Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics—A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tear Fluid Analytics
3. Glaucomatous Changes and Their Reflection on the Tear Fluid Proteomics
4. Tear Fluid Proteomics in the Evaluation of Therapeutic Outcomes in Glaucoma
4.1. Topical Medication
4.2. Glaucoma Surgery
5. New Approaches and the Future Directions of Tear Proteomics in Glaucoma Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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UniProt ID | Name | Symbol | Treatment-Naïve | Treated |
---|---|---|---|---|
P60709 | Actin beta | ACTB | ↑POAG [37] | |
P63261 | Actin gamma 1 | ACTG1 | ↑POAG [37] | |
P02768 | Albumin | ALB | ↑POAG [37] | |
P04083 | Annexin A1 | ANXA1 | ↓POAG [43] | |
P25311 | Alpha-2-glycoprotein, zinc-binding | AZGP1 | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
P61769 | Beta-2-microglobulin | B2M | ↑POAG [37] | |
P23560 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | BDNF | ↓NTG [44] | |
P37279 | Cellular communication network factor 2 | CCN2 | ↑PXG [45]; ↓PXF [45] | |
P26441 | Ciliary neurotrophic factor | CNTF | ↓POAG [46] | |
P20849 | Collagen type IX alpha 1 chain | COL9A1 | ↑PXF [39] | |
P01037 | Cystatin SN | CST1 | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] | |
P09228 | Cystatin SA | CST2 | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] | |
P01036 | Cystatin S | CST4 | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
P02751 | Fibronectin 1 | FN1 | ↓PXG [40] | |
P04792 | Heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 | HSPB1 | ↑POAG [37] | |
P01876 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 | IGHA1 | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
P01877 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2 | IGHA2 | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43] |
P01857 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 | IGHG1 | ↑POAG [43] | |
P01859 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 | IGHG2 | ↑POAG [43] | |
P01861 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 | IGHG4 | ↑POAG [43] | |
P01591 | Joining chain of multimeric IgA and IgM | JCHAIN | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43] |
P01834 | Immunoglobulin kappa constant | IGKC | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43] |
P37459 | Interleukin12A | IL12A | ↓POAG [41] | |
P05231 | Interleukin 6 | IL6 | ↑POAG [47,48,49] * | |
P04264 | Keratin 1 | KRT1 | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] | |
Q9GZZ8 | Lacritin | LACRT | ↓PXG [43] | |
P31025 | Lipocalin 1 | LCN1 | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
P02788 | Lactotransferrin | LTF | ↑POAG [37] | |
P61626 | Lysozyme | LYZ | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
P03956 | Matrix metallopeptidase 1 | MMP1 | ↑PXG [40]; ↑PXF [40] | |
P08253 | Matrix metallopeptidase 2 | MMP2 | ↑POAG [42] | |
P14780 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 | MMP9 | ↑POAG [42]; ↑PACG [42]; ↑PXF [40,42] | ↑POAG [50] |
P01840 | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | PIGR | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43] |
P12273 | Prolactin induced protein | PIP | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
A5A3E0 | POTE ankyrin domain family member F | POTEE/POTEF | ↑POAG [37] | |
Q6S8J3 | POTE ankyrin domain family member E | POTEE/POTEF | ↑POAG [37] | |
P0CG38 | POTE ankyrin domain family member I | POTEI | ↑POAG [37] | |
P0CG39 | POTE ankyrin domain family member J | POTEJ | ↑POAG [37] | |
Q06830 | Peroxiredoxin 1 | PRDX1 | ↑POAG [37] | |
Q99935 | Opiorphin prepropeptide | OPRPN | ↑POAG [37] | ↓PXG [43] |
Q16378 | Proline rich 4 | PRR4 | ↑POAG [37] | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] |
P26447 | S100 calcium-binding protein A4 | S100A4 | ↑PXG [43] | |
O75556 | Secretoglobin family 2A member 1 | SCGB2A1 | ↓POAG [43]; ↓PXG [43] | |
P02787 | Transferrin | TF | ↑POAG [37] | ↑PXG [43] |
P01137 | Transforming growth factor beta 1 | TGFB1 | ↑PXG [40]; ↑PXF [40] | |
Q96DA0 | Zymogen granule protein 16B | ZG16B | ↑POAG [37] | ↓PXG [43] |
UniProt ID | Name | Symbol | Tear Protein Changes for Glaucoma Patients Using… | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unspecified Topical Glaucoma Medication | Topical Glaucoma Medication with Prostaglandin Analogs | Topical Glaucoma Medication with Preservatives | |||
P04083 | Annexin A1 | ANXA1 | ↓[43] | ||
P25311 | Alpha-2-glycoprotein, zinc-binding | AZGP1 | ↓[43] | ||
P13500 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 | CCL2 | ↑[76] | ||
P10147 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 | CCL3 | ↓[77] | ||
P01037 | Cystatin SN | CST1 | ↓[43] | ||
P09228 | Cystatin SA | CST2 | ↓[43] | ||
P01036 | Cystatin S | CST4 | ↓[43] | ||
P09038 | Fibroblast growth factor 2 | FGF2 | ↑[77] | ↑[81] | |
P09919 | Colony stimulating factor 3 | CSF3 | ↑[76] | ||
P01876 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 | IGHA1 | ↓[43] | ||
P01877 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2 | IGHA2 | ↓[43] | ||
P01857 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 | IGHG1 | ↑[43] | ||
P01859 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 | IGHG2 | ↑[43] | ||
P01861 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 | IGHG4 | ↑[43] | ||
P01834 | Immunoglobulin kappa constant | IGKC | ↓[43] | ||
P01591 | Joining chain of multimeric IgA and IgM | JCHAIN | ↓[43] | ||
P01579 | Interferon gamma | IFNG | ↑[76] | ||
P01584 | Interleukin 1 beta | IL1B | ↑[78] | ↑[76,82] * | |
P60568 | Interleukin 2 | IL2 | ↑[76,81] | ||
P05112 | Interleukin 4 | IL4 | ↑[77] | ↑[76] | |
P05113 | Interleukin 5 | IL5 | ↑[76,81] | ||
P05231 | Interleukin 6 | IL6 | ↑[78] | ↑[76] | |
P13232 | Interleukin 7 | IL7 | ↑[76] | ||
P10145 | Interleukin 8 | IL8 | ↑[76] | ||
P22301 | Interleukin 10 | IL10 | ↑[76,81] | ||
P29459 | Interleukin 12A | IL12A | ↑[77] | ↑[76,81] | |
P35225 | Interleukin 13 | IL13 | ↑[76,81] | ||
P40933 | Interleukin 15 | IL15 | ↑[77] | ↑[81] | |
Q16552 | Interleukin 17A | IL17A | ↑[76,81] | ||
P04264 | Keratin 1 | KRT1 | ↓[43] | ||
Q9GZZ8 | Lacritin | LACRT | ↓[43] | ||
P31025 | Lipocalin 1 | LCN1 | ↓[43] | ||
P02788 | Lactotransferrin | LTF | ↓[43] | ||
P61626 | Lysozyme | LYZ | ↓[43] | ||
P03956 | Matrix metallopeptidase 1 | MMP1 | ↑[78] | ||
P08254 | Matrix metallopeptidase 3 | MMP3 | ↑[78] | ||
P14780 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 | MMP9 | ↑[78,79] | ↑[79] | |
Q99935 | Opiorphin prepropeptide | OPRPN | ↓[43] | ||
P01127 | Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B | PDGFB | ↑[81] | ||
P01833 | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | PIGR | ↓[43] | ||
P12273 | Prolactin induced protein | PIP | ↓[43] | ||
Q16378 | Proline rich 4 | PRR4 | ↓[80] | ↓[43] | |
P26447 | S100 calcium-binding protein A4 | S100A4 | ↑[43] | ||
P05109 | S100 calcium-binding protein A8 | S100A8 | ↑[80] | ||
P06702 | S100 calcium-binding protein A9 | S100A9 | ↑[80] | ||
O75556 | Secretoglobin family 2A member 1 | SCGB2A1 | ↑[80] | ↓[43] | |
P02787 | Transferrin | TF | ↑[43] | ||
P01033 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 | TIMP1 | ↓[78] | ||
P16035 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 | TIMP2 | ↓[78] | ||
P01375 | Tumor necrosis factor | TNF | ↑[76,81] | ||
P15692 | Vascular endothelial growth factor A | VEGFA | ↑[77] | ||
P63104 | Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta | YWHAZ | ↑[80] | ||
Q96DA0 | Zymogen granule protein 16B | ZG16B | ↓[43] |
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Nättinen, J.; Aapola, U.; Nukareddy, P.; Uusitalo, H. Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics—A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 8136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158136
Nättinen J, Aapola U, Nukareddy P, Uusitalo H. Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics—A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15):8136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158136
Chicago/Turabian StyleNättinen, Janika, Ulla Aapola, Praveena Nukareddy, and Hannu Uusitalo. 2022. "Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics—A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15: 8136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158136