Tracking of Ubiquitin Signaling through 3.5 Billion Years of Combinatorial Conjugation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fifty Shades of Ubiquitin
2.1. Ubiquitin and Ubls of Multicellular Eukaryotes
2.2. Yeast Ubls
2.3. Ubiquitin and Ubls in Protozoa
2.4. Archean and Bacterial Ubls
2.5. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Proteins: Different but Similar
3. Ubiquitin Conjugation Machinery: Billions of Years of Improvement
3.1. E1 Activating Enzyme: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
3.2. Eukaryotic E1
3.3. Prokaryotic E1 Analogues
3.4. Evolutional Profiling of E1 Activating Enzyme
3.5. Who Is Next? The E2 Conjugating Enzyme Superfamily
3.6. Evolutional Profiling of E2 Conjugating Enzymes
3.7. The Army of Conjugators: E3 Ligases
3.8. Prokaryotic E3 Analogues
3.9. Evolutional Profiling of E3 Ligases
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kaminskaya, A.N.; Evpak, A.S.; Belogurov, A.A., Jr.; Kudriaeva, A.A. Tracking of Ubiquitin Signaling through 3.5 Billion Years of Combinatorial Conjugation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168671
Kaminskaya AN, Evpak AS, Belogurov AA Jr., Kudriaeva AA. Tracking of Ubiquitin Signaling through 3.5 Billion Years of Combinatorial Conjugation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168671
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaminskaya, Alena N., Alena S. Evpak, Alexey A. Belogurov, Jr., and Anna A. Kudriaeva. 2024. "Tracking of Ubiquitin Signaling through 3.5 Billion Years of Combinatorial Conjugation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168671