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Review

A Review of Advanced Air Lubrication Strategies for Resistance Reduction in the Naval Sector

by
Massimiliano Chillemi
,
Marcello Raffaele
* and
Felice Sfravara
*
Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ME, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5888; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135888
Submission received: 23 May 2024 / Revised: 28 June 2024 / Accepted: 3 July 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Science and Engineering)

Abstract

This review explores a variety of techniques that utilize air injections beneath a vessel’s hull to reduce drag and consequently improve energy efficiency. It focuses on the methodologies of microbubble drag reduction (MBDR), air layer drag reduction (ALDR), and air cavity drag reduction (ACDR), offering insights into their design, operational mechanisms, and potential applications. This review provides a detailed examination of the underlying principles of these technologies, incorporating a blend of experimental research, numerical simulations, and mathematical modelling to offer a comprehensive understanding. It references recent experimental data, highlighting how these findings corroborate with numerical simulations and are further explained through mathematical models. Conclusively, this review accentuates the transformative influence of air injection methods in drag reduction within the maritime industry, emphasizing their pivotal role in boosting operational efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and driving the evolution of naval design and transportation. Through a balanced and detailed analysis, this review provides a holistic view of the current state and future prospects of these innovative resistance reduction strategies.
Keywords: air lubrication; drag reduction; air cavity; microbubble; air layer; sustainability; CFD air lubrication; drag reduction; air cavity; microbubble; air layer; sustainability; CFD

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chillemi, M.; Raffaele, M.; Sfravara, F. A Review of Advanced Air Lubrication Strategies for Resistance Reduction in the Naval Sector. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135888

AMA Style

Chillemi M, Raffaele M, Sfravara F. A Review of Advanced Air Lubrication Strategies for Resistance Reduction in the Naval Sector. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(13):5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135888

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chillemi, Massimiliano, Marcello Raffaele, and Felice Sfravara. 2024. "A Review of Advanced Air Lubrication Strategies for Resistance Reduction in the Naval Sector" Applied Sciences 14, no. 13: 5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135888

APA Style

Chillemi, M., Raffaele, M., & Sfravara, F. (2024). A Review of Advanced Air Lubrication Strategies for Resistance Reduction in the Naval Sector. Applied Sciences, 14(13), 5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135888

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