Insight into Trophic Interactions of Spiders in Olive Groves with Integrated and Ecological Pest Management Using DNA Metabarcoding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Collection and Identification of Collected Samples
2.2. Isolation and Amplification of eDNA from Spiders’ Gut, Library Preparation and Next-Generation Sequencing
2.3. Bioinformatic Data Processing
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Spiders’ Dietary Data and Consumption of Different Prey Orders
3.2. Consumption of Invertebrates as an Indicator of Spiders’ Biocontrol Potential
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Predator | Pest Management | Season | Hunting Strategies | Prey Order | Prey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763) | Integrated | Spring | Web weavers | Coleoptera | Oxytelus (Epomotylus) sculptus Gravenhorst, 1806 |
Agalenatea Archer, 1951 spp | Ecological | Spring | Web weavers | Lepidoptera | Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) |
Prays fraxinella (Bjerkander, 1784) | |||||
Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817) | Ecological | Spring | Ground hunters | Orthoptera | Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) |
Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Isopoda | Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) | |
Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832) | Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Coleoptera | Cantharis (Cantharis) livida Linnaeus, 1758 |
Diptera | Sarcophaga (Myorhina) nigriventris Meigen, 1826 | ||||
Bradysia brevispina Tuomikoski, 1960 | |||||
Hymenoptera | Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931 | ||||
Lepidoptera | Cadra figulilella (Gregson, 1871) | ||||
Neuroptera | Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) | ||||
Alopecosa farinosa (Herman, 1879) | Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Hymenoptera | Formica (Serviformica) glauca Ruzsky, 1896 |
Alopecosa Simon, 1885 spp | Ecological | Spring | Ground hunters | Lepidoptera | Eriocottis fuscanella Zeller, 1847 |
Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Diptera | Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) | |
Neuroptera | Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) | ||||
* Araneidae Sundevall, 1833 | Ecological | Spring | Web weavers | Hemiptera | Euscelis Brullé, 1832 sp. |
Arctosa C.L. Koch, 1847 spp | Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Coleoptera | Poecilus (Macropoecilus) sericeus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 |
Diptera | Diptera (OTU1) | ||||
Forcipomyia sp. Meigen, 1818 | |||||
Bassaniodes caperatus (Simon, 1875) | Integrated | Autumn | Ambush hunters | Hymenoptera | Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latreille, 1798) |
Tetramorium semilaeve Andre, 1883 | |||||
Coleoptera | Poecilus sp. Bonelli, 1810 | ||||
* Gnaphosidae Pocock, 1898 | Ecological | Autumn | Ground hunters | Hymenoptera | Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866) | Ecological | Spring | Ground hunters | Orthoptera | Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) |
Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817) | Ecological | Autumn | Ground hunters | Diptera | Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) |
Oscinella sp. Becker, 1910 | |||||
Philosepedon humeralis (Meigen, 1818) | |||||
Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Psocoptera | Ectopsocus McLachlan, 1899 sp. | |
Araneae | Sitticus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | ||||
Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817) | Ecological | Spring | Ground hunters | Blattodea | Loboptera decipiens (Germar, 1817) |
Diptera | * Phoridae Curtis, 1833sp. | ||||
Hymenoptera | Tetramorium semilaeve Andre, 1883 | ||||
Orthoptera | Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) | ||||
Araneae | Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834) | ||||
Agyneta pseudorurestris Wunderlich, 1980 | |||||
Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817) | Integrated | Spring | Ground hunters | Blattodea | Loboptera decipiens (Germar, 1817) |
Diptera | Bradysia brevispina Tuomikoski, 1960 | ||||
Hemiptera | Nysius sp. Dallas, 1852 | ||||
Hymenoptera | Aphaenogaster balcanica (Emery, 1898) | ||||
Orthoptera | Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) | ||||
Araneae | Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 | ||||
Sitticus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | |||||
Tegenaria hasperi Chyzer, 1897 | |||||
* Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 | Ecological | Autumn | Ground hunters | Isopoda | Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) |
Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Blattodea | Loboptera decipiens (Germar, 1817) | |
Hymenoptera | Aphaenogaster balcanica (Emery, 1898) | ||||
Solenopsis Westwood, 1840 spp | |||||
* Formicidae Latreille 1809 sp. | |||||
Lepidoptera | Plutella (Plutella) xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) | ||||
Nomisia exornata (C.L. Koch, 1839) | Ecological | Autumn | Ground hunters | Lepidoptera | Stigmella freyella (Heyden, 1858) |
Oxyopes Latreille, 1804 sp | Ecological | Autumn | Other hunters | Orthoptera | Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) |
Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804) | Ecological | Autumn | Other hunters | Dermaptera | Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 |
Diptera | Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) | ||||
Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) | |||||
Philosepedon humeralis (Meigen, 1818) | |||||
Orthoptera | Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) | ||||
* Oxyopidae Thorell, 1870 | Integrated | Autumn | Other hunters | Hemiptera | * Ninidae Barber, 1956 |
Hymenoptera | Tetramorium semilaeve Andre, 1883 | ||||
Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872) | Integrated | Autumn | Ground hunters | Coleoptera | Harmonia axyridis Pallas, 1773 |
Hymenoptera | Solenopsis sp. Westwood, 1840 | ||||
Lepidoptera | Dryobotodes (Dryobotodes) eremita (Fabricius, 1775) | ||||
* Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 | Integrated | Autumn | Ambush hunters | Diptera | Corynoptera perpusilla Winnertz, 1867 |
Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875 | Ecological | Spring | Other hunters | Diptera | Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) |
Lepidoptera | Eriocottis fuscanella Zeller, 1847 | ||||
Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861) | Integrated | Spring | Ground hunters | Hemiptera | Nysius graminicola (Kolenati, 1845) |
Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 sp. | Ecological | Autumn | Ground hunters | Hymenoptera | * Formicidae Latreille 1809 |
Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 | Integrated | Autumn | Ambush hunters | Diptera | Corynoptera perpusilla Winnertz, 1867 |
Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 | Ecological | Autumn | Ambush hunters | Hymenoptera | Aphaenogaster balcanica (Emery, 1898) |
Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 | Integrated | Spring | Ambush hunters | Dermaptera | * Forficulidae Latreille 1810 |
Xysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875 | Ecological | Spring | Ambush hunters | Hymenoptera | Lasioglossum glabriusculum (Morawitz, 1853) |
Tetramorium semilaeve Andre, 1883 | |||||
Aphaenogaster balcanica (Emery, 1898) |
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Anđelić Dmitrović, B.; Gajski, D.; Kos, T.; Jelić, M.; Šerić Jelaska, L. Insight into Trophic Interactions of Spiders in Olive Groves with Integrated and Ecological Pest Management Using DNA Metabarcoding. Diversity 2023, 15, 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15090976
Anđelić Dmitrović B, Gajski D, Kos T, Jelić M, Šerić Jelaska L. Insight into Trophic Interactions of Spiders in Olive Groves with Integrated and Ecological Pest Management Using DNA Metabarcoding. Diversity. 2023; 15(9):976. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15090976
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnđelić Dmitrović, Barbara, Domagoj Gajski, Tomislav Kos, Mišel Jelić, and Lucija Šerić Jelaska. 2023. "Insight into Trophic Interactions of Spiders in Olive Groves with Integrated and Ecological Pest Management Using DNA Metabarcoding" Diversity 15, no. 9: 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15090976