AIoT Monitoring Technology for Optimal Fill Dam Installation and Operation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. AIoT Dam Monitoring Technology
3.1. Overview
3.2. Autonomous Operation
3.3. Malfunction Prevention
3.4. Optimal Communication Environment
3.5. Data Authentication and Security
4. Field Application of AIoT Monitoring Technology
4.1. Field Test in Korea
4.2. Future Field Test Plan in Vietnam
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Problems in the Current Technology | AIoT Technology |
---|---|---|
(1) Malfunction prevention technology | Sensor measurement error due to unstable voltage and sensing noise ⇒ Decreased reliability of measurement data ⇒ Frequent alarm notifications | Application of a statistics-based data filtering technique ⇒ Measurement data error removal and reliable alarm notification |
(2) Communication performance improvement | Use of the open-frequency area of shared Wi-Fi and LoRa communications ⇒ Communication delay | Frequency channel setting feature (0–15 channels) ⇒ Improved communication performance by using a frequency with high communication sensitivity |
(3) Autonomous operation | Limited to periodic measurements (once per hour, week, day) and simple communication capabilities ⇒ Impossible to perform precision measurement when a risk occurs | Autonomous switching from normal measurement (once per hour) to precision measurement (once per minute) in the event of a risk ⇒ Precision measurement/bi-directional communication is possible |
(4) Data authentication | Use of open IoT communications (LoRa and Wi-Fi) ⇒ Problem in collecting error data (other communication data) | CRC checking when collecting measurement data (received data authentication) ⇒ Verification of data quality and reliability |
(5) Prediction technology using machine learning | Simple measurement data monitoring ⇒ The state of safety of the facility cannot be recognized ⇒ Expert judgment is required | Assessment of safety status based on real-time data collected ⇒ Use of normal and anomaly detection information to predict safety status |
(6) Security features | Vulnerable to external connections and hacking on open communication frequencies ⇒ Decreased security | Data transmission after pattern encryption ⇒ Prevention of hacking and enhancement of security features ⇒ Smooth control of devices/systems |
Category | Specifications |
---|---|
Sensor measurement | Electrical resistance type, electric type, RS485, and RS232 simultaneous measurements |
Measurement cycle | 1 min to 60 min or higher (measurement cycle control feature included) |
MCU | ARM Cortex M3 32-bit 120 MHz |
Internal memory | Minimum 128 KB (Flash Memory) |
Power supply | Always-on, primary battery, secondary battery + solar power |
Applied voltage | 3.3–12 V |
Node communication method | LoRa, Wi-Fi, LTE |
Operating temperature | −20~60 °C, humidity 80% or lower |
Durability | IP 67 or higher |
Quality assurance | Minimum 2 years |
Category | Specifications |
---|---|
Number of node connections | 20 |
MCU | ARM Cortex M3 32-bit 120 MHz |
Internal memory | Minimum 128 KB (Flash Memory) |
Power supply | Always-on, primary battery, secondary battery + solar power |
Applied voltage | 3.3–12 V |
Node communication method | LoRa, Wi-Fi, LTE |
Server communication method | Router communication (3G, 4G, 5G) |
Operating temperature | −20~60 °C, humidity 80% or lower |
Durability | IP 67 or higher |
Quality assurance | Minimum 2 years |
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Kong, S.-M.; Yoo, C.; Park, J.; Park, J.-H.; Lee, S.-W. AIoT Monitoring Technology for Optimal Fill Dam Installation and Operation. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031024
Kong S-M, Yoo C, Park J, Park J-H, Lee S-W. AIoT Monitoring Technology for Optimal Fill Dam Installation and Operation. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(3):1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031024
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Suk-Min, Chanho Yoo, Jaeim Park, Jae-Hyun Park, and Seong-Won Lee. 2024. "AIoT Monitoring Technology for Optimal Fill Dam Installation and Operation" Applied Sciences 14, no. 3: 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031024