Differential Expression of PACAP/VIP Receptors in the Post-Mortem CNS White Matter of Multiple Sclerosis Donors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PACAP and VIP Gene Expression in the Normal-Appearing White Matter of Multiple Sclerosis Cases Reveals Subtype-Specific Changes
2.2. Differential Gene Expression Levels of the PACAP/VIP Receptors in the NAWM of MS Patients
2.3. Differential Expression and Distribution of PAC1 Receptors in the NAWM and Lesions of MS Donors
2.4. Differential Expression and Distribution of VPAC1 Receptors in the NAWM and Lesions of MS Donors
2.5. Differential Expression and Distribution of VPAC2 Receptors in the NAWM and Lesions of MS Donors
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Human Postmortem Brain Tissue
4.2. Normal-Appearing White Matter Dissection and RNA Extraction
4.3. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
4.4. Immunohistochemistry
4.5. Immunofluorescence
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Age (Years) | Place of Birth | Sex | PMI (Hours) | MS Duration (Years) | Lesion Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 79 | Australia | Female | 59 | N/A | N/A |
Control | 82 | England | Female | 25 | N/A | N/A |
Control | 83 | Australia | Male | 27 | N/A | N/A |
Control | 73 | Australia | Male | 22 | N/A | N/A |
Control | 73 | Australia | Female | 26.5 | N/A | N/A |
RRMS | 70 | Australia | Male | 21 | 43 | Chronic active |
RRMS | 80 | Australia | Male | 14 | 21.3 | Chronic active |
RRMS | 40 | Australia | Male | 5 | 8 | Chronic active |
RRMS | 72 | Australia | Female | 31 | 20 | Chronic active |
RRMS | 79 | New Zealand | Female | 24 | 29.5 | Chronic active |
RRMS | 82 | Australia | Female | 19 | 33.1 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
SPMS | 57 | Australia | Female | 26.8 | 17.9 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
SPMS | 68 | Australia | Female | 15 | 33.5 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
SPMS | 69 | New Zealand | Female | 8.5 | 38 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
SPMS | 84 | Australia | Female | 15 | 42 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
SPMS | 47 | Australia | Female | 20.8 | 25.8 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
SPMS | 55 | Australia | Male | 7 | 40.1 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
PPMS | 36 | Australia | Female | 24 | 13 | Chronic active |
PPMS | 83 | Australia | Female | 16 | 16 | Chronic active |
PPMS | 73 | Australia | Male | 25 | 15.6 | Chronic active—moderate regeneration |
PPMS | 73 | England | Male | 24 | 41 | Chronic active—minimal regeneration |
Accession Number | Gene | Primer Sequences (5′-3′) | Product Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
NM_001099733.2 | Pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP; ADCYAP1) | TAACGAGGCCTACCGCAAAG GTGAAGATCCCGTCCGAGTG | 150 |
NM_003381.4 | Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | AATAAGGCCCAGCTCCTTGTG TGTCACCCAACCTGAGAGCA | 106 |
NM_001199635.2 | Pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating peptide receptor 1 (PAC1; ADCYAP1R1) | TTGGCATTATCGTCATCCTTGT AATGGTGGACAGTTCTGACATC | 152 |
NM_004624.4 | Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VPAC1; VIPR1) | TAAGCCTGAAGTGAAGATGGTC CATTGAGGAAGCAGTAGAGGAT | 86 |
NM_003382.5 | Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VPAC2; VIPR2) | CTCGCCCCCGTGAACAG GCACGTGATGTTGTCCCAGA | 141 |
NM_022551.3 | Ribosomal protein S18 (RPS18) | GAGGATGAGGTGGAACGTGT GGACCTGGCTGTATTTTCCA | 115 |
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Jansen, M.I.; Musumeci, G.; Castorina, A. Differential Expression of PACAP/VIP Receptors in the Post-Mortem CNS White Matter of Multiple Sclerosis Donors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168850
Jansen MI, Musumeci G, Castorina A. Differential Expression of PACAP/VIP Receptors in the Post-Mortem CNS White Matter of Multiple Sclerosis Donors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168850
Chicago/Turabian StyleJansen, Margo Iris, Giuseppe Musumeci, and Alessandro Castorina. 2024. "Differential Expression of PACAP/VIP Receptors in the Post-Mortem CNS White Matter of Multiple Sclerosis Donors" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168850