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Volume 26
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10.3390/ijms26094114
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Article

Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of BCL9 and TPX2 in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Survival

by
Michał Kasperczak
1,2,*,
Iga Kołodziejczak-Guglas
2,
Filip Kasperczak
1,
Maciej Wiznerowicz
1,2,3 and
Andrzej Antczak
1,2
1
Department of Urology, J. Struś Hospital in Poznań, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
2
International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60-203 Poznan, Poland
3
University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4114; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094114 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 March 2025 / Revised: 20 April 2025 / Accepted: 22 April 2025 / Published: 26 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers in Cancers: Advances and Challenges, 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a kidney cancer associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Identifying new prognostic markers is crucial. This study investigates the potential of BCL9 and TPX2, two proteins involved in cancer progression, to predict patient outcomes This study analyzed protein abundance data from the CPTAC cohort (110 ccRCC and 84 NAT samples) using LC-MS/MS. BCL9 and TPX2 were validated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort (52 ccRCC samples). Patients were stratified into high- and low-expression groups based on IHC scores. Survival analyses were conducted, and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was performed. BCL9 and TPX2 were significantly upregulated in ccRCC compared to NAT. In the validation cohort, high BCL9 levels were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) but not OS, while high TPX2 levels correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) but not PFS. Pathway analysis linked BCL9 to Wnt signaling and TPX2 to cell cycle regulation. Elevated BCL9 and TPX2 are associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. These proteins are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Keywords: clear-cell renal cell carcinoma; biomarkers; prognosis; BCL9; TPX2 clear-cell renal cell carcinoma; biomarkers; prognosis; BCL9; TPX2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kasperczak, M.; Kołodziejczak-Guglas, I.; Kasperczak, F.; Wiznerowicz, M.; Antczak, A. Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of BCL9 and TPX2 in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Survival. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094114

AMA Style

Kasperczak M, Kołodziejczak-Guglas I, Kasperczak F, Wiznerowicz M, Antczak A. Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of BCL9 and TPX2 in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Survival. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(9):4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094114

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kasperczak, Michał, Iga Kołodziejczak-Guglas, Filip Kasperczak, Maciej Wiznerowicz, and Andrzej Antczak. 2025. "Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of BCL9 and TPX2 in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Survival" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9: 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094114

APA Style

Kasperczak, M., Kołodziejczak-Guglas, I., Kasperczak, F., Wiznerowicz, M., & Antczak, A. (2025). Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of BCL9 and TPX2 in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Survival. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(9), 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094114

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