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Review

Application of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technology in Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment

by
Xinyu Li
1,
Xu Zhang
2,*,
Min Zhao
1,3,4,
Xiangyong Zheng
1,3,4,
Zhiquan Wang
1,3,4 and
Chunzhen Fan
3,4,*
1
College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
2
School of Intelligent Construction, Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou 325016, China
3
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
4
Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325014, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8635; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198635 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 August 2024 / Revised: 10 September 2024 / Accepted: 4 October 2024 / Published: 5 October 2024

Abstract

The management of domestic wastewater in rural areas has always been challenging due to characteristics such as the wide distribution and dispersion of rural households. There are numerous domestic sewage discharge methods used in rural areas, and it is difficult to treat the sewage. To address this problem, decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DWTSs) have been installed around the globe to reuse and recycle wastewater for non-potable uses such as firefighting, toilet flushing, and landscape irrigation. This study compares the currently implemented treatment processes by investigating them from the point of view of their performance and their advantages and disadvantages to provide new ideas for the development of rural wastewater treatment technologies. According to conventional treatment technologies including activated sludge (OD, A/O, A/A/O, SBR), biofilm (biofilter, MBBR, biological contact oxidation, biofluidized bed) and biogas digesters, natural biological treatment technologies including artificial wetlands (surface flow, vertical flow, horizontal submerged flow artificial wetlands), soil percolation systems (slow, fast, subsurface percolation and surface diffusion) and stabilization pond technology and combined treatment technologies are categorized and further described.
Keywords: decentralized wastewater treatment technology; rural domestic wastewater; improvement of rural environment decentralized wastewater treatment technology; rural domestic wastewater; improvement of rural environment

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, M.; Zheng, X.; Wang, Z.; Fan, C. Application of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technology in Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment. Sustainability 2024, 16, 8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198635

AMA Style

Li X, Zhang X, Zhao M, Zheng X, Wang Z, Fan C. Application of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technology in Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment. Sustainability. 2024; 16(19):8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198635

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Xinyu, Xu Zhang, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng, Zhiquan Wang, and Chunzhen Fan. 2024. "Application of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technology in Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment" Sustainability 16, no. 19: 8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198635

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