in urban logistic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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15 pages, 873 KiB  
Article
A Study on Emissions from Drayage Trucks in the Port City-Focusing on the Port of Incheon
by Hyangsook Lee, Hoang Thai Pham, Chihoon Kim and Kangdae Lee
Sustainability 2019, 11(19), 5358; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195358 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2931
Abstract
As a result of growing international trade, port-related emission is a spreading issue for urban areas located near ports, especially, hub port cities where population density is concentrated. The awareness of rapidly increasing drayage trucks moving cargo between the port and its hinterland [...] Read more.
As a result of growing international trade, port-related emission is a spreading issue for urban areas located near ports, especially, hub port cities where population density is concentrated. The awareness of rapidly increasing drayage trucks moving cargo between the port and its hinterland has motivated the necessity of a detailed look at negative environmental impacts of these truck fleets on the achievement of sustainability goals. This study analyzes emission inventory from trucking activities around the Port of Incheon (POI), especially focusing on major air pollutants, and suggests ideas to support establishing new policies in port area. Data on the number of truck, the year of production, the type of fuel, etc. during 2018 were collected from Incheon Port Security and Korea Transport Safety Authority. A bottom-up methodology is applied based on guideline from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As results, the major role of drayage truck fleets to local air pollution was highlighted with the high contribution of CO and NOx emissions. Hence, this study suggested the establishment of Emission Control Area (ECA) and Affected Zone on the landside as well as implementing Integrated Information System and Truck Appointment System to reduce congestion at gate, limit the number of emissions and minimize negative impacts to local community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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20 pages, 2156 KiB  
Article
Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Optimization of Ship Steel Distribution Center under Green Shipbuilding Mode
by Jinghua Li, Hui Guo, Qinghua Zhou and Boxin Yang
Sustainability 2019, 11(15), 4248; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154248 - 6 Aug 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4054
Abstract
Timeliness of steel distribution centers can effectively ensure the smooth progress of ship construction, but the carbon emissions of vehicles in the distribution process are also a major source of pollution. Therefore, when considering the common cost of vehicle distribution, taking the carbon [...] Read more.
Timeliness of steel distribution centers can effectively ensure the smooth progress of ship construction, but the carbon emissions of vehicles in the distribution process are also a major source of pollution. Therefore, when considering the common cost of vehicle distribution, taking the carbon emissions of vehicles into account, this paper establishes a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model called green vehicle routing and scheduling problem with simultaneous pickups and deliveries and time windows (GVRSP-SPDTW). An intelligent water drop algorithm is designed and improved, and compared with the genetic algorithm and traditional intelligent water drop algorithm. The applicability of the improved intelligent water drop algorithm is proven. Finally, it is applied to a specific example to prove that the improved intelligent water drop algorithm can effectively reduce the cost of such problems, thereby reducing the carbon emissions of vehicles in the distribution process, achieving the goals of reducing environmental pollution and green shipbuilding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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19 pages, 1649 KiB  
Article
Agent-Based Simulation Model for Evaluating Urban Freight Policy to E-Commerce
by Roberta Alves, Renato da Silva Lima, David Custódio de Sena, Alexandre Ferreira de Pinho and José Holguín-Veras
Sustainability 2019, 11(15), 4020; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154020 - 25 Jul 2019
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5692
Abstract
This study aims to assess delivery lockers as a last-mile solution, considering the behavior and interaction among e-commerce stakeholders. In Brazil, a large portion of deliveries are attended home. This results in a large number of failed deliveries and redelivery attempts, which can [...] Read more.
This study aims to assess delivery lockers as a last-mile solution, considering the behavior and interaction among e-commerce stakeholders. In Brazil, a large portion of deliveries are attended home. This results in a large number of failed deliveries and redelivery attempts, which can reach up to three delivery attempts. Delivery lockers (DL) represent a solution to reduce the number of re-deliveries and consolidate the delivery of goods. The implementation of DL and the exclusion of the third delivery attempt are evaluated in this study via an agent-based simulation model (ABSM) in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Four scenarios were simulated by varying delivery locker implementation and the exclusion of the third attempts, which allowed comparable results to be obtained for each agent, in terms of gains and operational and external costs (emission, noise, and congestion). The scenario that most closely resembles the current situation was the one that presented the worst results. The implementation of the lockers brings improvements to this scenario in terms of reducing re-deliveries and distances traveled by trucks. When the possibility of three delivery attempts is excluded, the benefits are even greater. The deployment of lockers also enables carriers to reduce the number of trucks required to make deliveries, thereby increasing their profits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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20 pages, 2700 KiB  
Article
Evolution and Determinants of an Air Transport Network: A Case Study of the Chinese Main Air Transport Network
by Min Su, Weixin Luan, Zeyang Li, Shulin Wan and Zhenchao Zhang
Sustainability 2019, 11(14), 3933; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143933 - 19 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
The Chinese main air transport network (CMATN) is the framework for air passenger transport in the country. This study uses complex networks and an econometric model to analyze CMATN’s evolution and determinants. In terms of overall network structure, the network has always shown [...] Read more.
The Chinese main air transport network (CMATN) is the framework for air passenger transport in the country. This study uses complex networks and an econometric model to analyze CMATN’s evolution and determinants. In terms of overall network structure, the network has always shown small-world properties, with smaller average path lengths (2.06–2.15) and larger clustering coefficients (0.68–0.77), while its cumulative degree distribution follows an exponential function. City passenger volumes conform to the degree power law function, which means that the more destinations a city connects to, the higher its passenger traffic will be. In major hub cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, control power decreases, while Chengdu, Kunming, Chongqing, Xi’an, Urumqi, and other cities play an increasingly important role in CMATN. In terms of main route passenger volumes and formation, increases in GDP and tourism have had a promoting effect, while high-speed rail (HSR) poses a threat to overlapping routes. CMATN is primarily located in the central and eastern regions, focusing on China’s economy, tourism, and efficient HSR development. Although the competition from HSR affects the overall network structure of CMATN based on its influence on specific routes, we believe that the impact is limited due to the different transport attributes of the two networks. The research results of this study can become an information source for decision makers and provide a reference for air transport to seek sustainable development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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17 pages, 991 KiB  
Article
Reliability Analysis and Optimization of Cold Chain Distribution System for Fresh Agricultural Products
by Jinghan Zhang, Wujun Cao and Minyoung Park
Sustainability 2019, 11(13), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133618 - 1 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4562
Abstract
In recent years, with the Chinese government’s emphasis on the development of the cold chain logistics market for fresh agricultural products, the rapid development of agricultural cold chain logistics has been promoted in many aspects. However, in the circulation of fresh agricultural products, [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the Chinese government’s emphasis on the development of the cold chain logistics market for fresh agricultural products, the rapid development of agricultural cold chain logistics has been promoted in many aspects. However, in the circulation of fresh agricultural products, there is still a serious problem of “broken chain” leading to a high corrosion rate. Therefore, this research has analyzed the uncertain factors affecting the cold chain distribution system based on fault tree model, and then transform it into Bayesian network to evaluate the reliability of the cold chain distribution system for fresh agricultural product, and identify the key factors affecting the reliability of the cold chain distribution system through calculated probability importance of each node. Then we have constructed nonlinear equations with the limit of the cost, based on reliability allocation method to improve the system reliability. Numerical examples are given to validate the proposed models. The optimization result shows that higher reliability value assigned to the factors with high probability importance is more conducive to the improvement of system reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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15 pages, 2998 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Posted Speed Limit on the Dispersion of Traffic Flow Speed
by Chao Gao, Jinliang Xu, Qunshan Li and Jie Yang
Sustainability 2019, 11(13), 3594; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133594 - 29 Jun 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3838
Abstract
Speed dispersion is an important indicator to portray the quality of traffic flow and is closely related to the road safety operation level. In order to clarify the influence of posted speed limits on the dispersion of traffic flow speed, three sections with [...] Read more.
Speed dispersion is an important indicator to portray the quality of traffic flow and is closely related to the road safety operation level. In order to clarify the influence of posted speed limits on the dispersion of traffic flow speed, three sections with speed limits of 80 km/h, 100 km/h and 120 km/h on the same expressway were selected for observation, and traffic volume, speed and other parameters were collected. The characteristic speeds, such as average speed, V15 and V85, were evaluation indicators, where V15 and V85 are the speeds of the 15th and 85th percentiles measured at the feature points of the road when the traffic is in a free-flow state and the weather is good. The relationship between different posted speed limit values and the above indicators was analyzed using the statistical analysis software, SPSS. The results show that the speed limit has a high correlation with the average speed of traffic flow, V15 and V85 in free-flow state, with the coefficient of determination being as high as 0.84, 0.85 and 0.92, respectively. In the restricted flow state, the factors affecting the driver’s driving speed are mainly the decrease in driving freedom caused by the increase of traffic volume rather than the speed limit value. In a free-flow state, when the posted speed limit is increased and the average speed and the V85 also increased by approximately the same magnitude. The posted speed limit values of 80 km/h, 100 km/h and 120 km/h correspond to the 90, 88 and 97 percentile speeds of the traffic flow, respectively. The higher the speed limit is, the larger the speed difference between V15 and V85 becomes. The results of the study are very useful for rationally determining the speed limit scheme under different traffic flows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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21 pages, 3279 KiB  
Article
Competition and Sustainability Development of a Multi-Airport Region: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
by Wang Liao, Xiaoshu Cao and Shengchao Li
Sustainability 2019, 11(10), 2958; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102958 - 24 May 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4961
Abstract
A new era in the development of multi-airport regions (MARs) has been in China, especially in the construction of global urban areas such as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). In order to better understand competition and provide significant advice to support [...] Read more.
A new era in the development of multi-airport regions (MARs) has been in China, especially in the construction of global urban areas such as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). In order to better understand competition and provide significant advice to support sustainable development of Chinese MARs, this paper takes the GBA-MAR as an example, and then explores the competition between airports in this multi-airport region based on route level and its impact on passenger airport choice using three liner models. According to our findings, competition is concentrated on a few air routes in the Northeast–East Coastal region and the Asia-Pacific region, in which all three airports operate. Although the domestic market of the GBA-MAR has been relatively mature, the international air transport market is still left with considerable room, which is also reflected in connections to the world’s cities and tourist destinations. In addition, the research also found that different airport brands created by route type significantly affected passenger airport choice. Overall, the study revealed that whether from a supply or demand aspect, competition between airports in a multi-airport region—not just airline competition in a single airport—is an important topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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16 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
An Effects Analysis of Logistics Collaboration: The Case of Pharmaceutical Supplies in Seoul
by Wooseok Do, Hyeongjun Park, Koohong Chung and Dongjoo Park
Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2442; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082442 - 25 Apr 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3504
Abstract
This paper estimates the environmental, social and financial effects of logistics collaboration of the existing logistics companies in Seoul, Korea. The truck routing models for collaborative and non-collaborative deliveries are proposed to estimate the collaboration effects. Findings show that both major and minor [...] Read more.
This paper estimates the environmental, social and financial effects of logistics collaboration of the existing logistics companies in Seoul, Korea. The truck routing models for collaborative and non-collaborative deliveries are proposed to estimate the collaboration effects. Findings show that both major and minor companies can benefit from logistics collaboration by saving delivery costs and time through economies of scale. The results from the study further indicate that logistics collaboration can mitigate negative environmental impacts resulting from urban logistics by reducing the number of delivery trucks, and shortening delivery times and travel distances. Discussion of related challenges that must be addressed during the implementation of logistic collaboration is included as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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19 pages, 6474 KiB  
Article
A Courier Service with Electric Bicycles in an Urban Area: The Case in Seoul
by Keyju Lee, Junjae Chae and Jinwoo Kim
Sustainability 2019, 11(5), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051255 - 27 Feb 2019
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 6529
Abstract
Various factors must be considered when running a courier service in an urban area, because the infrastructure of a city differs from those in suburban or countryside areas. Of note, population density is higher, and vehicles encounter greater restrictions. Moreover, air pollution from [...] Read more.
Various factors must be considered when running a courier service in an urban area, because the infrastructure of a city differs from those in suburban or countryside areas. Of note, population density is higher, and vehicles encounter greater restrictions. Moreover, air pollution from fossil fuel combustion is more severe. As tailpipe emissions are becoming costly to both corporations and the environment, researchers are increasingly exploring more appealing transportation options. Electric bicycles have become an important mode of transportation in some countries in the past decade. Electric bicycles and automobiles have their respective merits and demerits when used to provide courier services. E-bikes in particular can ply their trade in densely packed areas that are off-limits to cars and trucks. This paper focuses on (1) developing a truck–bike mixture model to reduce operating costs for an existing truck-only service by replacing some of the trucks with bicycles, and (2) exploring the resulting effects in terms of reducing overall carbon emissions. Data from one of the major courier companies in South Korea were utilized. The problem was tackled as a heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem using simulated annealing because the actual size of the problem cannot be solved directly with a mathematical approach. The most effective fleet mix was found for the company’s case. Effects on operating costs and reduced emissions were analyzed for 15 different scenarios with varying demands and off-limits areas. Computational results revealed that the new model is viable from economic and sustainability standpoints. They indicated that costs decrease to varying degrees in all scenarios, and that carbon emissions also decrease by around 10% regardless of the selected scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Logistics)
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