Rare Superior and Middle Trunk Fusion Accompanied by Altered Division Rearrangement Results in a Unique Brachial Plexus Variant: A Case Report
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case Presentation
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Netter, F.H. Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, 8th ed.; Elsevier: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2023. [Google Scholar]
- Tubbs, R.S.; Shoja, M.M.; Loukas, M. Bergman’s Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation, 1st ed.; Wiley-Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Tubbs, R.S.; Loukas, M.; Shoja, M.M.; Ardalan, M.R.; Apaydin, N.; Myers, C.; Shokouhi, G.; Oakes, W.J. Contributions of the fourth spinal nerve to the brachial plexus without prefixation. J. Neurosurg. Spine 2008, 8, 548–551. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kerr, A.T. The brachial plexus of nerves in man, the variations in its formation and branches. Am. J. Anat. 1918, 23, 285–395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Walsh, J. The anatomy oft he brachial plexus. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1877, 74, 387–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benes, M.; Kachlik, D.; Belbl, M.; Kunc, V.; Havlikova, S.; Whitley, A.; Kunc, V. A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part I—Roots, trunks, divisions and cords. Ann. Anat. 2021, 238, 151751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miller, R. Observation upon the arrangement of axillary artery and brachial plexus. Am. J. Anat. 1939, 64, 143–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leijnse, J.N.; de Bakker, B.S.; D’Herde, K. The brachial plexus–explaining its morphology and variability by a generic developmental model. J. Anat. 2020, 236, 862–882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pellerin, M.; Kimball, Z.; Tubbs, R.S.; Nguyen, S.; Matusz, P.; Cohen-Gadol, A.A.; Loukas, M. The prefixed and postfixed brachial plexus: A review with surgical implications. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2010, 32, 251–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bonnel, F. Microscopic anatomy of the adult human brachial plexus: An anatomical and histological basis for microsurgery. Microsurgery 1984, 5, 107–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Verenna, A.A.; Alexandru, D.; Karimi, A.; Brown, J.M.; Bove, G.M.; Daly, F.J.; Pastore, A.M.; Pearson, H.E.; Barbe, M.F. Dorsal Scapular Artery Variations and Relationship to the Brachial Plexus, and a Related Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Case. J. Brachial Plex. Peripher. Nerve Inj. 2016, 11, e21–e28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Harris, W. The true form of the brachial plexus and its motor distribution. J. Anat. Physiol. 1904, 38, 399–422. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Moore, K.L.; Dalley, A.F.; Agur, A.M.R. Upper limb. In Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th ed.; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Hur, M.S.; Woo, J.S.; Park, S.Y.; Kang, B.S.; Shin, C.; Kim, H.J.; Lee, K.S. Destination of the C4 component of the prefixed brachial plexus. Clin. Anat. 2011, 24, 717–720. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Matejcik, V. Aberrant formation and clinical picture of brachial plexus from the point of view of a neurosurgeon. Bratisl. Lek. Listy 2003, 104, 291–299. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Nayak, S.; Somayaji, N.; Vollala, V.R.; Raghunathan, D.; Rodrigues, V.; Samuel, V.P.; Alathady Malloor, P. A rare variation in the formation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus—A case report. Neuroanatomy 2005, 4, 37–38. [Google Scholar]
- Yildiz, S.; Cömert, A.; Ozan, H. A case of connected superior and middle trunks of the brachial plexus or with abnormal upper trunk. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2011, 52, 1157–1159. [Google Scholar]
- Singla, R.K.; Sharma, R.K.; Shree, B. A two trunked brachial plexus: A case report. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2013, 7, 704–705. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Natsis, K.; Piagkou, M.; Totlis, T.; Kapetanakis, S. A prefix brachial plexus with two trunks and one anterior cord. Folia Morphol. 2020, 79, 402–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karaca Bozdag, Z.; Gayretl, Ö.; Çandir, B.N.; Ari, Z. A rare variation of the brachial plexus involving the trunks and cords: A case report. J. Med. Sci. 2022, 3, 195–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patel, N.T.; Smith, H.F. Clinically Relevant Anatomical Variations in the Brachial Plexus. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lai, K.C.; Ho, H.C. Origin variations and brachial plexus relationship of the dorsal scapular artery. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 7803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Schlüter, A.M.; Redl, K.; Tschernig, T.; Maxeiner, S.; Krasteva-Christ, G. Rare Superior and Middle Trunk Fusion Accompanied by Altered Division Rearrangement Results in a Unique Brachial Plexus Variant: A Case Report. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121239
Schlüter AM, Redl K, Tschernig T, Maxeiner S, Krasteva-Christ G. Rare Superior and Middle Trunk Fusion Accompanied by Altered Division Rearrangement Results in a Unique Brachial Plexus Variant: A Case Report. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(12):1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121239
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchlüter, Andreas Marco, Konstantin Redl, Thomas Tschernig, Stephan Maxeiner, and Gabriela Krasteva-Christ. 2024. "Rare Superior and Middle Trunk Fusion Accompanied by Altered Division Rearrangement Results in a Unique Brachial Plexus Variant: A Case Report" Diagnostics 14, no. 12: 1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121239
APA StyleSchlüter, A. M., Redl, K., Tschernig, T., Maxeiner, S., & Krasteva-Christ, G. (2024). Rare Superior and Middle Trunk Fusion Accompanied by Altered Division Rearrangement Results in a Unique Brachial Plexus Variant: A Case Report. Diagnostics, 14(12), 1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121239