Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Immobilization of Enzymes/Biocatalysts
2.1. Alkaline Phosphatase
2.2. β-Glucosidase
2.3. Glucose Oxidase
2.4. Lipase
2.5. Urease
2.6. Uricase
2.7. Horseradish Peroxidase
2.8. Catalase
2.9. Xanthine Oxidase
2.10. Tyrosinase
2.11. Acetylcholinesterase
2.12. Neutral Protease
2.13. α-Chymotrypsin
2.14. Amylase
2.15. Organophosphorus Hydrolase/Aryldialkylphosphatase
2.16. β-Galactosidase
2.17. Carbonic Anhydrase
2.18. Laccase
2.19. Zymolyase
2.20. L-Asparaginase
2.21. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
2.22. Thymidine Kinase
3. Immobilization of Non-Enzymatic Catalysts
3.1. Gold (Au)
3.2. Palladium (Pd)
3.3. Iron (Fe)
3.4. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
3.5. Platinum (Pt)
3.6. Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
3.7. Cupric Oxide (CuO) and Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) Nanoparticles
3.8. Trimanganese Tetraoxide (Mn3O4) and Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) Nanoparticles
4. Summary and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Section | Immobilized Enzymes/Biocatalysts | Forms | Methods | Explored Applications | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.1 | alkaline phosphatase | woven silk | absorption and covalent bond through acid methylation, glutaraldehyde and azide/diazo-coupling | [7,8,16] | |
aspartate aminotransferasea | |||||
ribonuclease Aa | [16] | ||||
renneta | |||||
glycyl-tRNA-synthetasea | |||||
fibers | covalent bond through diazo and cyanogen bromide coupling | [17,18] | |||
scaffolds | entrappment | calcium phosphate mineralization | [19] | ||
2.2 | β-glucosidase | membranes | entrappment | [20] | |
eri silk fibrion microparticles | adsorption | cellobiose hydrolysis | [21] | ||
naringinase (a bienzyme system of𝛼-l-rhamnosidaseandflavonoid-𝛽-glucosidase)a | nanoparticles | glutaraldehyde | juice debittering | [22] | |
2.3 | glucose oxidase | membranes | entrapment and glutraldehyde | [23] | |
membranes | entrapment | glucose sensor | [24,25,26] | ||
nonwoven fabrics | glucose sensor | [27] | |||
gels | [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38] | ||||
invertasea | powders | [33] | |||
membranes from waste silk | glucose sensor | [39,40] | |||
membranes of regenerated silk fibroin and poly(vinyl alcohol) | entrappment | glucose sensor | [41,42,43] | ||
films | glucose sensor | [44] | |||
untreated films | glucose sensor | [9,45] | |||
composite films of carbon nanotubes and silk fibroin | glucose/O2 biofuel cell | [46] | |||
films on graphene | glucose sensor | [47] | |||
microneedles | glucose sensor | [48] | |||
2.4 | lipase | membranes | entrappment | [49] | |
untreated films | [9,45] | ||||
woven fabrics | olive oil hydrolysis and dodecanoic acid esterification | [50] | |||
gelled silk fibroin-calcium alginate spheres | transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol for biodiesel | [51,52] | |||
spheres | enzymatic kinetic resolution of halohydrins | [53] | |||
fibers | glutaraldehyde | sunflower oil hydrolysis for fatty acids | [54] | ||
cholesterol oxidasea | woven mats | N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide ligand chemistry | [55] | ||
2.5 | urease | membranes from silk larvae | entrappment | urea electrode | [56] |
membranes | urea removal for wearable artificial kidney | [57] | |||
2.6 | uricase | membranes | urate sensor | [58] | |
2.7 | horseradish peroxidase | membranes from silk larvae | H2O2 sensor | [59] | |
membranes from waste silk | H2O2 sensor | [60,61,62,63,64,65] | |||
dehydrogenasesa | [65] | ||||
glucose oxidasea | |||||
cholesterol oxidasea | |||||
membranes of regenerated silk fibroin and poly(vinyl alcohol) | H2O2 sensor | [66,67,68,69] | |||
a bienzyme system ofhorseradish peroxidaseandlactate oxidasea | lactate sensor | [70] | |||
scaffolds/sponges | carbodiimide chemistry | [71] | |||
solutions | [9,45] | ||||
films | entrapment | [72,73] | |||
lysozymea | |||||
microspheres | encapsulation | [74] | |||
inkjet printing | [75] | ||||
optical gratings | entrapment | [76,77] | |||
Au nanoparticles-silk fibroin | H2O2 sensor | [78] | |||
Fe3O4 nanoparticles-silk fibroin | glutaraldehyde | electroenzymatic oxidation of bisphenol-A | [79] | ||
2.8 | catalase | films on graphite | reduction of H2O2 and NO | [80] | |
membranes | adsorption and covalent cross-linking | [81] | |||
inkjet printing | bubble-propulsive self-motile micro-rockets | [82] | |||
2.9 | xanthine oxidase | membranes | electrode for estimating fish freshness | [83] | |
2.10 | tyrosinase | fibrous matrix | glutaraldehyde | large-scale production of L-DOPA | [84] |
composite films of carbon nanotubes-cobalt phthalocyanine-silk fibroin | bisphenol A sensor | [85] | |||
graphene-silk peptide nanosheets | [86] | ||||
2.11 | acetylcholinesterase | Au nanoparticles-silk fibroin | pesticide sensor | [87] | |
silk fibroin-carbon nanotubes | adsorption | [88] | |||
2.12 | neutral protease | nanoparticles | glutaraldehyde | hydrolyze sericin | [89] |
L-asparaginasea | |||||
β-glucosidasea | |||||
2.13 | α-chymotrypsin | electrospun fibers | glutaraldehyde | [90,91,92] | |
2.14 | amylase | woven fabric | glutaraldehyde | food and pharmaceutical industrial applications | [93] |
2.15 | organophosphorus hydrolase | gels | entrapment | organophosphate insecticides | [94] |
2.16 | β-galactosidase | polyacrylonitrile grafted fibers | glyoxal | [95] | |
2.17 | carbonic anhydrase | silk fibroin-coated hydroxyapatite micro-particles | ultrasonically bonded entrapment | [96] | |
hydrogels | dual-cross-linking | CO2 sequestration | [97] | ||
hydrogels | Ru(II)-mediated photo-chemical cross-linking | [98] | |||
lysozymea | |||||
xylanasea | |||||
2.18 | laccase | hydrogels | Ru(II)-mediated photo-chemical cross-linking | polymerization of pyrrole | [99] |
grafting of lignin | [100] | ||||
2.19 | zymolyase | Fe3O4-embedded silk fibroin microspheres | Ru(II)-mediated photo-chemical cross-linking | disruption of yeast cells | [101] |
2.20 | L-asparaginase | powders | glutaraldehyde | anti-leukemia | [102,103,104,105] |
𝛽-glucosidasea | [104] | ||||
2.21 | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase | microparticles | encapsulation | oral enzyme therapy of phenylketonuria | [106] |
2.22 | thymidine kinase | recombinant silk-elastin-like protein polymers | viral gene delivery in anticancer treatment | [107,108] |
Section | Immobilized Non-Enzymatic Catalysts | Explored Applications | References |
---|---|---|---|
3.1 | core–shell nanostructured gold (Au) colloid–silk fibroin bioconjugate | [109] | |
Au nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide | oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) | [110] | |
hybrid wool keratin/Au nanoparticles | sensors for copper ions and dopamine | [111] | |
Au nanozyme/bovine serum albumin | H2O2 sensor | [112] | |
millimeter-large Au single crystals | [113] | ||
3.2 | palladium (Pd) | chemoselective hydrogenation | [114,115,116] |
3.3 | iron (Fe) | phenol hydroxylation | [117] |
hematite (α-Fe2O3) | H2O oxidation | [118,119] | |
ferriferous oxide (Fe3O4) | H2O2 sensor | [120] | |
3.4 | titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2@Ag nanoparticles | photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange | [121] |
TiO2 and Ni-P metallization layer | [122] | ||
3.5 | platinum (Pt) nanoparticles | conversion of 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol | [123] |
Pt microspheres on multi-walled carbon nanotubes | H2O2 sensor | [124] | |
3.6 | zinc oxide (ZnO) | photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B | [125] |
Au nanoparticles and ZnO nanotubes | H2O2 sensor | [126] | |
ZnO/Au layered structure | solar energy harvesting | [127] | |
3.7 | cupric oxide (CuO) | photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red | [128] |
cuprous oxide (Cu2O) embedded in carbon spheres | glucose sensor | [129] | |
3.8 | trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) | [130] | |
manganese dioxide (MnO2) | H2O2 sensor | [131,132,133,134,135] |
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Lv, S. Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization. Molecules 2020, 25, 4929. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214929
Lv S. Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization. Molecules. 2020; 25(21):4929. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214929
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Shanshan. 2020. "Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization" Molecules 25, no. 21: 4929. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214929