Investigation of the Impact of Geotextile Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Granite Residual Soil
2.1.2. Geotextiles
2.1.3. Alkaline Solution
2.2. Test Scheme
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Compressive Strength Test
2.3.2. XRD Spectrum
2.3.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.3.4. Scanning Electron Microscope
2.3.5. Mass Loss
2.4. Experimental Scheme
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Compressive Strength
3.1.1. Influence of Geotextile Layers on Compressive Strength
3.1.2. Effect of Curing Conditions on Compressive Strength
3.2. Hydration Mechanism of Geotextile-Enhanced Geopolymer
3.2.1. XRD Analysis
3.2.2. TG-DTA
3.2.3. SEM Analysis
3.2.4. EDS Analysis of Geotextile Geopolymer
3.3. Mass Loss Research
4. Conclusions
- The geotextile has a strengthening effect on the geopolymer. Under the same curing time and conditions, the unconfined compressive strength of the samples with the geotextile was higher than that without the geotextile, and the compressive strength of the sample under 14-day natural curing increased from 2.57 Mpa to 3.26 Mpa, an increase of 27%.
- The compressive strength of the geopolymer did not increase directly with the increase in the number of geotextile layers. With consistent curing time and conditions, the compressive strength of the geopolymer sample with a layer of geotextile cured for 14 days increased by 23% on average compared with the sample without geotextiles, while the subsequent increase in the number of geotextile layers resulted in a small increase in compressive strength, and the optimal average value only increased by 9%. Once the number of geotextile layers in the sample reached two or more layers, the impact on the geopolymer strength became negligible and gradually decreased.
- The longer the curing time, the higher the polymer strength. But increasing the number of D-W cycle exacerbated the destruction of geopolymers. On the 14th day, the average strength of the D-W cyclic sample (1.935 Mpa) was 1.305 Mpa smaller than that of the naturally cured sample (3.24 Mpa), and the strength decreased by 40%. Under the condition of natural curing and soaking curing, the compressive strength of the geopolymer increased with the increase in time within 14 days. However, the compressive strength of the geopolymer decreased slightly under the D-W cycle condition.
- D-W cycles are unfavorable to geopolymers with geotextiles. With equal geotextile layer counts, distribution patterns, and curing times, the compressive strength of geopolymers cured naturally was markedly higher than those cured under D-W cycle conditions, which in turn were lower than those of geopolymers cured under the first two curing scenarios. But the strength of the geopolymer without geotextiles increased from day 7 to day 14. This was attributed to the effect of the geotextile on the concentration of alkali solution due to the enhanced penetration strength of the sample. This could be attributed to the wet–dry cycle which intensified the shedding of geopolymers.
- Obviously, the layering of a whole geotextile added fine fibers to the sample to improve the compressive properties of the sample, which could effectively inhibit the development of cracks in the material. Geopolymers and geotextiles can strengthen a foundation together, which is of great significance for developing common technology involving geopolymer reinforcement and geotextile layering in foundation reinforcement. Both are environmentally friendly materials, which can reduce environmental pollution. Although the results show positive results regarding the geopolymerization and strength enhancement of residual soil reinforced by geotextiles, the results may be limited by the size of the laboratory, and it is suggested that to address the latter, we could appropriately increase the sample size to better simulate the field situation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Value | Test Method |
---|---|---|
Characteristic initial strength (kN/m) | 10 | ISO 10319 [29] |
Nominal mass (g/m2) | 200 | ISO 9864 [30] |
Sample | Number of Geotextile Layers | Curing Condition | Experiment Period/d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N-0 | 0 | Natural curing | 7 | 14 |
N-1 | 1 | |||
N-2 | 2 | |||
N-3 | 3 | |||
S-0 | 0 | Soaking curing | 7 | 14 |
S-1 | 1 | |||
S-2 | 2 | |||
S-3 | 3 | |||
C-0 | 0 | D-W cycle curing | 7 | 14 |
C-1 | 1 | |||
C-2 | 2 | |||
C-3 | 3 |
#1 | #2 | #3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atom | Ratio/% | Atom | Ratio% | Atom | Ratio% |
C | 76.78 | C | 73.36 | C | 74.39 |
N | 0.00 | N | 0.00 | N | 0.00 |
O | 18.11 | O | 19.62 | O | 18.57 |
Na | 2.05 | Na | 2.57 | Na | 2.57 |
Al | 1.30 | Al | 1.93 | Al | 1.93 |
Si | 1.68 | Si | 2.51 | Si | 2.65 |
K | 0.08 | K | 0.00 | K | 0.05 |
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Zhou, W.; Zhang, X.; Li, H.; Yan, R.; Huang, X.; Gan, J.; Zhang, J.; Cheng, X.; Yuan, J.; Yuan, B. Investigation of the Impact of Geotextile Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer. Buildings 2024, 14, 2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092595
Zhou W, Zhang X, Li H, Yan R, Huang X, Gan J, Zhang J, Cheng X, Yuan J, Yuan B. Investigation of the Impact of Geotextile Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092595
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Wei, Xiujie Zhang, Hongzhong Li, Rongtao Yan, Xianlun Huang, Jianjun Gan, Jinping Zhang, Xiaoyong Cheng, Junhong Yuan, and Bingxiang Yuan. 2024. "Investigation of the Impact of Geotextile Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092595