BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Research Tool
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subtests Skills | Experimental Group | Control Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Test | Post-Test | p | Pre-Test | Post-Test | p | |
Locomotor | 31.54 ± 2.97 | 38.07 ± 2.14 | 0.000 | 31.96 ± 2.85 | 36.67 ± 2.67 | 0.000 |
Run | 4.68 ± 1.25 | 5.86 ± 0.80 | 0.000 | 4.96 ± 0.98 | 5.33 ± 0.83 | 0.001 |
Gallop | 5.39 ± 0.96 | 6.50 ± 0.64 | 0.000 | 5.56 ± 0.75 | 6.00 ± 0.68 | 0.001 |
Hop | 6.64 ± 1.25 | 7.39 ± 1.07 | 0.000 | 6.59 ± 1.05 | 7.41 ± 0.69 | 0.000 |
Leap | 4.07 ± 0.66 | 4.79 ± 0.79 | 0.000 | 3.70 ± 0.78 | 4.85 ± 0.72 | 0.000 |
Jump | 4.96 ± 1.10 | 6.29 ± 0.90 | 0.000 | 4.96 ± 1.06 | 6.15 ± 0.82 | 0.000 |
Slide | 5.79 ± 0.96 | 7.25 ± 0.70 | 0.000 | 6.19 ± 0.68 | 6.93 ± 0.68 | 0.000 |
Object control | 30.21 ± 3.12 | 37.21 ± 2.97 | 0.000 | 30.78 ± 3.08 | 35.70 ± 3.00 | 0.000 |
Strike | 5.57 ± 1.26 | 7.29 ± 1.01 | 0.000 | 5.70 ± 0.87 | 6.56 ± 1.05 | 0.000 |
Dribble | 4.93 ± 1.82 | 5.68 ± 1.44 | 0.001 | 4.93 ± 1.04 | 5.74 ± 0.81 | 0.000 |
Catch | 4.75 ± 1.08 | 5.14 ± 0.89 | 0.005 | 4.48 ± 1.19 | 5.04 ± 0.90 | 0.008 |
Kick | 4.39 ± 1.75 | 6.11 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | 4.96 ± 0.85 | 5.85 ± 0.77 | 0.000 |
Throw | 5.00 ± 0.98 | 5.86 ± 0.97 | 0.000 | 5.11 ± 1.01 | 6.00 ± 0.96 | 0.000 |
Roll | 5.57 ± 1.17 | 7.14 ± 0.89 | 0.000 | 5.59 ± 0.93 | 6.52 ± 0.85 | 0.000 |
Subtests Skills | SS | MS | F | p | ηp2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locomotor | 39.09 | 39.09 | 18.88 | 0.000 | 0.266 |
Run | 6.04 | 6.04 | 17.30 | 0.000 | 0.250 |
Gallop | 4.27 | 4.27 | 12.58 | 0.001 | 0.195 |
Hop | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | ns | 0.001 |
Leap | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.21 | ns | 0.004 |
Jump | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.53 | ns | 0.010 |
Slide | 1.84 | 1.84 | 3.92 | ns | 0.070 |
Object control | 52.93 | 52.93 | 20.74 | 0.000 | 0.285 |
Strike | 8.76 | 8.76 | 11.65 | 0.001 | 0.183 |
Dribble | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.13 | ns | 0.003 |
Catch | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ns | 0.001 |
Kick | 1.87 | 1.87 | 5.57 | 0.022 | 0.097 |
Throw | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.14 | ns | 0.003 |
Roll | 5.49 | 5.49 | 8.80 | 0.005 | 0.145 |
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Pham, V.H.; Wawrzyniak, S.; Cichy, I.; Bronikowski, M.; Rokita, A. BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290
Pham VH, Wawrzyniak S, Cichy I, Bronikowski M, Rokita A. BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290
Chicago/Turabian StylePham, Van Han, Sara Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Cichy, Michał Bronikowski, and Andrzej Rokita. 2021. "BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290