Trade-Off and Coordination between Development and Ecological Protection of Urban Agglomerations along Rivers: A Case Study of Urban Agglomerations in the Shandong Section of the Lower Yellow River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Source and Processing
2.3. Intensity Analysis
2.4. Ecosystem Service Supply (ESS) Calculation
2.5. Sensitivity Analysis
2.6. Cold and Hot Spot Analysis
2.7. Geographic Detector
3. Results
3.1. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Land Use
3.2. Figures, Tables, and Schemes
3.2.1. Interval Level
3.2.2. Category Level
3.2.3. Transformation Level
3.3. Analysis of the Change in ESSV
3.3.1. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of ESSV
3.3.2. Sensitivity Analysis of ESSV
3.3.3. Cold and Hot Spot Analysis of ESSV
3.4. Analysis of Spatial Differentiation of ESSV
3.4.1. Single-Factor Detection Analysis
3.4.2. Detection and Analysis of Factor Interactions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Type | Secondary Type | Farm | Forest | Grassland | Wetlands, Rivers, and Lakes | Desserts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land Use | Farmland | Forestland | Grassland | Waterbody | Unused Land | |
Supply services | Food production | 209.07 | 47.77 | 44.15 | 123.93 | 0.95 |
Raw material production | 46.36 | 109.74 | 64.96 | 69.06 | 2.84 | |
Water resources supply | −246.91 | 56.76 | 35.95 | 1029.28 | 1.89 | |
Regulatory services | Gas regulation | 168.39 | 360.91 | 228.31 | 252.59 | 12.30 |
Climate regulation | 87.98 | 1079.90 | 603.57 | 557.21 | 9.46 | |
Environment purification | 25.54 | 316.45 | 199.30 | 865.62 | 38.79 | |
Hydrological regulation | 282.86 | 706.69 | 442.11 | 11,964.47 | 22.70 | |
Support services | Soil conservation | 98.39 | 439.43 | 278.13 | 306.51 | 14.19 |
Nutrient cycle maintenance | 29.33 | 33.58 | 21.44 | 23.65 | 0.95 | |
Protection of biodiversity | 32.17 | 400.17 | 252.91 | 985.77 | 13.24 | |
Cultural services | Provision of aesthetic landscape | 14.19 | 175.49 | 111.63 | 626.27 | 5.68 |
Total | 747.37 | 3726.89 | 2282.46 | 16,804.37 | 122.98 |
Ecosystem | VC | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2000–2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Framland | VC ± 50% | 0.255 | 0.244 | 0.238 | 0.232 | 0.223 | −0.032 |
Forestland | VC ± 50% | 0.019 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.018 | −0.001 |
Grassland | VC ± 50% | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.056 | −0.002 |
Waterbody | VC ± 50% | 0.419 | 0.431 | 0.437 | 0.443 | 0.453 | 0.034 |
Unused Land | VC ± 50% | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Liu, A.; Yan, T.; Shi, S.; Zhao, W.; Ke, S.; Zhang, F. Trade-Off and Coordination between Development and Ecological Protection of Urban Agglomerations along Rivers: A Case Study of Urban Agglomerations in the Shandong Section of the Lower Yellow River. Land 2024, 13, 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091368
Liu A, Yan T, Shi S, Zhao W, Ke S, Zhang F. Trade-Off and Coordination between Development and Ecological Protection of Urban Agglomerations along Rivers: A Case Study of Urban Agglomerations in the Shandong Section of the Lower Yellow River. Land. 2024; 13(9):1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091368
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Anbei, Tingting Yan, Shengxiang Shi, Weijun Zhao, Sihang Ke, and Fangshu Zhang. 2024. "Trade-Off and Coordination between Development and Ecological Protection of Urban Agglomerations along Rivers: A Case Study of Urban Agglomerations in the Shandong Section of the Lower Yellow River" Land 13, no. 9: 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091368