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Article

Evaluation of the Impacts of On-Demand Bus Services Using Traffic Simulation

by
Sohani Liyanage
1,*,
Hussein Dia
1,
Gordon Duncan
2 and
Rusul Abduljabbar
1
1
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
2
Azalient, Edinburgh EH2 4AN, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8477; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198477 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 August 2024 / Revised: 20 September 2024 / Accepted: 24 September 2024 / Published: 29 September 2024

Abstract

This paper uses smart card data from Melbourne’s public transport network to model and evaluate the impacts of a flexible on-demand transport system. On-demand transport is an emerging mode of urban passenger transport that relies on meeting passenger demand for travel using dynamic and flexible scheduling using shared vehicles. Initially, a simulation model was developed to replicate existing fixed-schedule bus performance and was then extended to incorporate on-demand transport services within the same network. The simulation results were used to undertake a comparative analysis which included reliability, service quality, operational efficiency, network-wide effectiveness, and environmental impacts. The results showed that on-demand buses reduced average passenger trip time by 30%, increased vehicle occupancy rates from 8% to over 50%, and reduced emissions per passenger by over 70% on an average weekday compared to fixed-schedule buses. This study also offers insights for successful on-demand transport implementation, promoting urban sustainability. It also outlines future research directions, particularly the need for accurate short-term passenger demand prediction to improve service provision and passenger experience.
Keywords: on-demand public transport; shared mobility; smart urban transportation; agent-based modeling; low carbon mobility on-demand public transport; shared mobility; smart urban transportation; agent-based modeling; low carbon mobility

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liyanage, S.; Dia, H.; Duncan, G.; Abduljabbar, R. Evaluation of the Impacts of On-Demand Bus Services Using Traffic Simulation. Sustainability 2024, 16, 8477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198477

AMA Style

Liyanage S, Dia H, Duncan G, Abduljabbar R. Evaluation of the Impacts of On-Demand Bus Services Using Traffic Simulation. Sustainability. 2024; 16(19):8477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198477

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liyanage, Sohani, Hussein Dia, Gordon Duncan, and Rusul Abduljabbar. 2024. "Evaluation of the Impacts of On-Demand Bus Services Using Traffic Simulation" Sustainability 16, no. 19: 8477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198477

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