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Article

Interleukin-6 in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Comparison with Myeloperoxidase and TNF-Alpha

by
Anna Borowiec
1,*,
Patrycja Ozdowska
2,
Magdalena Rosinska
3,
Agnieszka Maria Zebrowska
4,
Sławomir Jasek
2,
Beata Kotowicz
5,
Agata Makowka
5,
Joanna Waniewska
6,
Hanna Kosela-Paterczyk
7,
Elzbieta Lampka
8,
Katarzyna Pogoda
9,
Zbigniew Nowecki
9 and
Jan Walewski
8
1
Non-Commercial Clinical Research Outpatient Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Cancer & Cardio-Oncology Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
3
Digital Medicine Center, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
4
Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
5
Cancer Biomarker and Cytokines Laboratory Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
6
Department of Radiology I, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
7
Department of Soft Tissue, Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
8
Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
9
Department of Brest Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4071; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094071
Submission received: 17 March 2025 / Revised: 16 April 2025 / Accepted: 23 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Failure Risk Factors and Therapies-Molecular Basis)
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Abstract

Interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha are proinflammatory cytokines that play a role both in cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical value of interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha as potential biomarkers of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in patients receiving anthracycline treatment. A total of 80 patients were included, with 77 (96.25%) followed for an average for 11.5 months. The mean age at baseline was 60.5 years, and 72 (93.51%) were women. Clinical risk factors were documented for all patients, and laboratory assessments, including measurements of IL-6, MPO, and TNF-α, were conducted. All participants also underwent echocardiography with assessment of global longitudinal strain (GLS). In the study group, coronary CT angiography with coronary artery calcium (CAC) score calculation was performed once at the beginning of the study. During observation, any degree of CTRCD was diagnosed in 48 (62.4%) patients. Mild CTRCD occurred in 38 (49.4%) patients, moderate CTRCD was diagnosed in 7 (9.1%), and severe in 3 (3.9%). In patients with high baseline risk, IL-6 levels were significantly elevated compared to those with moderate risk (p = 0.018). Higher levels of IL-6 were found to correlate with an increased grade of CTRCD. In a multivariate repeated measures model of the biomarkers studied, only a higher level of IL-6 was significantly associated with the diagnosis of CTRCD. Among the novel biomarkers studied, we found evidence for IL-6 for its potential use in the detection of cardiac dysfunction related to cancer therapy in patients treated with anthracyclines.
Keywords: myeloperoxidase; Interleukin-6; TNF-alpha; cardiotoxicity; atherosclerosis; computed tomography; anthracycline; computed tomographic angiography; coronary artery calcium score; cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity myeloperoxidase; Interleukin-6; TNF-alpha; cardiotoxicity; atherosclerosis; computed tomography; anthracycline; computed tomographic angiography; coronary artery calcium score; cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Borowiec, A.; Ozdowska, P.; Rosinska, M.; Zebrowska, A.M.; Jasek, S.; Kotowicz, B.; Makowka, A.; Waniewska, J.; Kosela-Paterczyk, H.; Lampka, E.; et al. Interleukin-6 in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Comparison with Myeloperoxidase and TNF-Alpha. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094071

AMA Style

Borowiec A, Ozdowska P, Rosinska M, Zebrowska AM, Jasek S, Kotowicz B, Makowka A, Waniewska J, Kosela-Paterczyk H, Lampka E, et al. Interleukin-6 in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Comparison with Myeloperoxidase and TNF-Alpha. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(9):4071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094071

Chicago/Turabian Style

Borowiec, Anna, Patrycja Ozdowska, Magdalena Rosinska, Agnieszka Maria Zebrowska, Sławomir Jasek, Beata Kotowicz, Agata Makowka, Joanna Waniewska, Hanna Kosela-Paterczyk, Elzbieta Lampka, and et al. 2025. "Interleukin-6 in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Comparison with Myeloperoxidase and TNF-Alpha" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9: 4071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094071

APA Style

Borowiec, A., Ozdowska, P., Rosinska, M., Zebrowska, A. M., Jasek, S., Kotowicz, B., Makowka, A., Waniewska, J., Kosela-Paterczyk, H., Lampka, E., Pogoda, K., Nowecki, Z., & Walewski, J. (2025). Interleukin-6 in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Comparison with Myeloperoxidase and TNF-Alpha. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(9), 4071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094071

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